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China as a System @leonliao

A new framework on how China’s rise is reshaping global competition across industry, technology, energy, capital flows, and geopolitics. Grounded in local insight and shaped by a global perspective. Publishing 5-10 in-depth structural essays weekly

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The Mind Behind Unitree: China’s Humanoid Robot Powerhouse

Wang Xingxing built Unitree by repeatedly changing his mind about what mattered most. As each bottleneck moved, he rebuilt the company around the next one

Europe’s Stalled Electrification and China’s Electric Economy

Clean power expands domestic energy supply. Electrification determines how much of the economy that supply can reach.

BREAKING: China’s Reusable-Rocket Race Has Entered Phase Two

Forty days after Long March 10B pioneered offshore net capture, LandSpace’s Zhuque-3 became the first privately developed Chinese orbital rocket to recover its first stage. The harder test now begins.

The Structural Shortage in Mature-Node Semiconductors

Within the same 40nm node, weak demand for generic logic can coexist with tight automotive MCU capacity and AI-related specialty processes that customers may struggle for years to replace

Did Automation Block the Global South’s Path to Industrialization?

The Myth of the China Squeeze Part II

The AI Boom Is Turning China’s Chip Overcapacity Into Strategic Capacity

China spent years paying for semiconductor capacity the market considered excessive. AI is now putting a premium on the fact that much of it is already built, qualified and available.

The Global South’s Real Path to Energy Autonomy

Imported fossil fuels create a recurring claim on foreign exchange. Imported clean-energy equipment can build productive capacity at home.

The AI-Driven High-End PCB Supercycle

AI is turning a mature electronics industry into a race for qualified capacity

Germany’s AfD and Japan’s Rightward Turn

Why Is Germany So Afraid of Patriotism? Put Japan Next to Germany, and the Answer Becomes Clear.

Inside Iluvatar CoreX: How PE Capital Rebooted China’s Practical GPU Challenger

Iluvatar CoreX Is Returning to Market Attention Because of ByteDance’s Reported 50,000-Chip Order

The Renminbi Has Been the Strongest Currency of the Past 20 Years

China did not build its export machine through devaluation. It nearly doubled its share of global exports while the renminbi was appreciating.