Selenium is an umbrella project for a range of tools and libraries
that enable and support the automation of web browsers.
It provides extensions to emulate user interaction with browsers,
a distribution server for scaling browser allocation,
and the infrastructure for implementations of the
W3C WebDriver specification
that lets you write interchangeable code for all major web browsers.
This project is made possible by volunteer contributors
who have put in thousands of hours of their own time,
and made the source code
freely available
for anyone to use, enjoy, and improve.
Selenium brings together browser vendors, engineers, and enthusiasts
to further an open discussion around automation of the web platform.
The project organises an annual conference
to teach and nurture the community.
At the core of Selenium is WebDriver,
an interface to write instruction sets that can be run interchangeably in many
browsers. Once you’ve installed everything, only a few lines of code get you inside
a browser. You can find a more comprehensive example in Writing your first Selenium script
See the Overview to check the different project
components and decide if Selenium is the right tool for you.
You should continue on to Getting Started
to understand how you can install Selenium and successfully use it as a test
automation tool, and scaling simple tests like this to run in large, distributed
environments on multiple browsers, on several different operating systems.
1 - Selenium Overview
Is Selenium for you? See an overview of the different project components.
Selenium is not just one tool or API;
it comprises many tools.
WebDriver
If you are beginning with desktop website or mobile website test automation, then you
are going to be using WebDriver APIs. WebDriver
uses browser automation APIs provided by browser vendors to control the browser and
run tests. This is as if a real user is operating the browser. Since
WebDriver does not require its API to be compiled with application
code, it is not intrusive. Hence, you are testing the
same application which you push live.
IDE
IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
is the tool you use to develop your Selenium test cases. It’s an easy-to-use Chrome
and Firefox extension and is generally the most efficient way to develop
test cases. It records the users’ actions in the browser for you, using
existing Selenium commands, with parameters defined by the context of
that element. This is not only a time-saver but also an excellent way
of learning Selenium script syntax.
Grid
Selenium Grid allows you to run test cases in different
machines across different platforms. The control of
triggering the test cases is on the local end, and
when the test cases are triggered, they are automatically
executed by the remote end.
After the development of the WebDriver tests, you may face
the need to run your tests on multiple browsers and
operating system combinations.
This is where Grid comes into the picture.
1.1 - Selenium components
Building a test suite using WebDriver will require you to understand and
effectively use several components. As with everything in
software, different people use different terms for the same idea. Below is
a breakdown of how terms are used in this description.
Terminology
API: Application Programming Interface. This is the set of “commands”
you use to manipulate WebDriver.
Library: A code module that contains the APIs and the code necessary
to implement them. Libraries are specific to each language binding, eg .jar
files for Java, .dll files for .NET, etc.
Driver: Responsible for controlling the actual browser. Most drivers
are created by the browser vendors themselves. Drivers are generally
executable modules that run on the system with the browser itself,
not the system executing the test suite. (Although those may be the
same system.) NOTE: Some people refer to the drivers as proxies.
Framework: An additional library that is used as a support for WebDriver
suites. These frameworks may be test frameworks such as JUnit or NUnit.
They may also be frameworks supporting natural language features such
as Cucumber or Robot Framework. Frameworks may also be written and used for
tasks such as manipulating or configuring the system under test, data
creation, test oracles, etc.
The Parts and Pieces
At its minimum, WebDriver talks to a browser through a driver. Communication
is two-way: WebDriver passes commands to the browser through the driver, and
receives information back via the same route.
The driver is specific to the browser, such as ChromeDriver for Google’s
Chrome/Chromium, GeckoDriver for Mozilla’s Firefox, etc. The driver runs on
the same system as the browser. This may or may not be the same system where
the tests themselves are executed.
This simple example above is direct communication. Communication to the
browser may also be remote communication through Selenium Server or
RemoteWebDriver. RemoteWebDriver runs on the same system as the driver
and the browser.
Remote communication can also take place using Selenium Server or Selenium
Grid, both of which in turn talk to the driver on the host system
Where Frameworks fit in
WebDriver has one job and one job only: communicate with the browser via any
of the methods above. WebDriver does not know a thing about testing: it does not
know how to compare things, assert pass or fail, and it certainly does not know
a thing about reporting or Given/When/Then grammar.
This is where various frameworks come into play. At a minimum, you will need a
test framework that matches the language bindings, e.g., NUnit for .NET, JUnit
for Java, RSpec for Ruby, etc.
The test framework is responsible for running and executing your WebDriver
and related steps in your tests. As such, you can think of it looking akin
to the following image.
Natural language frameworks/tools such as Cucumber may exist as part of that
Test Framework box in the figure above, or they may wrap the Test Framework
entirely in their custom implementation.
1.2 - A deeper look at Selenium
Selenium is an umbrella project for a range of tools and libraries that enable and support the automation of web browsers.
Selenium controls web browsers
Selenium is many things
but at its core, it is a toolset for web browser automation
that uses the best techniques available
to remotely control browser instances
and emulate a user’s interaction with the browser.
Selenium allows users to simulate common activities performed by end-users;
entering text into fields,
selecting drop-down values and checking boxes,
and clicking links in documents.
It also provides many other controls such as mouse movement,
arbitrary JavaScript execution, and much more.
Although used primarily for front-end testing of websites,
Selenium is, at its core, a browser user agent library.
The interfaces are ubiquitous to their application,
encouraging composition with other libraries to suit your purpose.
One interface to rule them all
One of the project’s guiding principles
is to support a common interface for all (major) browser technologies.
Web browsers are incredibly complex, highly engineered applications,
performing their operations in entirely different ways
but which frequently look the same while doing so.
Even though the text is rendered in the same fonts,
the images are displayed in the same place,
and the links take you to the same destination.
What is happening underneath is as different as night and day.
Selenium “abstracts” these differences,
hiding their details and intricacies from the person writing the code.
This allows you to write several lines of code to perform a complicated workflow,
but these same lines will execute on Firefox,
Internet Explorer, Chrome, and all other supported browsers.
Tools and support
Selenium’s minimalist design approach gives it the
versatility to be included as a component in bigger applications.
The surrounding infrastructure provided under the Selenium umbrella
gives you the tools to put together
your grid of browsers
so tests can be run on different browsers and multiple operating systems
across a range of machines.
Imagine a bank of computers in your server room or data center
all firing up browsers at the same time
hitting your site’s links, forms,
and tables—testing your application 24 hours a day.
Through the simple programming interface
provided for the most common languages,
these tests will run tirelessly in parallel,
reporting back to you when errors occur.
It is an aim to help make this a reality for you,
by providing users with tools and documentation to not only control browsers
but to make it easy to scale and deploy such grids.
Who uses Selenium
Many of the most important companies in the world
have adopted Selenium for their browser-based testing,
often replacing years-long efforts involving other proprietary tools.
As it has grown in popularity, so have its requirements and challenges multiplied.
As the web becomes more complicated
and new technologies are added to websites,
it’s the mission of this project to keep up with them where possible.
Being an open-source project,
this support is provided through the generous donation of time from many volunteers,
every one of which has a “day job.”
Another mission of the project is to encourage
more volunteers to partake in this effort,
and build a strong community
so that the project can continue to keep up with emerging technologies
and remain a dominant platform for functional test automation.
2 - WebDriver
WebDriver drives a browser natively; learn more about it.
WebDriver drives a browser natively, as a user would, either locally
or on a remote machine using the Selenium server.
It marks a leap forward in terms of browser automation.
Selenium WebDriver refers to both the language bindings
and the implementations of the individual browser controlling code.
This is commonly referred to as just WebDriver.
WebDriver is designed as a simple
and more concise programming interface.
WebDriver is a compact object-oriented API.
It drives the browser effectively.
2.1 - Getting started
If you are new to Selenium, we have a few resources that can help you get up to speed right away.
Selenium supports automation of all the major browsers in the market
through the use of WebDriver.
WebDriver is an API and protocol that defines a language-neutral interface
for controlling the behaviour of web browsers.
Each browser is backed by a specific WebDriver implementation, called a driver.
The driver is the component responsible for delegating down to the browser,
and handles communication to and from Selenium and the browser.
This separation is part of a conscious effort to have browser vendors
take responsibility for the implementation for their browsers.
Selenium makes use of these third party drivers where possible,
but also provides its own drivers maintained by the project
for the cases when this is not a reality.
The Selenium framework ties all of these pieces together
through a user-facing interface that enables the different browser backends
to be used transparently,
enabling cross-browser and cross-platform automation.
Selenium setup is quite different from the setup of other commercial tools.
Before you can start writing Selenium code, you have to
install the language bindings libraries for your language of choice, the browser you
want to use, and the driver for that browser.
Follow the links below to get up and going with Selenium WebDriver.
If you wish to start with a low-code/record and playback tool, please check
Selenium IDE
Once you get things working, if you want to scale up your tests, check out the
Selenium Grid.
2.1.1 - Install a Selenium library
Setting up the Selenium library for your favourite programming language.
First you need to install the Selenium bindings for your automation project.
The installation process for libraries depends on the language you choose to use.
Make sure you check the Selenium downloads page to make sure
you are using the latest version.
Further items of note for using Visual Studio Code (vscode) and C#
Install the compatible .NET SDK as per the section above.
Also install the vscode extensions (Ctrl-Shift-X) for C# and NuGet.
Follow the instruction here
to create and run the “Hello World” console project using C#.
You may also create a NUnit starter project using the command line dotnet new NUnit.
Make sure the file %appdata%\NuGet\nuget.config is configured properly as some developers reported that it will be empty due to some issues.
If nuget.config is empty, or not configured properly, then .NET builds will fail for Selenium Projects.
Add the following section to the file nuget.config if it is empty:
For more info about nuget.configclick here.
You may have to customize nuget.config to meet you needs.
Now, go back to vscode, press Ctrl-Shift-P, and type “NuGet Add Package”, and enter the required Selenium packages such as Selenium.WebDriver.
Press Enter and select the version.
Now you can use the examples in the documentation related to C# with vscode.
You can see the minimum required version of Ruby for any given Selenium version
on rubygems.org
Everything Selenium does is send the browser commands to do something or send requests for information.
Most of what you’ll do with Selenium is a combination of these basic commands
Click on the link to “View full example on GitHub” to see the code in context.
1. Start the session
For more details on starting a session read our documentation on driver sessions
Synchronizing the code with the current state of the browser is one of the biggest challenges
with Selenium, and doing it well is an advanced topic.
Essentially you want to make sure that the element is on the page before you attempt to locate it
and the element is in an interactable state before you attempt to interact with it.
An implicit wait is rarely the best solution, but it’s the easiest to demonstrate here, so
we’ll use it as a placeholder.
This ends the driver process, which by default closes the browser as well.
No more commands can be sent to this driver instance.
See Quitting Sessions.
# Running Selenium Java Tests
The following steps will guide you on how to
run Selenium Java tests using a repository
of `SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io` examples.
## Initial Setup
### Prerequisites
Ensure that Java Development Kit (JDK) and Maven
are installed on your system. If they are not installed,
you will need to download and install them. You can
find detailed installation guides for both on their
respective official sites.
### Clone the repository
First, we need to get the Selenium Java examples
on your local machine. This can be done by
cloning the `SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io` Git repository.
Run the following command in your terminal:
```bash
git clone https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io.git
```## Navigate to the java directory
After cloning the repository, navigate into the
directory where the Selenium Java examples are
located. Run the following command:
```bash
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/java
```## Running the Tests
### Install dependencies
Before running the tests, we need to install all
necessary dependencies. Maven, a software
project management tool, can do this for us.
Run the following command:
```bash
mvn test-compile
```### Run all tests
To verify if everything is installed correctly and
functioning properly, we should run all
available tests. This can be done with the following command:
```bash
mvn test```Please be patient! If this is your first time running these tests,
it might take a while to download and verify all necessary browser drivers.
## Execute a specific example
To run a specific Selenium Java example, use the following command:
```bash
mvn exec:java -D"exec.mainClass"="dev.selenium.getting_started.FirstScript" -D"exec.classpathScope"=test```Make sure to replace `dev.selenium.getting_started.FirstScript` with the path and name of the example you want to run.
# Running tests from Selenium Python examples
#### 1. Clone this repository
```
git clone https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io.git
```#### 2. Navigate to `python` directory
```
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/python
```#### 3. Create a virtual environment
- On Windows:
```
py -m venv venv
venv\Scripts\activate
```- On Linux/Mac:
```
python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate
```#### 4. Install dependencies:
```
pip install -r requirements.txt
```> for help, see: https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/tutorials/installing-packages
#### 5. Run tests
- Run all tests with the default Python interpreter:
```
pytest
```- Run all tests with every installed/supported Python interpreter:
```
tox
```> Please have some patience - If you are doing it for the first time, it will take a little while to download the browser drivers
- Run a specific example:
```
pytest path/to/test_script.py
```> Make sure to replace `path/to/test_script.py` with the path and name of the example you want to run
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/dotnet
dotnet run HelloSelenium.cs
# Running Selenium .NET (C#) Tests
The following steps will guide you on how to
run Selenium .NET (C#) tests using the examples
from the `SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io` repository.
## Initial Setup
### Prerequisites
Ensure you have the following installed:
- [.NET SDK (8.0 or later)](https://dotnet.microsoft.com/en-us/download) to run the test suite;
10.0 or later if you want to run `HelloSelenium.cs` directly (see
[Execute a single script](#execute-a-single-script))
- An IDE like [Visual Studio](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/) or [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/)
- [.NET CLI tools](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/tools/)
### Clone the repository
Clone the Selenium documentation repository to your local machine:
```bash
git clone https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io.git
```## Execute a single script
`HelloSelenium.cs` is a standalone script (not part of the `SeleniumDocs` test
project) that follows the first script example. Requires the .NET 10 SDK or
later for [file-based apps](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/whats-new/dotnet-10/overview#file-based-apps).
```bash
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/dotnet
dotnet run HelloSelenium.cs
```## Navigate to the .NET directory
### Change into the .NET examples directory:
```bash
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs
```## Running the Tests
### Restore dependencies
Install necessary dependencies using the .NET CLI:
```bash
dotnet restore
```### Run all tests
To run all available tests:
```bash
dotnet test```### Run a Specific Test Method
To run a specific test method using its fully qualified name:
```bash
dotnet test --filter "FullyQualifiedName=Namespace.ClassName.MethodName"```For example:
```bash
dotnet test --filter "FullyQualifiedName=SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted.UsingSeleniumTest.EightComponents"```You can also filter by test name only (if it's unique):
```bash
dotnet test --filter "Name=EightComponents"```
# Running all tests from Selenium ruby example
Follow these steps to run all test example from selenium ruby
1. Clone this repository
```
git clone https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io.git
```2. Navigate to `ruby` directory
```
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/ruby
```3. Install dependencies using bundler
```
bundler install
```4. Run all tests
```
bundle exec rspec
```> Please keep some patience - If you are doing it for the first time, it will take a little while to verify and download the browser drivers
# Execute a ruby script
Use this command to run a ruby script and follow the first script example
```
ruby example_script.rb
```
# Running all tests from Selenium javascript example
Follow these steps to run all test example from selenium javascript
1. Clone this repository
```
git clone https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io.git
```2. Navigate to `javascript` directory
```
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/javascript
```3. Install dependencies using node
```
npm install
```4. Run all all tests
```
npm test
```> Please keep some patience - If you are doing it for the first time, it will take a little while to verify and download the browser drivers
# Execute a javascript test
Use this command to run a JavaScript and follow the first script example
```
node example_script.spec.js
```
mvn -Dtest=dev.selenium.getting_started.FirstScriptTest test
# Running all tests from Selenium kotlin example
Follow these steps to run all test examples from selenium kotlin
1. Clone this repository
```
git clone https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io.git
```2. Navigate to `kotlin` directory
```
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/kotlin
```3. Install dependencies (using maven)
```
mvn clean install
```4. Run all tests
```
mvn test
```> or to run all tests in a specific class you can run `mvn -Dtest=classname test`
## Run a single Kotlin example
Run only the first script example test:
```
mvn -Dtest=dev.selenium.getting_started.FirstScriptTest test
```
Next Steps
Most Selenium users execute many sessions and need to organize them to minimize duplication and keep the code
more maintainable. Read on to learn about how to put this code into context for your use case with
Using Selenium.
2.1.3 - Organizing and Executing Selenium Code
Scaling Selenium execution with an IDE and a Test Runner library
Content Help
Note: This section needs additional and/or updated content
This page is very incomplete and has placeholders for things that need to be added or expounded on.
If you want to run more than a handful of one-off scripts, you need to
be able to organize and work with your code. This page should give you
ideas for how to actually do productive things with your Selenium code.
Common Uses
Most people use Selenium to execute automated tests for web applications,
but Selenium supports any use case of browser automation.
Repetitive Tasks
Perhaps you need to log into a website and download something, or submit a form.
You can create a Selenium script to run with a service at preset times.
Web Scraping
Are you looking to collect data from a site that doesn’t have an API? Selenium
will let you do this, but please make sure you are familiar with the website’s
terms of service as some websites do not permit it and others will even block Selenium.
Testing
Running Selenium for testing requires making assertions on actions taken by Selenium.
So a good assertion library is required. Additional features to provide structure for tests
require use of Test Runner.
IDEs
Regardless of how you use Selenium code,
you won’t be very effective writing or executing it without a good
Integrated Developer Environment. Here are some common options…
Even if you aren’t using Selenium for testing, if you have advanced use cases, it might make
sense to use a test runner to better organize your code. Being able to use before/after hooks
and run things in groups or in parallel can be very useful.
Choosing
There are many different test runners available.
All the code examples in this documentation can be found in (or is being moved to) our
example directories that use test runners and get executed every release to ensure all the code is correct and updated.
Here is a list of test runners with links. The first item is the one that is used by this repository and the one
that will be used for all examples on this page.
JUnit - A widely-used testing framework for Java-based Selenium tests.
TestNG - Offers extra features like parallel test execution and parameterized tests.
pytest - A preferred choice for many, thanks to its simplicity and powerful plugins.
unittest - Python’s standard library testing framework.
NUnit - A popular unit-testing framework for .NET.
RSpec - The most widely used testing library for running Selenium tests in Ruby.
Minitest - A lightweight testing framework that comes with Ruby standard library.
Jest - Primarily known as a testing framework for React, it can also be used for Selenium tests.
Mocha - The most common JS library for running Selenium tests.
Kotest - A flexible and comprehensive testing framework specifically designed for Kotlin.
JUnit5 - The standard Java testing framework, fully compatible with Kotlin.
Installing
This is very similar to what was required in Install a Selenium Library.
This code is only showing examples for what is being used in our Documentation Examples project.
Maven
Gradle
To use it in a project, add it to the requirements.txt file:
in the project’s csproj file, specify the dependency as a PackageReference in ItemGroup:
Add to project’s gemfile
In your project’s package.json, add requirement to dependencies:
# frozen_string_literal: truerequire'selenium-webdriver'require'selenium/webdriver/support/guards'RSpec.configuredo|config|# Enable flags like --only-failures and --next-failureconfig.example_status_persistence_file_path='.rspec_status'# Disable RSpec exposing methods globally on `Module` and `main`config.disable_monkey_patching!Dir.mktmpdir('tmp')config.example_status_persistence_file_path='tmp/examples.txt'config.expect_with:rspecdo|c|c.syntax=:expectendconfig.beforedo|example|bug_tracker='https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/issues'guards=Selenium::WebDriver::Support::Guards.new(example,bug_tracker:bug_tracker)guards.add_condition(:platform,Selenium::WebDriver::Platform.os)guards.add_condition(:ci,Selenium::WebDriver::Platform.ci)results=guards.dispositionsend(*results)ifresultsendconfig.after{@driver&.quit}defstart_sessionoptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome::Options.newoptions.add_argument('disable-search-engine-choice-screen')options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')@driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome,options:options)enddefstart_bidi_sessionoptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome::Options.new(web_socket_url:true)@driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsenddefstart_firefoxoptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.firefox(timeouts:{implicit:1500})@driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:firefox,options:optionsendend
# Running tests from Selenium Python examples
#### 1. Clone this repository
```
git clone https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io.git
```#### 2. Navigate to `python` directory
```
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/python
```#### 3. Create a virtual environment
- On Windows:
```
py -m venv venv
venv\Scripts\activate
```- On Linux/Mac:
```
python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate
```#### 4. Install dependencies:
```
pip install -r requirements.txt
```> for help, see: https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/tutorials/installing-packages
#### 5. Run tests
- Run all tests with the default Python interpreter:
```
pytest
```- Run all tests with every installed/supported Python interpreter:
```
tox
```> Please have some patience - If you are doing it for the first time, it will take a little while to download the browser drivers
- Run a specific example:
```
pytest path/to/test_script.py
```> Make sure to replace `path/to/test_script.py` with the path and name of the example you want to run
# Running Selenium .NET (C#) Tests
The following steps will guide you on how to
run Selenium .NET (C#) tests using the examples
from the `SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io` repository.
## Initial Setup
### Prerequisites
Ensure you have the following installed:
- [.NET SDK (8.0 or later)](https://dotnet.microsoft.com/en-us/download) to run the test suite;
10.0 or later if you want to run `HelloSelenium.cs` directly (see
[Execute a single script](#execute-a-single-script))
- An IDE like [Visual Studio](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/) or [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/)
- [.NET CLI tools](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/tools/)
### Clone the repository
Clone the Selenium documentation repository to your local machine:
```bash
git clone https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io.git
```## Execute a single script
`HelloSelenium.cs` is a standalone script (not part of the `SeleniumDocs` test
project) that follows the first script example. Requires the .NET 10 SDK or
later for [file-based apps](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/whats-new/dotnet-10/overview#file-based-apps).
```bash
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/dotnet
dotnet run HelloSelenium.cs
```## Navigate to the .NET directory
### Change into the .NET examples directory:
```bash
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs
```## Running the Tests
### Restore dependencies
Install necessary dependencies using the .NET CLI:
```bash
dotnet restore
```### Run all tests
To run all available tests:
```bash
dotnet test```### Run a Specific Test Method
To run a specific test method using its fully qualified name:
```bash
dotnet test --filter "FullyQualifiedName=Namespace.ClassName.MethodName"```For example:
```bash
dotnet test --filter "FullyQualifiedName=SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted.UsingSeleniumTest.EightComponents"```You can also filter by test name only (if it's unique):
```bash
dotnet test --filter "Name=EightComponents"```
# Running all tests from Selenium ruby example
Follow these steps to run all test example from selenium ruby
1. Clone this repository
```
git clone https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io.git
```2. Navigate to `ruby` directory
```
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/ruby
```3. Install dependencies using bundler
```
bundler install
```4. Run all tests
```
bundle exec rspec
```> Please keep some patience - If you are doing it for the first time, it will take a little while to verify and download the browser drivers
# Execute a ruby script
Use this command to run a ruby script and follow the first script example
```
ruby example_script.rb
```
packagedev.selenium.drivers;importdev.selenium.BaseTest;importjava.time.Duration;importjava.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;importorg.junit.jupiter.api.Test;importorg.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;importorg.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy;importorg.openqa.selenium.UnexpectedAlertBehaviour;importorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;importorg.openqa.selenium.remote.CapabilityType;importorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;publicclassOptionsTestextendsBaseTest{@TestpublicvoidsetPageLoadStrategyNormal(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{// Navigate to Urldriver.get("https://selenium.dev");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetPageLoadStrategyEager(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{// Navigate to Urldriver.get("https://selenium.dev");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetPageLoadStrategyNone(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{// Navigate to Urldriver.get("https://selenium.dev");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetAcceptInsecureCerts(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{// Navigate to Urldriver.get("https://selenium.dev");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidgetBrowserName(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Stringname=chromeOptions.getBrowserName();Assertions.assertFalse(name.isEmpty(),"Browser name should not be empty");}@TestpublicvoidsetBrowserVersion(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Stringversion="latest";chromeOptions.setBrowserVersion(version);Assertions.assertEquals(version,chromeOptions.getBrowserVersion());}@TestpublicvoidsetPlatformName(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Stringplatform="OS X 10.6";chromeOptions.setPlatformName(platform);Assertions.assertEquals(platform,chromeOptions.getPlatformName().toString());}@TestpublicvoidsetScriptTimeout(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Durationduration=Duration.of(5,ChronoUnit.SECONDS);chromeOptions.setScriptTimeout(duration);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{Durationtimeout=driver.manage().timeouts().getScriptTimeout();Assertions.assertEquals(timeout,duration,"The script timeout should be set to 5 seconds.");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetPageLoadTimeout(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Durationduration=Duration.of(5,ChronoUnit.SECONDS);chromeOptions.setPageLoadTimeout(duration);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{Durationtimeout=driver.manage().timeouts().getPageLoadTimeout();Assertions.assertEquals(timeout,duration,"The page load timeout should be set to 5 seconds.");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetImplicitWaitTimeout(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Durationduration=Duration.of(5,ChronoUnit.SECONDS);chromeOptions.setImplicitWaitTimeout(duration);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{Durationtimeout=driver.manage().timeouts().getImplicitWaitTimeout();Assertions.assertEquals(timeout,duration,"The implicit wait timeout should be set to 5 seconds.");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetUnhandledPromptBehaviour(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setUnhandledPromptBehaviour(UnexpectedAlertBehaviour.DISMISS_AND_NOTIFY);//verify the capability object is not nullObjectcapabilityObject=chromeOptions.getCapability(CapabilityType.UNHANDLED_PROMPT_BEHAVIOUR);Assertions.assertNotNull(capabilityObject,"Capability UNHANDLED_PROMPT_BEHAVIOUR should not be null.");Assertions.assertEquals(capabilityObject.toString(),UnexpectedAlertBehaviour.DISMISS_AND_NOTIFY.toString());}@TestpublicvoidsetWindowRect(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setCapability(CapabilityType.SET_WINDOW_RECT,true);//verify the capability object is not nullObjectcapabilityObject=chromeOptions.getCapability(CapabilityType.SET_WINDOW_RECT);Assertions.assertNotNull(capabilityObject,"Capability SET_WINDOW_RECT should not be null.");Booleancapability=(Boolean)capabilityObject;Assertions.assertTrue(capability,"The capability SET_WINDOW_RECT should be set to true.");}@TestpublicvoidsetStrictFileInteractability(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setCapability(CapabilityType.STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY,true);//verify the capability object is not nullObjectcapabilityObject=chromeOptions.getCapability(CapabilityType.STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY);Assertions.assertNotNull(capabilityObject,"Capability STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY should not be null.");Booleancapability=(Boolean)capabilityObject;Assertions.assertTrue(capability,"The capability STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY should be set to true.");}}
fromseleniumimportwebdriverfromselenium.webdriver.common.proxyimportProxyfromselenium.webdriver.common.proxyimportProxyTypedeftest_page_load_strategy_normal():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.page_load_strategy='normal'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_page_load_strategy_eager():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.page_load_strategy='eager'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_page_load_strategy_none():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.page_load_strategy='none'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_timeouts_script():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.timeouts={'script':5000}driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_timeouts_page_load():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.timeouts={'pageLoad':5000}driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_timeouts_implicit_wait():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.timeouts={'implicit':5000}driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_unhandled_prompt():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.unhandled_prompt_behavior='accept'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_set_window_rect():options=webdriver.FirefoxOptions()options.set_window_rect=True# Full support in Firefoxdriver=webdriver.Firefox(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_strict_file_interactability():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.strict_file_interactability=Truedriver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_proxy():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.proxy=Proxy({'proxyType':ProxyType.MANUAL,'httpProxy':'http.proxy:1234'})driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_set_browser_name():options=get_default_chrome_options()assertoptions.capabilities['browserName']=='chrome'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_set_browser_version():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.browser_version='stable'assertoptions.capabilities['browserVersion']=='stable'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_platform_name():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.platform_name='any'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_accept_insecure_certs():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.accept_insecure_certs=Truedriver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()defget_default_chrome_options():options=webdriver.ChromeOptions()options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")returnoptions
usingSystem;usingSystem.Diagnostics;usingSystem.IO;usingSystem.Net;usingSystem.Net.Http;usingSystem.Net.Sockets;usingSystem.Runtime.InteropServices;usingSystem.Threading.Tasks;usingMicrosoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;usingOpenQA.Selenium;usingOpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;namespaceSeleniumDocs{publicclassBaseTest{protectedIWebDriverdriver;protectedUriGridUrl;privateProcess_webserverProcess;privateconststringServerJarName="selenium-server-4.46.0.jar";privatestaticreadonlystringBaseDirectory=AppContext.BaseDirectory;privateconststringRelativePathToGrid="../../../../../";privatereadonlystring_examplesDirectory=Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(BaseDirectory,RelativePathToGrid)); [TestCleanup]publicvoidCleanup(){driver?.Quit();if(_webserverProcess!=null){StopServer();}}protectedvoidStartDriver(stringbrowserVersion=null){ChromeOptionsoptions=newChromeOptions();options.UseWebSocketUrl=true;if(browserVersion!=null){options.BrowserVersion=browserVersion;stringuserDataDir=System.IO.Path.Combine(System.IO.Path.GetTempPath(),System.IO.Path.GetRandomFileName());System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(userDataDir);options.AddArgument($"--user-data-dir={userDataDir}");options.AddArgument("--no-sandbox");options.AddArgument("--disable-dev-shm-usage");}driver=newChromeDriver(options);}protectedasyncTaskStartServer(){if(_webserverProcess==null||_webserverProcess.HasExited){_webserverProcess=newProcess();_webserverProcess.StartInfo.FileName=RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows)?"java.exe":"java";stringport=GetFreeTcpPort().ToString();GridUrl=newUri("http://localhost:"+port+"/wd/hub");_webserverProcess.StartInfo.Arguments=" -jar "+ServerJarName+" standalone --port "+port+" --selenium-manager true --enable-managed-downloads true";_webserverProcess.StartInfo.WorkingDirectory=_examplesDirectory;_webserverProcess.Start();awaitEnsureGridIsRunningAsync();}}privatevoidStopServer(){if(_webserverProcess!=null&&!_webserverProcess.HasExited){_webserverProcess.Kill();_webserverProcess.Dispose();_webserverProcess=null;}}privatestaticintGetFreeTcpPort(){TcpListenerl=newTcpListener(IPAddress.Loopback,0);l.Start();intport=((IPEndPoint)l.LocalEndpoint).Port;l.Stop();returnport;}privateasyncTaskEnsureGridIsRunningAsync(){DateTimetimeout=DateTime.Now.Add(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(240));boolisRunning=false;HttpClientclient=newHttpClient();while(!isRunning&&DateTime.Now<timeout){try{HttpResponseMessageresponse=awaitclient.GetAsync(GridUrl+"/status");if(response.IsSuccessStatusCode){isRunning=true;}else{awaitTask.Delay(1000);}}catch(HttpRequestException){awaitTask.Delay(1000);}}if(!isRunning){thrownewTimeoutException("Could not confirm the remote selenium server is running within 30 seconds");}}}}
# frozen_string_literal: truerequire'spec_helper'RSpec.describe'Chrome'dodescribe'Driver Options'dolet(:chrome_location){driver_finder&&ENV.fetch('CHROME_BIN',nil)}let(:url){'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/'}it'page load strategy normal'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.page_load_strategy=:normaldriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'page load strategy eager'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.page_load_strategy=:eagerdriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'page load strategy none'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.page_load_strategy=:nonedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets remote capabilities',skip:'this is example code that will not execute'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.firefoxoptions.platform_name='Windows 10'options.browser_version='latest'cloud_options={}cloud_options[:build]=my_test_buildcloud_options[:name]=my_test_nameoptions.add_option('cloud:options',cloud_options)driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:remote,capabilities:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'accepts untrusted certificates'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.accept_insecure_certs=truedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets unhandled prompt behavior'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.unhandled_prompt_behavior=:acceptdriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets window rect'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.firefoxoptions.set_window_rect=truedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:firefox,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets strict file interactability'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.strict_file_interactability=truedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets the proxy'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.proxy=Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http:'myproxy.com:8080')driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets the implicit timeout'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.timeouts={implicit:1}driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets the page load timeout'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.timeouts={page_load:400_000}driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets the script timeout'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.timeouts={script:40_000}driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets capabilities in the pre-selenium 4 way',skip:'this is example code that will not execute'docaps=Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.firefoxcaps[:platform]='Windows 10'caps[:version]='92'caps[:build]=my_test_buildcaps[:name]=my_test_namedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:remote,url:cloud_url,desired_capabilities:capsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendendend
The primary unique argument for starting a remote driver includes information about where to execute the code.
Read the details in the Remote Driver Section
fromseleniumimportwebdriverfromselenium.webdriver.common.proxyimportProxyfromselenium.webdriver.common.proxyimportProxyTypedeftest_page_load_strategy_normal():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.page_load_strategy='normal'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_page_load_strategy_eager():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.page_load_strategy='eager'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_page_load_strategy_none():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.page_load_strategy='none'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_timeouts_script():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.timeouts={'script':5000}driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_timeouts_page_load():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.timeouts={'pageLoad':5000}driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_timeouts_implicit_wait():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.timeouts={'implicit':5000}driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_unhandled_prompt():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.unhandled_prompt_behavior='accept'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_set_window_rect():options=webdriver.FirefoxOptions()options.set_window_rect=True# Full support in Firefoxdriver=webdriver.Firefox(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_strict_file_interactability():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.strict_file_interactability=Truedriver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_proxy():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.proxy=Proxy({'proxyType':ProxyType.MANUAL,'httpProxy':'http.proxy:1234'})driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_set_browser_name():options=get_default_chrome_options()assertoptions.capabilities['browserName']=='chrome'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_set_browser_version():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.browser_version='stable'assertoptions.capabilities['browserVersion']=='stable'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_platform_name():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.platform_name='any'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_accept_insecure_certs():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.accept_insecure_certs=Truedriver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()defget_default_chrome_options():options=webdriver.ChromeOptions()options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")returnoptions
# frozen_string_literal: truerequire'spec_helper'RSpec.describe'Chrome'dodescribe'Driver Options'dolet(:chrome_location){driver_finder&&ENV.fetch('CHROME_BIN',nil)}let(:url){'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/'}it'page load strategy normal'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.page_load_strategy=:normaldriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'page load strategy eager'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.page_load_strategy=:eagerdriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'page load strategy none'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.page_load_strategy=:nonedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets remote capabilities',skip:'this is example code that will not execute'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.firefoxoptions.platform_name='Windows 10'options.browser_version='latest'cloud_options={}cloud_options[:build]=my_test_buildcloud_options[:name]=my_test_nameoptions.add_option('cloud:options',cloud_options)driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:remote,capabilities:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'accepts untrusted certificates'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.accept_insecure_certs=truedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets unhandled prompt behavior'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.unhandled_prompt_behavior=:acceptdriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets window rect'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.firefoxoptions.set_window_rect=truedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:firefox,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets strict file interactability'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.strict_file_interactability=truedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets the proxy'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.proxy=Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http:'myproxy.com:8080')driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets the implicit timeout'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.timeouts={implicit:1}driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets the page load timeout'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.timeouts={page_load:400_000}driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets the script timeout'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.timeouts={script:40_000}driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets capabilities in the pre-selenium 4 way',skip:'this is example code that will not execute'docaps=Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.firefoxcaps[:platform]='Windows 10'caps[:version]='92'caps[:build]=my_test_buildcaps[:name]=my_test_namedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:remote,url:cloud_url,desired_capabilities:capsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendendend
In Selenium 3, capabilities were defined in a session by using Desired Capabilities classes.
As of Selenium 4, you must use the browser options classes.
For remote driver sessions, a browser options instance is required as it determines which browser will be used.
These options are described in the w3c specification for Capabilities.
Each browser has custom options that may be defined in addition to the ones defined in the specification.
browserName
Browser name is set by default when using an Options class instance.
packagedev.selenium.drivers;importdev.selenium.BaseTest;importjava.time.Duration;importjava.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;importorg.junit.jupiter.api.Test;importorg.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;importorg.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy;importorg.openqa.selenium.UnexpectedAlertBehaviour;importorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;importorg.openqa.selenium.remote.CapabilityType;importorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;publicclassOptionsTestextendsBaseTest{@TestpublicvoidsetPageLoadStrategyNormal(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{// Navigate to Urldriver.get("https://selenium.dev");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetPageLoadStrategyEager(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{// Navigate to Urldriver.get("https://selenium.dev");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetPageLoadStrategyNone(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{// Navigate to Urldriver.get("https://selenium.dev");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetAcceptInsecureCerts(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{// Navigate to Urldriver.get("https://selenium.dev");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidgetBrowserName(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Stringname=chromeOptions.getBrowserName();Assertions.assertFalse(name.isEmpty(),"Browser name should not be empty");}@TestpublicvoidsetBrowserVersion(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Stringversion="latest";chromeOptions.setBrowserVersion(version);Assertions.assertEquals(version,chromeOptions.getBrowserVersion());}@TestpublicvoidsetPlatformName(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Stringplatform="OS X 10.6";chromeOptions.setPlatformName(platform);Assertions.assertEquals(platform,chromeOptions.getPlatformName().toString());}@TestpublicvoidsetScriptTimeout(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Durationduration=Duration.of(5,ChronoUnit.SECONDS);chromeOptions.setScriptTimeout(duration);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{Durationtimeout=driver.manage().timeouts().getScriptTimeout();Assertions.assertEquals(timeout,duration,"The script timeout should be set to 5 seconds.");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetPageLoadTimeout(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Durationduration=Duration.of(5,ChronoUnit.SECONDS);chromeOptions.setPageLoadTimeout(duration);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{Durationtimeout=driver.manage().timeouts().getPageLoadTimeout();Assertions.assertEquals(timeout,duration,"The page load timeout should be set to 5 seconds.");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetImplicitWaitTimeout(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Durationduration=Duration.of(5,ChronoUnit.SECONDS);chromeOptions.setImplicitWaitTimeout(duration);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{Durationtimeout=driver.manage().timeouts().getImplicitWaitTimeout();Assertions.assertEquals(timeout,duration,"The implicit wait timeout should be set to 5 seconds.");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetUnhandledPromptBehaviour(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setUnhandledPromptBehaviour(UnexpectedAlertBehaviour.DISMISS_AND_NOTIFY);//verify the capability object is not nullObjectcapabilityObject=chromeOptions.getCapability(CapabilityType.UNHANDLED_PROMPT_BEHAVIOUR);Assertions.assertNotNull(capabilityObject,"Capability UNHANDLED_PROMPT_BEHAVIOUR should not be null.");Assertions.assertEquals(capabilityObject.toString(),UnexpectedAlertBehaviour.DISMISS_AND_NOTIFY.toString());}@TestpublicvoidsetWindowRect(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setCapability(CapabilityType.SET_WINDOW_RECT,true);//verify the capability object is not nullObjectcapabilityObject=chromeOptions.getCapability(CapabilityType.SET_WINDOW_RECT);Assertions.assertNotNull(capabilityObject,"Capability SET_WINDOW_RECT should not be null.");Booleancapability=(Boolean)capabilityObject;Assertions.assertTrue(capability,"The capability SET_WINDOW_RECT should be set to true.");}@TestpublicvoidsetStrictFileInteractability(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setCapability(CapabilityType.STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY,true);//verify the capability object is not nullObjectcapabilityObject=chromeOptions.getCapability(CapabilityType.STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY);Assertions.assertNotNull(capabilityObject,"Capability STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY should not be null.");Booleancapability=(Boolean)capabilityObject;Assertions.assertTrue(capability,"The capability STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY should be set to true.");}}
fromseleniumimportwebdriverfromselenium.webdriver.common.proxyimportProxyfromselenium.webdriver.common.proxyimportProxyTypedeftest_page_load_strategy_normal():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.page_load_strategy='normal'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_page_load_strategy_eager():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.page_load_strategy='eager'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_page_load_strategy_none():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.page_load_strategy='none'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_timeouts_script():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.timeouts={'script':5000}driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_timeouts_page_load():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.timeouts={'pageLoad':5000}driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_timeouts_implicit_wait():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.timeouts={'implicit':5000}driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_unhandled_prompt():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.unhandled_prompt_behavior='accept'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_set_window_rect():options=webdriver.FirefoxOptions()options.set_window_rect=True# Full support in Firefoxdriver=webdriver.Firefox(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_strict_file_interactability():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.strict_file_interactability=Truedriver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_proxy():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.proxy=Proxy({'proxyType':ProxyType.MANUAL,'httpProxy':'http.proxy:1234'})driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_set_browser_name():options=get_default_chrome_options()assertoptions.capabilities['browserName']=='chrome'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_set_browser_version():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.browser_version='stable'assertoptions.capabilities['browserVersion']=='stable'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_platform_name():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.platform_name='any'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_accept_insecure_certs():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.accept_insecure_certs=Truedriver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()defget_default_chrome_options():options=webdriver.ChromeOptions()options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")returnoptions
# frozen_string_literal: truerequire'spec_helper'RSpec.describe'Chrome'dodescribe'Driver Options'dolet(:chrome_location){driver_finder&&ENV.fetch('CHROME_BIN',nil)}let(:url){'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/'}it'page load strategy normal'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.page_load_strategy=:normaldriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'page load strategy eager'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.page_load_strategy=:eagerdriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'page load strategy none'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.page_load_strategy=:nonedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets remote capabilities',skip:'this is example code that will not execute'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.firefoxoptions.platform_name='Windows 10'options.browser_version='latest'cloud_options={}cloud_options[:build]=my_test_buildcloud_options[:name]=my_test_nameoptions.add_option('cloud:options',cloud_options)driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:remote,capabilities:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'accepts untrusted certificates'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.accept_insecure_certs=truedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets unhandled prompt behavior'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.unhandled_prompt_behavior=:acceptdriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets window rect'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.firefoxoptions.set_window_rect=truedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:firefox,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets strict file interactability'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.strict_file_interactability=truedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets the proxy'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.proxy=Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http:'myproxy.com:8080')driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets the implicit timeout'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.timeouts={implicit:1}driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets the page load timeout'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.timeouts={page_load:400_000}driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets the script timeout'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.timeouts={script:40_000}driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets capabilities in the pre-selenium 4 way',skip:'this is example code that will not execute'docaps=Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.firefoxcaps[:platform]='Windows 10'caps[:version]='92'caps[:build]=my_test_buildcaps[:name]=my_test_namedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:remote,url:cloud_url,desired_capabilities:capsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendendend
This capability is optional, this is used to set the available browser version at remote end.
In recent versions of Selenium, if the version is not found on the system,
it will be automatically downloaded by Selenium Manager
packagedev.selenium.drivers;importdev.selenium.BaseTest;importjava.time.Duration;importjava.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;importorg.junit.jupiter.api.Test;importorg.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;importorg.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy;importorg.openqa.selenium.UnexpectedAlertBehaviour;importorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;importorg.openqa.selenium.remote.CapabilityType;importorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;publicclassOptionsTestextendsBaseTest{@TestpublicvoidsetPageLoadStrategyNormal(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{// Navigate to Urldriver.get("https://selenium.dev");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetPageLoadStrategyEager(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{// Navigate to Urldriver.get("https://selenium.dev");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetPageLoadStrategyNone(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{// Navigate to Urldriver.get("https://selenium.dev");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetAcceptInsecureCerts(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{// Navigate to Urldriver.get("https://selenium.dev");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidgetBrowserName(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Stringname=chromeOptions.getBrowserName();Assertions.assertFalse(name.isEmpty(),"Browser name should not be empty");}@TestpublicvoidsetBrowserVersion(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Stringversion="latest";chromeOptions.setBrowserVersion(version);Assertions.assertEquals(version,chromeOptions.getBrowserVersion());}@TestpublicvoidsetPlatformName(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Stringplatform="OS X 10.6";chromeOptions.setPlatformName(platform);Assertions.assertEquals(platform,chromeOptions.getPlatformName().toString());}@TestpublicvoidsetScriptTimeout(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Durationduration=Duration.of(5,ChronoUnit.SECONDS);chromeOptions.setScriptTimeout(duration);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{Durationtimeout=driver.manage().timeouts().getScriptTimeout();Assertions.assertEquals(timeout,duration,"The script timeout should be set to 5 seconds.");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetPageLoadTimeout(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Durationduration=Duration.of(5,ChronoUnit.SECONDS);chromeOptions.setPageLoadTimeout(duration);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{Durationtimeout=driver.manage().timeouts().getPageLoadTimeout();Assertions.assertEquals(timeout,duration,"The page load timeout should be set to 5 seconds.");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetImplicitWaitTimeout(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Durationduration=Duration.of(5,ChronoUnit.SECONDS);chromeOptions.setImplicitWaitTimeout(duration);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{Durationtimeout=driver.manage().timeouts().getImplicitWaitTimeout();Assertions.assertEquals(timeout,duration,"The implicit wait timeout should be set to 5 seconds.");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetUnhandledPromptBehaviour(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setUnhandledPromptBehaviour(UnexpectedAlertBehaviour.DISMISS_AND_NOTIFY);//verify the capability object is not nullObjectcapabilityObject=chromeOptions.getCapability(CapabilityType.UNHANDLED_PROMPT_BEHAVIOUR);Assertions.assertNotNull(capabilityObject,"Capability UNHANDLED_PROMPT_BEHAVIOUR should not be null.");Assertions.assertEquals(capabilityObject.toString(),UnexpectedAlertBehaviour.DISMISS_AND_NOTIFY.toString());}@TestpublicvoidsetWindowRect(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setCapability(CapabilityType.SET_WINDOW_RECT,true);//verify the capability object is not nullObjectcapabilityObject=chromeOptions.getCapability(CapabilityType.SET_WINDOW_RECT);Assertions.assertNotNull(capabilityObject,"Capability SET_WINDOW_RECT should not be null.");Booleancapability=(Boolean)capabilityObject;Assertions.assertTrue(capability,"The capability SET_WINDOW_RECT should be set to true.");}@TestpublicvoidsetStrictFileInteractability(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setCapability(CapabilityType.STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY,true);//verify the capability object is not nullObjectcapabilityObject=chromeOptions.getCapability(CapabilityType.STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY);Assertions.assertNotNull(capabilityObject,"Capability STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY should not be null.");Booleancapability=(Boolean)capabilityObject;Assertions.assertTrue(capability,"The capability STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY should be set to true.");}}
fromseleniumimportwebdriverfromselenium.webdriver.common.proxyimportProxyfromselenium.webdriver.common.proxyimportProxyTypedeftest_page_load_strategy_normal():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.page_load_strategy='normal'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_page_load_strategy_eager():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.page_load_strategy='eager'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_page_load_strategy_none():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.page_load_strategy='none'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_timeouts_script():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.timeouts={'script':5000}driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_timeouts_page_load():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.timeouts={'pageLoad':5000}driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_timeouts_implicit_wait():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.timeouts={'implicit':5000}driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_unhandled_prompt():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.unhandled_prompt_behavior='accept'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_set_window_rect():options=webdriver.FirefoxOptions()options.set_window_rect=True# Full support in Firefoxdriver=webdriver.Firefox(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_strict_file_interactability():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.strict_file_interactability=Truedriver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_proxy():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.proxy=Proxy({'proxyType':ProxyType.MANUAL,'httpProxy':'http.proxy:1234'})driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_set_browser_name():options=get_default_chrome_options()assertoptions.capabilities['browserName']=='chrome'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_set_browser_version():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.browser_version='stable'assertoptions.capabilities['browserVersion']=='stable'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_platform_name():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.platform_name='any'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_accept_insecure_certs():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.accept_insecure_certs=Truedriver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()defget_default_chrome_options():options=webdriver.ChromeOptions()options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")returnoptions
# frozen_string_literal: truerequire'spec_helper'RSpec.describe'Chrome'dodescribe'Driver Options'dolet(:chrome_location){driver_finder&&ENV.fetch('CHROME_BIN',nil)}let(:url){'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/'}it'page load strategy normal'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.page_load_strategy=:normaldriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'page load strategy eager'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.page_load_strategy=:eagerdriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'page load strategy none'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.page_load_strategy=:nonedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets remote capabilities',skip:'this is example code that will not execute'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.firefoxoptions.platform_name='Windows 10'options.browser_version='latest'cloud_options={}cloud_options[:build]=my_test_buildcloud_options[:name]=my_test_nameoptions.add_option('cloud:options',cloud_options)driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:remote,capabilities:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'accepts untrusted certificates'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.accept_insecure_certs=truedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets unhandled prompt behavior'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.unhandled_prompt_behavior=:acceptdriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets window rect'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.firefoxoptions.set_window_rect=truedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:firefox,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets strict file interactability'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.strict_file_interactability=truedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets the proxy'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.proxy=Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http:'myproxy.com:8080')driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets the implicit timeout'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.timeouts={implicit:1}driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets the page load timeout'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.timeouts={page_load:400_000}driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets the script timeout'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.timeouts={script:40_000}driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets capabilities in the pre-selenium 4 way',skip:'this is example code that will not execute'docaps=Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.firefoxcaps[:platform]='Windows 10'caps[:version]='92'caps[:build]=my_test_buildcaps[:name]=my_test_namedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:remote,url:cloud_url,desired_capabilities:capsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendendend
Three types of page load strategies are available.
The page load strategy queries the
document.readyState
as described in the table below:
Strategy
Ready State
Notes
normal
complete
Used by default, waits for all resources to download
eager
interactive
DOM access is ready, but other resources like images may still be loading
none
Any
Does not block WebDriver at all
The document.readyState property of a document describes the loading state of the current document.
When navigating to a new page via URL, by default, WebDriver will hold off on completing a navigation
method (e.g., driver.navigate().get()) until the document ready state is complete. This does not
necessarily mean that the page has finished loading, especially for sites like Single Page Applications
that use JavaScript to dynamically load content after the Ready State returns complete. Note also
that this behavior does not apply to navigation that is a result of clicking an element or submitting a form.
If a page takes a long time to load as a result of downloading assets (e.g., images, css, js)
that aren’t important to the automation, you can change from the default parameter of normal to
eager or none to speed up the session. This value applies to the entire session, so make sure
that your waiting strategy is sufficient to minimize
flakiness.
normal (default)
WebDriver waits until the load
event fire is returned.
packagedev.selenium.drivers;importdev.selenium.BaseTest;importjava.time.Duration;importjava.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;importorg.junit.jupiter.api.Test;importorg.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;importorg.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy;importorg.openqa.selenium.UnexpectedAlertBehaviour;importorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;importorg.openqa.selenium.remote.CapabilityType;importorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;publicclassOptionsTestextendsBaseTest{@TestpublicvoidsetPageLoadStrategyNormal(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{// Navigate to Urldriver.get("https://selenium.dev");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetPageLoadStrategyEager(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{// Navigate to Urldriver.get("https://selenium.dev");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetPageLoadStrategyNone(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{// Navigate to Urldriver.get("https://selenium.dev");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetAcceptInsecureCerts(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{// Navigate to Urldriver.get("https://selenium.dev");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidgetBrowserName(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Stringname=chromeOptions.getBrowserName();Assertions.assertFalse(name.isEmpty(),"Browser name should not be empty");}@TestpublicvoidsetBrowserVersion(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Stringversion="latest";chromeOptions.setBrowserVersion(version);Assertions.assertEquals(version,chromeOptions.getBrowserVersion());}@TestpublicvoidsetPlatformName(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Stringplatform="OS X 10.6";chromeOptions.setPlatformName(platform);Assertions.assertEquals(platform,chromeOptions.getPlatformName().toString());}@TestpublicvoidsetScriptTimeout(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Durationduration=Duration.of(5,ChronoUnit.SECONDS);chromeOptions.setScriptTimeout(duration);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{Durationtimeout=driver.manage().timeouts().getScriptTimeout();Assertions.assertEquals(timeout,duration,"The script timeout should be set to 5 seconds.");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetPageLoadTimeout(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Durationduration=Duration.of(5,ChronoUnit.SECONDS);chromeOptions.setPageLoadTimeout(duration);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{Durationtimeout=driver.manage().timeouts().getPageLoadTimeout();Assertions.assertEquals(timeout,duration,"The page load timeout should be set to 5 seconds.");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetImplicitWaitTimeout(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Durationduration=Duration.of(5,ChronoUnit.SECONDS);chromeOptions.setImplicitWaitTimeout(duration);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{Durationtimeout=driver.manage().timeouts().getImplicitWaitTimeout();Assertions.assertEquals(timeout,duration,"The implicit wait timeout should be set to 5 seconds.");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetUnhandledPromptBehaviour(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setUnhandledPromptBehaviour(UnexpectedAlertBehaviour.DISMISS_AND_NOTIFY);//verify the capability object is not nullObjectcapabilityObject=chromeOptions.getCapability(CapabilityType.UNHANDLED_PROMPT_BEHAVIOUR);Assertions.assertNotNull(capabilityObject,"Capability UNHANDLED_PROMPT_BEHAVIOUR should not be null.");Assertions.assertEquals(capabilityObject.toString(),UnexpectedAlertBehaviour.DISMISS_AND_NOTIFY.toString());}@TestpublicvoidsetWindowRect(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setCapability(CapabilityType.SET_WINDOW_RECT,true);//verify the capability object is not nullObjectcapabilityObject=chromeOptions.getCapability(CapabilityType.SET_WINDOW_RECT);Assertions.assertNotNull(capabilityObject,"Capability SET_WINDOW_RECT should not be null.");Booleancapability=(Boolean)capabilityObject;Assertions.assertTrue(capability,"The capability SET_WINDOW_RECT should be set to true.");}@TestpublicvoidsetStrictFileInteractability(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setCapability(CapabilityType.STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY,true);//verify the capability object is not nullObjectcapabilityObject=chromeOptions.getCapability(CapabilityType.STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY);Assertions.assertNotNull(capabilityObject,"Capability STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY should not be null.");Booleancapability=(Boolean)capabilityObject;Assertions.assertTrue(capability,"The capability STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY should be set to true.");}}
fromseleniumimportwebdriverfromselenium.webdriver.common.proxyimportProxyfromselenium.webdriver.common.proxyimportProxyTypedeftest_page_load_strategy_normal():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.page_load_strategy='normal'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_page_load_strategy_eager():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.page_load_strategy='eager'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_page_load_strategy_none():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.page_load_strategy='none'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_timeouts_script():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.timeouts={'script':5000}driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_timeouts_page_load():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.timeouts={'pageLoad':5000}driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_timeouts_implicit_wait():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.timeouts={'implicit':5000}driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_unhandled_prompt():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.unhandled_prompt_behavior='accept'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_set_window_rect():options=webdriver.FirefoxOptions()options.set_window_rect=True# Full support in Firefoxdriver=webdriver.Firefox(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_strict_file_interactability():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.strict_file_interactability=Truedriver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_proxy():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.proxy=Proxy({'proxyType':ProxyType.MANUAL,'httpProxy':'http.proxy:1234'})driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_set_browser_name():options=get_default_chrome_options()assertoptions.capabilities['browserName']=='chrome'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_set_browser_version():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.browser_version='stable'assertoptions.capabilities['browserVersion']=='stable'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_platform_name():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.platform_name='any'driver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()deftest_accept_insecure_certs():options=get_default_chrome_options()options.accept_insecure_certs=Truedriver=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/")driver.quit()defget_default_chrome_options():options=webdriver.ChromeOptions()options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")returnoptions
# frozen_string_literal: truerequire'spec_helper'RSpec.describe'Chrome'dodescribe'Driver Options'dolet(:chrome_location){driver_finder&&ENV.fetch('CHROME_BIN',nil)}let(:url){'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/'}it'page load strategy normal'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.page_load_strategy=:normaldriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'page load strategy eager'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.page_load_strategy=:eagerdriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'page load strategy none'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.page_load_strategy=:nonedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets remote capabilities',skip:'this is example code that will not execute'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.firefoxoptions.platform_name='Windows 10'options.browser_version='latest'cloud_options={}cloud_options[:build]=my_test_buildcloud_options[:name]=my_test_nameoptions.add_option('cloud:options',cloud_options)driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:remote,capabilities:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'accepts untrusted certificates'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.accept_insecure_certs=truedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets unhandled prompt behavior'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.unhandled_prompt_behavior=:acceptdriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets window rect'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.firefoxoptions.set_window_rect=truedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:firefox,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets strict file interactability'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.strict_file_interactability=truedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets the proxy'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.proxy=Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http:'myproxy.com:8080')driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets the implicit timeout'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.timeouts={implicit:1}driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets the page load timeout'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.timeouts={page_load:400_000}driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets the script timeout'dooptions=Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chromeoptions.timeouts={script:40_000}driver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:chrome,options:optionsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendit'sets capabilities in the pre-selenium 4 way',skip:'this is example code that will not execute'docaps=Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.firefoxcaps[:platform]='Windows 10'caps[:version]='92'caps[:build]=my_test_buildcaps[:name]=my_test_namedriver=Selenium::WebDriver.for:remote,url:cloud_url,desired_capabilities:capsdriver.get(url)driver.quitendendend
constChrome=require('selenium-webdriver/chrome');const{Browser,Builder}=require("selenium-webdriver");constoptions=newChrome.Options()describe('Page loading strategies',function(){it('Navigate using eager page loading strategy',asyncfunction(){letdriver=newBuilder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).setChromeOptions(options.setPageLoadStrategy('eager')).build();awaitdriver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank.html');awaitdriver.quit();});it('Navigate using none page loading strategy',asyncfunction(){letdriver=newBuilder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).setChromeOptions(options.setPageLoadStrategy('none')).build();awaitdriver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank.html');awaitdriver.quit();});it('Navigate using normal page loading strategy',asyncfunction(){letdriver=newBuilder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).setChromeOptions(options.setPageLoadStrategy('normal')).build();awaitdriver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank.html');awaitdriver.quit();});it('Should be able to accept certs',asyncfunction(){letdriver=newBuilder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).setChromeOptions(options.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true)).build();awaitdriver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank.html');awaitdriver.quit();});});
packagedev.selenium.drivers;importdev.selenium.BaseTest;importjava.time.Duration;importjava.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;importorg.junit.jupiter.api.Test;importorg.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;importorg.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy;importorg.openqa.selenium.UnexpectedAlertBehaviour;importorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;importorg.openqa.selenium.remote.CapabilityType;importorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;publicclassOptionsTestextendsBaseTest{@TestpublicvoidsetPageLoadStrategyNormal(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{// Navigate to Urldriver.get("https://selenium.dev");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetPageLoadStrategyEager(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{// Navigate to Urldriver.get("https://selenium.dev");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetPageLoadStrategyNone(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{// Navigate to Urldriver.get("https://selenium.dev");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetAcceptInsecureCerts(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{// Navigate to Urldriver.get("https://selenium.dev");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidgetBrowserName(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Stringname=chromeOptions.getBrowserName();Assertions.assertFalse(name.isEmpty(),"Browser name should not be empty");}@TestpublicvoidsetBrowserVersion(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Stringversion="latest";chromeOptions.setBrowserVersion(version);Assertions.assertEquals(version,chromeOptions.getBrowserVersion());}@TestpublicvoidsetPlatformName(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Stringplatform="OS X 10.6";chromeOptions.setPlatformName(platform);Assertions.assertEquals(platform,chromeOptions.getPlatformName().toString());}@TestpublicvoidsetScriptTimeout(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Durationduration=Duration.of(5,ChronoUnit.SECONDS);chromeOptions.setScriptTimeout(duration);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{Durationtimeout=driver.manage().timeouts().getScriptTimeout();Assertions.assertEquals(timeout,duration,"The script timeout should be set to 5 seconds.");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetPageLoadTimeout(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Durationduration=Duration.of(5,ChronoUnit.SECONDS);chromeOptions.setPageLoadTimeout(duration);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{Durationtimeout=driver.manage().timeouts().getPageLoadTimeout();Assertions.assertEquals(timeout,duration,"The page load timeout should be set to 5 seconds.");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetImplicitWaitTimeout(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();Durationduration=Duration.of(5,ChronoUnit.SECONDS);chromeOptions.setImplicitWaitTimeout(duration);WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver(chromeOptions);try{Durationtimeout=driver.manage().timeouts().getImplicitWaitTimeout();Assertions.assertEquals(timeout,duration,"The implicit wait timeout should be set to 5 seconds.");}finally{driver.quit();}}@TestpublicvoidsetUnhandledPromptBehaviour(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setUnhandledPromptBehaviour(UnexpectedAlertBehaviour.DISMISS_AND_NOTIFY);//verify the capability object is not nullObjectcapabilityObject=chromeOptions.getCapability(CapabilityType.UNHANDLED_PROMPT_BEHAVIOUR);Assertions.assertNotNull(capabilityObject,"Capability UNHANDLED_PROMPT_BEHAVIOUR should not be null.");Assertions.assertEquals(capabilityObject.toString(),UnexpectedAlertBehaviour.DISMISS_AND_NOTIFY.toString());}@TestpublicvoidsetWindowRect(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setCapability(CapabilityType.SET_WINDOW_RECT,true);//verify the capability object is not nullObjectcapabilityObject=chromeOptions.getCapability(CapabilityType.SET_WINDOW_RECT);Assertions.assertNotNull(capabilityObject,"Capability SET_WINDOW_RECT should not be null.");Booleancapability=(Boolean)capabilityObject;Assertions.assertTrue(capability,"The capability SET_WINDOW_RECT should be set to true.");}@TestpublicvoidsetStrictFileInteractability(){ChromeOptionschromeOptions=getDefaultChromeOptions();chromeOptions.setCapability(CapabilityType.STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY,true);//verify the capability object is not nullObjectcapabilityObject=chromeOptions.getCapability(CapabilityType.STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY);Assertions.assertNotNull(capabilityObject,"Capability STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY should not be null.");Booleancapability=(Boolean)capabilityObject;Assertions.assertTrue(capability,"The capability STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY should be set to true.");}}
