What is the future of Iowa's small towns? (II)

The lives we should all be living:
"Texas Two-Step," a movie on the Hallmark Channel,
offers romance and country music in a small town third place
(swiped from hallmarkchannel.com)

(6/16/2026) In my last post, I noted the reputation of the 1990s TV series Friends has as a contributor to the "back to the city" trend earlier in this century, and wondered not only whether that trend has ebbed, but where today's friends are leading. Hannah Nuss, an entrepreneur and speaker at the recent EntreFest put on by NewBoCo, suggested we might spend some quality time pondering an infamous theme of made-for-TV romance movies: the young woman in the big city returning to her small town roots and finding true love and entrepreneurial happiness.

Hannah Nuss presents at EntreFest
(Outrageous laptop borrowed from Robbie Nesmith)

Nuss, of Denver, Iowa, is founder of a shop and a publishing company, both of which are called Local. She cited small town/rural advantages such as low startup costs, low rents, "super-low" cost of living, neighborly culture, and a small enough population that word of mouth spreads faster. She argues that the death of rural Iowa is a "false narrative people accept," and that "entrepreneurship is here" along with the happy endings of all those romance movies where the heroine chooses love over the big city.

Delaney Howell-Goth on stage at the Englert Theater

Also at EntreFest last week, two other female entrepreneurs from small towns touted advantages for business and economic development. Marketer Delaney Howell-Groth (AgCulture Marketing), who farms with her husband near Rhodes, Iowa, said women entrepreneurs are already active enough to create more than half of all jobs created in small towns. Even more people could be shown the way--or the way back, if they've already left--if there were a supportive entrepreneurial ecosystem providing access to resources, training, and knowledge, which is what the conference she started, She Creates Rural, aims to be.

Stephanie Grutz presents at EntreFest

A third business owner, Stephanie Grutz, mostly talked about her personal journey, but has just moved the headquarters of her healthcare businesses from Dubuque to Peosta, in part because she lives there, but also because she wants rural residents to have access to the types of therapies more commonly found in larger cities.

The river that ran through these three presentations was the contrast between an overwhelming big city full of action and people and wealth and the perception (illusion?) of economic opportunity, against a small arena with less wealth and fewer people, but a less frantic pace, and a chance for stable and "deep relationships" with the people you do encounter. A smaller, less crowded stage allows a person to be impactful and known. 

Both the movie plot and the death-of-rural paradigm rely on stereotypes, of course, which however exaggerated also reflect some important truths. Lyz Lenz (2026) sees the same phenomenon at work in the popularity of Ballerina Farm, a Utah farm, store, and social media phenomenon created by Hannah Neeleman, a self-styled "trad wife." Lyz notes that the women interviewed by The New York Times "don't want to be Hannah Neeleman, exactly. What they want is a glimpse at an easier life." She continues:

They all seem very aware of what must go on behind the scenes to raise and school all those children while building a business empire and staying thin and breaking bread. But it's that idea of something simple and easier.... A nice husband, a bit of land, some chickens, and some kids? Isn't that so much easier than this modern world, where you sit at a computer and create value for a company that is actively plotting to sell your flesh to AI?

Yes, they're cute, but my laptop smells better
© Copyright Evelyn Simak and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons License.

Of course the trad wives and romance movies are selling fantasy, just like Friends, whose characters had an unbelievable Upper East Side lifestyle considering they worked at a coffeeshop.

If the rural young are hearing messages that they must leave to thrive, as our speakers suggested, those messages are landing for a reason. I'm not from a small town, but I'm from a state where small town representatives have run the government for years. And the messages they are bringing from their towns to the state in legislation and executive action pulsate with resentment. They snarl at immigrants, they snarl at transgendered people, they snarl at people who are concerned about the environment. If you are a young person who is different, or seeks a different truth, or whose mind is not slammed shut, these sorts of messages are not encouraging you to do anything but flee.

Back to reality: In a world with only two alternatives, corporate big city overstimulation or quiet old white small town, choosing either is going to be painful, because you'll be required to give up something you value. But are there really only two alternatives? More Americans live in suburbs than any other type of place. I grew up in the western suburbs of Chicago, with great schools and a big public library. Does no one dream of living in a suburb? When I go back, everything's different and no one knows me. Maybe not.

Prince Street, 2018: Boston's North End neighborhood
is urban without being noisy and frantic

It may be that in the contrast of extremes can be found there's a combination of attributes many Americans desire in their places but have difficulty finding: walkable neighborhoods, deep relationships, a variety of economic opportunities, and a variety of people with interesting perspectives. A few small towns seem to have achieved this, as have a few urban neighborhoods. But the more we as a country rely on cars to get us anywhere, and low prices at big-box stores to get us by, those places will continue to be hard to find, or to build. 

Water Street, 2013: Decorah is small but has 
a great commercial street an easy walk from residential areas

Small towns that can apply urbanism, and celebrate diversity and inclusion, may find themselves the objects of a lot of people's desires. And that, along with the positive examples and mentoring offered by people like our three speakers, would do wonders for their entrepreneurial ecosystems. And "big" cities that create some real neighborhoods will find they too can ride out whatever fantasies the media are selling us, even if their residents aren't handsome cowboys running Christmas tree farms.

SEE ALSO: 

Kiva website for small capital loans

Produce Iowa web site for small town Iowa film makers

ORIGINAL POST: "What is the Future of Iowa's Small Towns?" 3 July 2018

Prairie Patch Farms Llama Experience: 
If you've read this far, you deserve a picture of a llama

Iowa's Legislative Session Ends, To Everyone's Relief

 

Some of us have to live with the consequences of
another legislative session

(5/7/2026) Iowa's public approval of President Donald Trump has dipped to 42 percent in 2026, according to the World Population Review; that puts us only slightly above the national average, and in the middle of the pack of states. That's pretty remarkable, given that our politics have flowed bright red since the 2014 cycle. We can't even gerrymander our congressional districts to help Republicans, because they already hold all four U.S. House seats. Yet early polling--which should be read tentatively, as the election of 2026 is six long months away--shows Democrats with a legitimate shot at the governorship, as well as one or more U.S. House seats, and if that's the case, they might capture a house of the state legislature for the first time in over a decade.

That might account for the particular intensity of the legislative session just concluded. Members of the Democratic minority reported a chaotic closing weekend. My senator, Liz Bennett, reported on the final Saturday morning:

In 12 years, this is the worst and most disorganized I've seen the Iowa legislature. Over 24 hours in this building, here overnight, HOURS between votes, and some of the mot important bills haven't even been agreed upon yet. The majority party (who is in control of the entire government) should've adjourned last night, allowed people to rest while their leadership got things together, and called legislators back when they were ready.

Another senator, Art Staed, a member of Corridor Urbanism back in the day, told KCRG-TV:

This Session was under Republican leadership only, Republicans fighting amongst themselves while the rest of the Capitol suffered. Iowans also suffered with very little public input into these final bills.... Drafters were making mistakes which caused delays. I am absolutely certain we will need to correct some of these poorly thought-out bills next Session (which doesn't begin until January 2027). Why on earth were we working on all of those policy bills that late in Session? Should have been focused on the budget and key areas only.

Once legislators were back on the floor, one Republican bill sponsor cited the source of his information as "AI."

Republicans seemed especially eager to consolidate their policy gains and remind their supporters that their hatred for other people remains as unbridled as ever. A more constructive approach might have been to show that they recognize and care about economic, health, and environmental problems affecting the state, especially the parts of the state where their support is strongest. But maybe it's too late for that.

This is what they did this year at the Capitol (more coverage and longer lists at Barton 2026, Opsahl and Draisey 2026):

• Clear public good 
• water quality initiatives [definitely a problem, though questions about adequacy and whether a restart is better than pursuing previous policy cf. Dorman 2026]
• funds for pediatric cancer research, requiring radon mitigation systems in new homes
• better access to subacute mental health care
• Helping their friends
• tax exemption for nuclear power companies
• shifts money from school districts to charter schools
• omnibus agriculture bill including tax relief and increased support
• bans Chinese, Russian, or North Korean ownership of health care facilities
• looser training requirements for foster parents, regulations on homeschooling
• allows health care practitioners and organizations to opt out of procedures for reasons of conscience
• state officials can carry firearms anywhere on Capitol grounds
• Sticking it to people they don't like
• "three strikes" minimum sentences for prior criminal offenders
• forbids local governments from enacting civil rights protections beyond what's in Iowa code, or issuing identification cards, or having revenue growth above 2 percent
• limits access to abortion drug mifepristone
• restrictions on WIC and SNAP benefits
• requiring universities invest in state innovation programs
• English proficiency required for truck drivers
• Limits lawsuits against farmers for greenhouse gas emissions
• removes availability of HPV vaccine to minors without parental approval
• restricts access to bail

At the end of this session, we're at the same place when I wrote this last year, or when I wrote this in 2019. Iowa faces persistently low economic growth, despite cutting taxes every year. Incidence of cancer is increasing. Population is growing slowly, but in most of the state it's shrinking. Educated young people are leaving the state. Add on global issues like climate change, economic inequality, and control of new technology. Yet year after year, session after session, our Republican-dominated legislature pulls this grandstanding.

Maybe electing some Democrats will focus everyone's minds. Maybe it won't. It could be that, as Jonathan V. Last argues on a national level in The Bulwark this week, American politics has become so "enshittified" that any policy action to improve the "user experience" has become politically impossible.  It could be argued that any party with a 33-17 edge in the state Senate and a 67-33 edge in the state House, 16 years in control of the governorship, along with control of almost every executive position, is doing something right. And yet things don't get better.

NEWS COVERAGE:

Tom Barton, "Five Issues That Defined Iowa's 2026 Legislative Session," Cedar Rapids Gazette, 4 May 2026

Robin Opsahl and Brooklyn Draisey, "The 2026 Legislative Session is Over. Here's What Passed, Failed, and What is Already Iowa Law," News from the States, 4 May 2026

Iowa's legislature may never run out of symbolism

 

Iowa House Speaker Pat Grassley
(R-Hartford); from iowa.gov

(5/23/2025) Legislative session number nine of unified Republican control of Iowa state government ended about the way the first eight did: tax and service cuts, repressing groups they don't like, and full-throated support for whatever President Donald Trump is advocating today. Speaker Pat Grassley posted on Facebook that Iowa voters "send us to Des Moines to be your voice and to do hard things. The session was nothing short of working hard and continuing to do the hard things."

The hard things included some new laws with arguably laudable objectives. Late in the session, Speaker Grassley bragged on resolving conflicts over use of eminent domain to acquire land for a carbon capture pipeline; raising minimum K-12 teacher salaries; and banning student cellphone use in classrooms. Increased funding for community colleges supports a critical service. Requiring cities and counties to allow accessory dwelling units under certain conditions is one approach to providing affordable housing (Strong Towns 2025).

Yet the legislature also spent time on:

• banning drone surveillance of farms
• reducing unemployment insurance tax rates on businesses
• established quotas for Iowa residents in admission to medical and dental residency programs
• expanded work requirements for Medicaid
• removing gender identity from the Iowa Civil Rights Act
• removing perceived traits from the official definition of bullying
• prohibiting diversity, equity and inclusion positions in community colleges and local government
• barring use of Medicaid funds for gender dysphoria procedures and therapies
• lowering the legal age to purchase a handgun from 21 to 18
• barring sex offenders from serving as firefighters
• requiring voters to verify citizenship
• banning ranked choice voting
• banning citizen police review boards
• requiring the University of Iowa to establish a School of Intellectual Freedom

The complete list of legislative enactments is at Murphy 2025 (cited below).

The first two reward Republican constituent groups; the remainder are mostly symbolic efforts to establish in law preferred identities and behaviors. In the absence of real problems being solved, their purpose seems to be to make Republican voters feel better about themselves. That also accounts for U.S. Representatives Ashley Hinson and Marianette Miller-Meeks supporting national Medicaid cuts in the reconciliation bill currently before Congress (Nieland 2025), though a lot of what may seem like undeserved health insurance for the shiftless poor actually supports long-term care for the elderly (Nirappil 2025), many of whom live in Iowa and support Republicans.

Irving Point is an assisted living facility in the Oak Hill Jackson neighborhood
(from burnshousing.com)

I continue to question how these packages of rewards to supporters and punishments for others lays any satisfactory groundwork for Iowa's future. A low-tax, low-service state that's hostile to immigration is laughing in the face of demographic, economic, health care, and climate challenges that every place faces. The Iowa Senate Democrats posted: "Growing our state's economy requires attracting and retaining the best and brightest." Their assumption is that a prosperous future Iowa will differ from current Iowa demographics and culture. That is a principal basis of my using this blog to advocate for diversity.

International immigration in the early 2020s more than compensated for U.S. metropolitan area population losses during the pandemic (Frey 2025).  This is particularly important in cities near Iowa--think Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Louis--that have been prone to domestic out-migration. Frey notes:  "Nationally, recent population projections

 indicate that with low levels of immigration (the kind observed during the first Trump administration), the nation’s population would start to decline after 2043, and its labor-force-age population will show no gains by 2035." 

I don't doubt that these new laws reflect the priorities of the voters who have been sending Republicans to the executive and legislative branches. A Civiqs survey at the 100-day mark found presidential approval in Iowa at 48 percent, higher than the country as a whole, though lower than deep red states like West Virginia and Wyoming (McGrath 2025). This may create openings for Democrats in 2026, but incumbent Republican legislators and executives, including Governor Kim Reynolds, won their seats by comfortable margins.

Iowa Republicans remain allergic to difference, and keep governing like if the state had any problems they could be solved by returning to 1958. And they keep winning.

SEE ALSO: 

"Iowa and the Vision Thing," 24 April 2024

Tom Barton, "Reynolds Secures Most of Her Legislative Agenda," Cedar Rapids Gazette, 18 May 2025, 1A, 10A

Erin Murphy, "Which Bills Passed--Or Didn't--the Legislature?" Cedar Rapids Gazette, 18 May 2025, 9A

Grace Nieland, "Hinson, Miller-Meeks Support Medicaid Limits," Cedar Rapids Gazette, 17 May 2025, 3A

ADDED LATER:

Lydia Denworth, "People in Republican Counties Have Higher Death Rates Than Those in Democratic Counties," Scientific American, 18 July 2022

Iowa's physician shortage

 

Zach Kucharski of the Gazette introduces the panel

Iowa is last in the nation in obstetricians per capita, which is felt most acutely in rural areas where fewer hospitals are offering obstetrics or even pediatric services. Iowa is also third-lowest in the US in retention of physicians. Those are only two data points in an overall shortage of physicians in the Hawkeye State, which was the subject of the latest Gazette Business Breakfast earlier this week. 

Two days later, Iowa earned the infamous distinction of being the first state in the U.S. to shrink its civil rights ordinance by removing gender identity from protection. The action was justified by the legislature's earlier attempts at punishing transgendered people being struck down by the courts as running afoul of this ordinance. Without the pesky civil rights ordinance, our government is free to take whatever potshots at transgendered people that it feels like taking. What an expression of our state's official hostility to difference!

At first glance, these are two different topics. Is it possible, though, that they are connected?

Unity Point Medical District, where your humble blogger gets his doctorin'
(Google Earth screenshot)

At the Gazette event, panelists Dr. Fadi Yacoub (Linn County Medical Society), Dr. Timothy Quinn (Mercy Medical Center), and Dr. Dustin Arnold (Unity Point Health) were interviewed by the Gazette's Zach Kucharski. They referenced two main strategies for improving Iowa's physician retention: improving the doctors' bottom lines, and incentives for Iowa students to do their medical education in Iowa.

Despite Iowa's reputation for low cost of living, Quinn noted physician salaries are not keeping up with increasing levels of medical school debt, and insurance payments relative to cost of living are are comparatively low. Arnold suggested the state should see positive effects of "tort reform," which means the legislature has capped damages for medical malpractice suits. Current legislation (HSB 191) before the Iowa legislature would offer student loan repayment programs for rural doctors, and commission a study of the effects of cutting medical school from four years to three (cf. Murphy and Barton 2025). On the other hand, would-be budget cutters in Washington are looking at Medicaid, which is "essential to medical care in Iowa" (Quinn's phrase) due to the directed payment program.

The legislature is also hoping to improve retention by keeping Iowa residents in the state, creating preferences in medical school admissions. (The University of Iowa, though, is 78 percent Iowan, already near the 80 percent target for schools.) The thought is that people who are close to family and already appreciate the wonders of Iowa will want to stay here. "We don't have pro sports, we don't have concerts, but" Iowa is a state you love, said Yacoub, noting he was "preaching to the choir here." Arnold of Unity Point added Cedar Rapids is a great place to live, "once you're here you want to stay." This may or may not be true, given the state's (not the city's) regressive political culture, but even if we retain 90 percent of Iowa-based doctors the gap between working age doctors and our aging population will continue to increase.

When we take on faith that Iowa is so great you could confuse it with heaven ("Field of Dreams" reference), it precludes serious discussion of our future. When we take on faith that the most important considerations are low taxes, we miss the thousand things that make for quality of life (some of which are paid for with taxes). I'm an urbanist, not a physician, and tend to see things through an urbanist lens. As such I'm probably missing important dimensions of this specific problem. But we want more physicians to move here, so we need to think about how to make it an attractive place, which means attractive for everybody.

Iowa's physician shortage exists in a national context. Quinn noted at the start medical schools nationwide have not kept up with demand, so the whole country must rely on immigration to make up the gap. (Yacoub, who came to the United States in 1989, is one example.) Later he noted the shortage of doctors extends to nurses and support staff as well. 

But it also exists amidst a sociopolitical context in our state that is becoming increasingly hostile to difference. As Richard Florida noted two decades ago, it is openness, not turning inward, that welcomes a variety of people with varieties of talents. Iowa, except for a few larger counties, is shedding population like no one's business. We have managed to combine the worst of northern weather and southern politics: Our policies and public statements are openly hostile to poor people, immigrants, the transgendered, and city dwellers, just for starters. What message does that send to anyone else who might be or feel a little different? 

The physician shortage is making working conditions for current physicians worse. As scheduling gets tighter, there is less space in a physician's life for continuing education or even lunch. I wonder how else working in Iowa might affect a physician's desire to be here? No one mentioned COVID at all, but I remember patients stacking up at hospital emergency rooms at the same time (early 2021) Governor Kim Reynolds was declaring the pandemic over. Evidence of the negative health effects of data centers (Criddle and Stacey 2025) and corn sweeteners is accumulating, but they are the darlings of our economic plans. Meanwhile, Iowa has the fastest-growing cancer rate in the country. It can't be easy to practice medicine in an environment that consistently chooses corporate bottom lines over public health, and hostility to vulnerable minorities over building prosperous and inclusive communities.

I can't say with any precision whether Iowa's official penchant for nostalgia and resentment is exacerbating our shortage of physicians. Some early-career physicians may prefer the Politics of Yesterday, while others may be indifferent. But overall it is unlikely to lure the talent we need.

SEE ALSO: "Iowa: You're on the Menu," 9 May 2023

Iowa and the vision thing

Brenna Bird, Iowa Attorney General

Iowa's legislative session ended this week, and there's not much to say about its efforts that I didn't say last year. In year eight of unified Republican control of state government, the legislative accomplishments (working off the lists in Opsahl 2024 and Sostaric 2024) again were a mix of punitive actions towards unfavored groups...

• funding cuts to the nine regional Area Education Agencies, though without the wholesale gutting advocated by Governor Kim Reynolds
• cracking down on foreign land ownership
• repealing gender balance requirements for voluntary boards
• tighter label requirements for vegan options to meat and eggs, prohibiting their purchase with SNAP or WIC funds
• criminal penalties and deportation (to where?) for illegal immigrants
• barring diversity-equity-inclusion programs at state universities 
• lowering the income eligibility limit for Medicaid
  

...and favors for the favored.

• qualified immunity for armed school personnel, in hopes of overcoming insurance industry objections to the arming
• less inspection for hotels and motels
  
• lowering the legal standard for religious exemptions from state laws (actually a good bill, but in the current climate likely to be used primarily to discriminate)
• limiting local regulation of stormwater and topsoil
• a social studies curriculum that emphasizes cheerleading and de-emphasizes critical understanding
• proposed constitutional amendments calling for a flat state income tax and requiring supermajorities to increase taxes (translation: tax cuts for the rich, fewer public services for everyone else)
  
• restrictions on local governments' use of traffic cameras (we only disapprove of lawbreaking when we aren't the ones doing it)
  

There was good stuff, too: expanded work-based learning, attention to the new and creepy problem of deepfake nudes, and higher teacher salaries, though where they find the money for the salaries while slashing taxes is anybody's guess. (For the impact of revenue cuts on Iowa City schools, see King 2024.)

But while I'm glad to see the legislature go home, I'd say the poster children for Iowa's medieval attitude towards anyone who can't keep up are in the executive branch. Governor Kim Reynolds declined state participation in a federal summer meals program for poor children in order, she said, to fight childhood obesity. Attorney General Brenna Bird continues suspension of a state program providing Plan B birth control (Rappard 2023), and in some cases abortions, to rape victims. Her office is investigating the program, they say. What are they finding? They won't say. When will their investigation, now well into year two, conclude? They won't say. As with COVID, our government has other things on its mind than helping people in trouble. If it can't be solved with a tax cut or a gun, we got nothing for you.

Expect more stories like this: Algona Public Library faces possible closures

Whatever you think of this blog, I'm a better writer than I am a politician. While I complain, with ever-increasing erudition, Republican legislative majorities grow and executive branch members return with ever-larger electoral margins. So they have definitely found the formula that pleases the people of Iowa.

So, all congratulations to the election winners and their interest group allies. I am left wondering what is the plan for the future of this state? Perhaps our ever-lowering taxes and light regulatory touch on favored businesses will bring the world to our state, but so far they have not done that.

Iowa is part of a slow-growing region, the Upper Midwest. Our 2023 population estimate was 3,207,004, up 0.52 percent from the 2020 Census, about half the rate of the country as a whole, and up 5.27 percent from 2010 compared to 8.48 nationally. While for most of the 21st century Iowa's population growth has been concentrated in a few urban counties, the 2020-23 county-level data have a mixed message: Polk (Des Moines) and Johnson (University of Iowa) are found among the fastest growing counties, but Story (Iowa State University) added only 33 people, and Linn (Cedar Rapids) is down 0.5 percent. Overall, 31 counties increased in population, with 68 decreasing, though some changes were of trivial magnitude: Cass County lost four people, while Allamakee County gained ten. 

The biggest gains and losses since the 2020 Census:

COUNTY	2023 POP	2020-23 CHG	COUNTY	2023 POP	2020-23 CHG
Dallas	111,092	+11.39%	Henry	19,547	-4.56%
Warren	55,205	+5.36%	Adams	3,544	-4.40%
Lyon	12,324	+3.25%	Osceola	5,978	-3.44%
Johnson	157,528	+3.05%	Crawford	16,013	-3.06%
Polk	505,255	+2.61%	Monona	8.493	-2.97%
Madison	16,971	+2.57%	Lee	32,565	-2.96%
Dickinson	18,056	+1.99%	Chickasaw	11,658	-2.94%
Lucas	8,747	+1.32%	Louisa	10,513	-2.93%
Bremer	25,307	+1.27%	Kossuth	14,396	-2.90%
Jones	20,900	+1.24%	Hardin	16,463	-2.46%

(Calculations by author from U.S. Census Bureau data.)

Despite the mix of stories in the data, five of the ten fastest growing counties are near Des Moines, with two in the northwest corner Iowa Great Lakes area; the others are Johnson, Jones (near Cedar Rapids), and Bremer (near Waterloo and Cedar Falls). None of the ten fastest shrinking counties contain large cities, though Lee County--which briefly had major league baseball in 1871, and peaked in population in 1960--is home to Ft. Madison and Keokuk. Population losses are found all over the state, with clusters in the west central and southeast sections. Osceola, Chickasaw, and Louisa are actually located adjacent to fast-growing counties.

Nationally, large metro areas took some hits during the pandemic, but they have recovered their growth trajectory (see Frey 2024). Pete Saunders (2024) argues this was just a matter of time, as cities increasingly have the economic and social infrastructure that appeals to today's global movers and shakers.... But, in a nation with falling birth rates, and an increasing reliance on international immigration to fuel economic as well as population growth, what does this mean for smaller metros and even smaller non-metro places?

So what's the strategy here, Iowa, if there is one? The legislature will be back in 2025, with plans to resume consideration of bills limiting the legal liability of pesticide manufacturers, make early voting more difficult, ban local police review boards, and deny legal recognition of sex changes (Sostaric 2024).

So far Iowa has managed to reap both the economic benefits of growth in smaller metros like Cedar Rapids, Des Moines, and Iowa City, and the political benefits of bashing them. Tactics may get us from election to election, but with inequality increasing, brains draining, and everything else aging. how do we get to 2049, much less 2074? Do we have anything approaching a vision for our future?

SEE ALSO

"The Age-Race Gap in Iowa," 7 August 2023

"Iowa: You're on the Menu," 9 May 2023

"Is Iowa Becoming Even More Republican?" 3 December 2022