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Chess programming is dominated by the C and C++ languages. The strongest engine in a non-C language is currently Booot written by Alex Morozov in Delphi. Critter was also originally written in Delphi, but was rewritten in C++ after running into too many 64-bit bugs in the Delphi compiler. The next strongest non-Delphi, non-C program is CuckooChess written in Java.

Contents

Classical Languages

Compiled and interpreted languages.

Ada
Algol
Assembly
Basic
C
C#
Cilk
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Go (Programming Language)
Haskell
Java
Julia
Lisp
Modula-2
Nim (Programming Language)
OCaml
OpenCL
Pascal
PL/I
Prolog
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scheme
Simula

Scripting Languages

Chess Languages

CHE ¹
Chess-Lisp for Steven Edwards' program Symbolic
Chess Query Language
MACH ²

Game Languages

Publications

1950 ...

Nathaniel Rochester (1953). Symbolic programming. Transactions of the I.R.E. Professional Group on Electronic Computers, Vol. 2, No. 4
Noam Chomsky (1956). Three models for the Description of Language. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 2, pdf

1960 ...

Christopher Strachey, Maurice Wilkes (1961). Some Proposals for Improving the Efficiency of ALGOL 60. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 4, No. 11
V. I. Sobel'man, Mikhail R. Shura-Bura (1962). Realization of recursive procedures in the language of AlGOL-60. (Реализация Рекурсивных Процедур В Языке Алгол-60) Zhurnal Vychislitel'noi Matematiki i Matematicheskoi Fiziki, Vol. 2, No. 2
Noam Chomsky, Marcel P. Schützenberger (1963). The Algebraic Theory of Context Free Languages. in P. Braffort, D. Hirschberg, Computer Programming and Formal Languages. Amsterdam: North Holland
Christopher Strachey (1967, 2000). Fundamental Concepts in Programming Languages. Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation, Vol. 13: 11–49
Edsger Dijkstra (1968). Go To Statement Considered Harmful. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 11, No. 3, pdf ³ ⁴
Bertram Vivian Bowden (1969). The Language of Computers. Literature: Reports hosted by Atlas Computer Laboratory

1970 ...

Dana Scott, Christopher Strachey (1971). Toward an Mathematical Semantics for Computer Languages. pdf
William A. Wulf (1971). Programming Without the GOTO. IFIP, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, August 1971 » goto
William A. Wulf, et al. (1971). Reflections on a Systems Programming Language. Proceedings of the SIGPLAN Symposium on System Implementation Languages, Purdue University, October 1971
William A. Wulf (1972). A Case Against the GOTO. Proceedings of the ACM National Conference, Boston, August 1972 » goto
William A. Wulf, Mary Shaw (1973). Global Variables Considered Harmful. SIGPLAN Notices Vol. 8, No. 2, February 1973
Mike Clarke (1973). Some Ideas for a Chess Compiler. Artificial and Human Thinking, reprinted 1988 in Computer Chess Compendium
Donald Knuth (1974). Structured Programming with go to Statements. ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 6, No. 4, pdf » goto
Donald Michie (1976). AL1: a package for generating strategies from tables. ACM SIGART Bulletin, Issue 59