
Circassian Folk Song and Social-Class Conflict
Without a written language, the Circassians turned song into their archive, preserving heroes, shaming traitors, and giving voice to the deep tension between princes and commoners.
An independent, English-language archive devoted to the history, culture, language, and diaspora of the Circassian (Adyghe) people, gathering scholarship, art, and memory in one place.
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Without a written language, the Circassians turned song into their archive, preserving heroes, shaming traitors, and giving voice to the deep tension between princes and commoners.

Adyghe, Kabardian, Abkhaz, Abaza, and the one that ended in 1992

Editor’s introduction

The Circassian squadrons of French Mandate Syria fought Damascus's wars for twenty years, then paid for it twice over.

'First published in Russian in the journal 'Cultural Life of the South of Russia' ('Kulturnaya zhizn Yuga Rossii'), No.

How the loss of the Kurey winter pastures drove Kabarda to war, and how a song kept the record the historians would not.

Mikhail Lermontov marched with the empire against the highlanders of the Caucasus, and left them the most honest portrait in Russian literature.

First published on AbkhazWorld.com on 5 July 2026
by Metin Kodzoko - BA Musicology, Erciyes University - CircassianWorld.com

Auladin Sarabievich Dumanishev [Думэныщ Iэулэдин] (b.