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Pascal’s Substack · Aug 18, 2026

Painful Lessons: An Analytical Review of U.S. Political and Institutional Developments, 2022–2026. U.S. favorability declined from 2024 to 2025 in 19 of 24 countries surveyed, with a median of 62%.

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Pascal Hetzscholdt · Pascal’s Substack

This review clusters and documents significant, widely-noted events and structural developments in U.S. politics and governance over roughly 2022 through mid-2026, with emphasis on the second Trump administration that took office in January 2025. It is written to be read analytically rather than polemically, and every significant claim is sorted into one of three tiers so the reader can weigh the evidence independently.

Documented fact. A well-documented event supported by government records, court filings, or corroborated reporting across multiple outlets.

Contested interpretation. A matter of genuine dispute among reasonable observers — typically a question of characterization or motive (e.g., whether influence amounts to “capture,” or whether a policy “serves” a foreign power). Credible counter-arguments are presented alongside.

Unverified / flagged. A rumor, single-source allegation, or not-yet-confirmed claim that must not be treated as fact. Two items in particular are flagged: the “Agent Krasnov” KGB-recruitment allegation, and the reported (but as of writing not-yet-occurred) plan for the FBI Director to travel to Moscow.

A deliberate effort has been made to keep the analysis factual and to avoid conspiratorial or prejudicial framing. Where influence networks are discussed, they are described in terms of documented lobbying, campaign finance, contracts, and public policy — not in terms that trade on ethnic, religious, or racial tropes.

The period under review is best understood as an unusually rapid concentration of executive power paired with an unusually close fusion of private wealth and state authority. At the January 20, 2025 inauguration, the three richest people on Earth were seated alongside cabinet nominees; over the following eighteen months the administration moved aggressively across immigration, foreign policy, financial regulation, and the federal workforce, repeatedly colliding with federal courts over due process, deportations, and the domestic use of the military.

The cumulative external effect has been measurable. The Pew Research Center found that U.S. favorability declined from 2024 to 2025 in 19 of 24 countries surveyed, with a median of 62% expressing little or no confidence in the U.S. president on world affairs. Defenders of the administration offer realist, burden-shifting, and deal-making rationales for many of the same policies, and those counter-arguments are presented throughout.

Money and influence: Elon Musk spent more than $290 million on the 2024 election, then led the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), whose access to sensitive federal data was blocked by multiple courts in early 2025 as likely Privacy Act violations.

Pro-Israel lobbying: AIPAC-aligned spending exceeded $100 million in the 2024 cycle and defeated two progressive incumbents in the most expensive House primaries to that point; U.S. military aid to Israel since October 2023 exceeds $21.7 billion.

Russia and Ukraine: Envoys Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner conducted extensive shuttle diplomacy with Vladimir Putin around a U.S. peace plan initially seen by Kyiv as tilted toward Moscow — a reading that is contested, and separated here from the unverified “Krasnov” claim.

Crypto and the Trump family: The president reported roughly $1.4 billion in crypto-related income for 2025 even as his administration deregulated the sector, raising conflict-of-interest questions that officials dispute.

Force and the rule of law: The administration rendered hundreds of migrants to El Salvador’s CECOT prison under the Alien Enemies Act, struck Iranian nuclear sites without congressional authorization, and conducted a lethal maritime strike campaign; courts blocked several domestic troop deployments.

Standing in the world: International favorability fell sharply among allies while rising in a handful of states, and fewer respondents described the U.S. as a reliable partner in 2026 than before.

Documented fact. Billionaires collectively worth roughly $1.35 trillion attended the second Trump inauguration, per Forbes; Musk, Jeff Bezos, and Mark Zuckerberg — the three wealthiest people alive — sat with cabinet nominees. Musk spent more than $290 million on the 2024 election (much of it through America PAC) and was tapped to run DOGE. Meta, Amazon, Google, Apple’s Tim Cook, and OpenAI’s Sam Altman each contributed $1 million to the inaugural fund.

Documented fact. DOGE’s data access triggered a wave of litigation. On February 8, 2025, a federal judge blocked DOGE from Treasury payment records; other judges blocked access to Education Department and OPM data later that month, and the Electronic Frontier Foundation sued on behalf of federal workers — all framed as likely violations of the Privacy Act of 1974.

Contested interpretation. Whether this pattern constitutes “regulatory capture” is disputed. Critics point to conflicts of interest, given the extensive federal business of Musk’s companies and the installation of industry figures in regulatory roles. Defenders argue DOGE pursued legitimate anti-fraud efficiency and that domain expertise in regulatory posts is ordinary rather than corrupt.

Documented fact. AIPAC’s affiliated super PAC spent tens of millions in 2024, part of more than $100 million in total AIPAC spending, and helped defeat progressive incumbents Jamaal Bowman and Cori Bush in what were then the two most expensive House primaries on record. Since October 2023 the U.S. has provided at least $21.7 billion in military aid to Israel (per a Brown University Costs of War study); in early 2025 the administration released a hold on 2,000-pound bombs and notified Congress of $8.4 billion in arms sales, later expediting several billion more under emergency authority.

Documented fact. The period also saw immigration enforcement directed at pro-Palestinian campus activists — including lawful permanent resident Mahmoud Khalil and Tufts scholar Rumeysa Ozturk — with unsealed records indicating they were targeted for protected speech. Courts repeatedly intervened on First Amendment grounds; an immigration judge ordered Khalil’s removal in September 2025 while a January 2026 ruling found no grounds to deport Ozturk.

Contested interpretation. The scale of lobbying influence is genuinely debated. The scholarly “Israel Lobby” thesis (Mearsheimer and Walt) and its serious critics frame the legitimate argument; critics of that thesis note that lobbying is constitutionally protected, that strategic and values-based alignment also drive policy, and that outside spending is rarely decisive on its own. Conspiratorial “dual-loyalty” or “extortion” framings are not supported and are avoided here.

Documented fact. Russell Vought — a self-described Christian nationalist and a principal Project 2025 architect — leads the Office of Management and Budget; Stephen Miller, the architect of immigration policy, previously ran America First Legal. The administration pursued birthright-citizenship restrictions (blocked in part by courts) and a mass-deportation agenda, and “Great Replacement” rhetoric has moved from the fringe toward mainstream partisan discourse.

Contested interpretation. Analysts distinguish white nationalism (racially defined) from Christian nationalism (religio-political), while noting real overlaps in personnel and rhetoric. Applying either label indiscriminately to every appointee risks overbreadth; direct endorsement of replacement theory varies considerably by figure and should not be assumed.

Documented fact. Special envoy Steve Witkoff met Putin at least six times through 2025; on December 2, 2025, Witkoff and Jared Kushner met Putin for roughly five hours in the Kremlin around a U.S. peace framework that Ukraine and its backers initially viewed as heavily tilted toward Russia. President Zelensky said in late December 2025 that most of a deal was agreed, with territory the main sticking point; subsequent talks produced no breakthrough.

Contested interpretation. Whether the approach “serves Russian interests” is sharply disputed. Critics argue the framework accommodates Kremlin demands and that Kushner, who holds no official government role, was an unusual interlocutor. Defenders offer a realist war-termination rationale, noting Ukraine’s difficult military position and arguing a negotiated settlement may be the least-bad outcome.

Unverified / flagged. Two items must be flagged. (a) The “Agent Krasnov” claim — that the KGB recruited Trump in 1987 — originates with a former Kazakh official and is uncorroborated; it must not be presented as fact. (b) As of mid-2026, reporting indicated the FBI Director was planning a Moscow/St. Petersburg trip (reportedly hosted by Russia’s FSB) around mid-October 2026, but the White House, FBI, and DOJ declined to comment and the Kremlin neither confirmed nor denied. There is no documentation that the trip actually occurred; any claim that he “visited Moscow” is, on current evidence, premature.

Documented fact. xAI’s Colossus facility in Memphis drew scrutiny for drawing hundreds of thousands of gallons daily from the Memphis Sands Aquifer and for installing dozens of gas turbines without full permitting; the Southern Environmental Law Center warned of significant smog-forming emissions and of ordinary ratepayers subsidizing infrastructure serving the facility, and the local NAACP sued. The OpenAI-Oracle-SoftBank Stargate project targets on the order of 10 gigawatts, and a 2025 Bloomberg investigation found that more than seven in ten new U.S. data-center projects since 2022 are sited in water-stressed areas.

Contested interpretation. Job-creation claims by hyperscalers have frequently outpaced verified local employment, a recurring community complaint; operators counter that facilities deliver tax base and grid investment. Environmental-permitting rollbacks in this period are documented, though their net local impact is contested.

Documented fact. The president’s 2025 disclosure showed roughly $2.2 billion in income, of which about $1.4 billion was crypto-related, including hundreds of millions from World Liberty Financial token sales. An Abu Dhabi state-backed firm used the venture’s stablecoin for a $2 billion transaction in May 2025, and a May 22, 2025 gala rewarded top holders of the $TRUMP memecoin, most of whose largest wallets were foreign-based. The GENIUS Act, signed July 18, 2025, created the first federal stablecoin framework, and regulators dropped multiple crypto enforcement actions opened under the prior administration.

Contested interpretation. The White House states there are no conflicts of interest; ethics experts and a bipartisan set of senators dispute that. Whether the arrangements violate law or merely norms is a genuinely unsettled legal question.

Documented fact. On June 22, 2025, U.S. forces struck three Iranian nuclear sites in the largest operational B-2 strike in history, without congressional authorization. From September 2025, the U.S. conducted at least twenty lethal strikes on alleged drug vessels in the Caribbean and Pacific, killing well over 100 people; reporting on a “double-tap” that killed survivors prompted war-crime concerns from legal experts. The FY2026 defense budget reached roughly $1 trillion, boosted by about $150 billion in the July 2025 reconciliation law, and defense-linked equities such as Palantir posted exceptional gains.

Contested interpretation. “Which conflicts Trump started” is contested. The administration also claims peacemaker credit for several ceasefires. Independent assessments of the Iran strikes ranged from “obliterated” (the president’s characterization) to a roughly two-year setback (leaked intelligence and Pentagon assessments); critics call the boat strikes extrajudicial killings, while the administration frames them as counter-narcotics self-defense.

Documented fact. Palantir’s government work expanded, including an ICE “ImmigrationOS” contract and an up-to-$10 billion, ten-year Army enterprise agreement that consolidated dozens of contracts. Reporting described tools drawing on health and benefits data to identify immigration targets with a “confidence score.” Thirteen former Palantir employees signed a protest letter in May 2025.

Contested interpretation. Palantir denies building any unified “master database” and disputes advocacy-group characterizations. The core civil-liberties concern — consolidation of data that the Privacy Act deliberately siloed, raising misuse and breach risk — is broadly shared, though the true operational scope is not fully public.

Documented fact. USAID was wound down (stop-work order January 24, 2025; formally closed July 1, 2025), and U.S. foreign-aid disbursements more than halved to roughly $32 billion in 2025. A Lancet study projected that sustained cuts could cause millions of additional deaths by 2030, including a large share among children under five; a Center for Global Development estimate put additional deaths in the hundreds of thousands annually. The administration also pressed NATO burden-sharing, threatened tariffs, and pushed back on European digital regulation.

Contested interpretation. Administration figures disputed the mortality framing; the weight of independent public-health evidence supports the view that abrupt termination of established programs costs lives, though precise counts carry modeling uncertainty.

Documented fact. In March 2025, the administration deported over 200 men — mostly Venezuelans — to El Salvador’s CECOT mega-prison under the Alien Enemies Act; a 60 Minutes review could not find criminal records for the majority. Kilmar Abrego Garcia, protected from removal, was deported in what the government conceded was an “administrative error”; despite a Supreme Court order to facilitate his return, the administration resisted for months. The administration also targeted law firms, universities, and the press.

Contested interpretation. Whether specific actions amount to defiance of court orders versus aggressive-but-lawful litigation posture has been argued case by case; several courts found due-process violations, while the administration asserted broad executive authority.

Documented fact. In January 2025 the president refused to rule out force to acquire Greenland and the Panama Canal, floated “economic force” to annex Canada as a “51st state,” and later raised a Gaza redevelopment proposal. Canada’s and Panama’s leaders flatly rejected the overtures, and the rhetoric alarmed allied governments.

Documented fact. The administration fired inspectors general and independent-agency officials, asserted expansive impoundment authority, and relied heavily on executive orders; congressional majorities largely deferred. Federal courts repeatedly pushed back — on DOGE data access, deportations, birthright citizenship, and troop deployments — and in December 2025 the Supreme Court declined to lift a block on Guard deployment near Chicago.

Contested interpretation. Whether this cumulatively constitutes a “constitutional crisis” is an interpretive question; defenders describe robust but lawful use of Article II authority later tested in court.

Documented fact. Masked, plainclothes agents made courthouse and street arrests of activists. In mid-2025 the administration federalized California National Guard troops and deployed Marines to Los Angeles over immigration protests; a federal judge later ordered the deployment to end, citing Posse Comitatus concerns. Attempted deployments to Chicago and Portland were blocked by courts (the Portland ruling came from a judge the president had appointed), while deployments welcomed by Republican governors proceeded in Memphis and New Orleans, and a federalized presence was established in Washington, D.C.

Documented fact. Automated license-plate readers (notably Flock Safety), facial recognition, and commercial data brokers were increasingly used in immigration and general law enforcement, drawing documented civil-liberties controversies, including reports of access to reader networks on behalf of federal immigration enforcement.

Unverified / flagged. Precise recent incident details in this area were beyond the completed research budget and should be re-verified against primary reporting before being asserted as fact.

Documented fact. Technology firms expanded AI training on user data, and FTC data-broker actions and major privacy cases continued through the period; the consolidation of consumer data — including foreign-sourced datasets — into AI systems remains a live privacy concern.

Unverified / flagged. The specific “Spirit Airlines–Google” data matter could not be independently verified within research constraints.

January 6 pardons: On January 20, 2025, the president pardoned, commuted, or moved to dismiss cases against all 1,500-plus January 6 defendants, including those convicted of assaulting police and the leaders of the Oath Keepers and Proud Boys.

DOJ/FBI politicization: Public prosecution records were removed, investigations of perceived opponents were pursued, and roughly 100 immigration judges were dismissed by 2026.

Civil service: The revival of “Schedule F” aimed to convert career staff to at-will status.

Public health and science: Leadership changes at CDC and NIH and shifts in vaccine policy marked a departure from prior scientific-agency norms.

Anti-corruption enforcement: A pause on Foreign Corrupt Practices Act enforcement and dropped cases marked an erosion of anti-corruption posture.

Documented fact. The most robust quantitative evidence comes from the Pew Research Center. Its June 2025 survey of more than 28,000 people across 24 countries found a median of 34% expressing confidence in the U.S. president on world affairs against 62% with little or none, and U.S. favorability falling from 2024 to 2025 in 19 of the 24 countries — with double-digit drops in Mexico, Sweden, Poland, and Canada. Favorability rose in a few states, including Israel, Nigeria, and Turkey. Follow-up analyses found U.S. favorability falling while China’s rose in many countries, and, in 2026, fewer respondents describing the U.S. as a reliable partner.

The pessimistic reading. On this view, alliance reliability, soft power, and reputation have suffered lasting damage — evidenced by allied “de-risking,” sovereignty threats against Canada, Greenland, and Panama, the collapse of USAID, and tariff volatility — accelerating multipolar hedging and dollar-diversification conversations.

The more measured reading. On this view, several qualifiers apply: the president’s ratings, while poor, are in some countries higher than at the start of his first term; favorability rose among ideological-right publics and in select states; allied dependence on U.S. security guarantees, capital markets, and the dollar remains structurally sticky; and some abrupt moves reflect defensible realist trade-offs rather than simple decline.

Assessment. The balance of the evidence supports a real, measurable erosion of U.S. standing and perceived reliability through 2026. The durability of that erosion remains contingent on outcomes not yet settled — above all the terms on which the Ukraine war ends, whether lifesaving aid programs are restored or replaced, and whether the domestic rule-of-law disputes are resolved by the courts in ways that reassure or further unsettle allied observers.

For analysts and journalists: Maintain three-tier discipline — explicitly label the “Krasnov” claim as uncorroborated and the reported Moscow trip as an unconfirmed, not-yet-occurred plan; anchor coverage of lobbying influence in documented spending and the legitimate scholarly debate.

For oversight-focused policymakers: Prioritize statutory reinforcement of Privacy Act protections against cross-agency data consolidation; restoration of inspector-general and independent-agency removal protections; and clearer statutory limits on the domestic use of the military — the three areas where courts most consistently found overreach.

For those tracking conflicts of interest: Press for enforceable disclosure of foreign purchasers in family-linked crypto ventures and independent review of arms-sale notifications that bypass committee review.

Benchmarks that would revise this assessment: A durable, sovereignty-preserving Ukraine settlement; restoration or replacement of USAID’s lifesaving programs; independent verification of the Iran-strike damage; an end to extrajudicial maritime strikes with legal accountability; and a rebound in international favorability toward pre-2025 levels would each materially soften the “declining standing” and “rule-of-law erosion” conclusions.

Several 2026-dated figures (the reported FBI Director trip, some budget totals, and full-year equity returns) are drawn from evolving reporting and should be re-verified against primary sources.

“Regulatory capture,” “serving Russian interests,” and “constitutional crisis” are contested interpretive framings, not settled facts; credible counter-arguments are presented for each.

Casualty and mortality projections carry inherent modeling and reporting uncertainty and are attributed to their sources rather than asserted independently.

Because live research was time-boxed, a small number of items — surveillance-technology incident specifics — are explicitly flagged as needing further verification rather than presented as established fact.

The following sources, with verified URLs, support the cited claims above. They span outlets and institutions across the spectrum — wire and broadcast news, government and court records, academic and think-tank analyses, and civil-society organizations. Additional studies and investigations are named in the text where a stable public URL was not captured during research.

1. Pew Research Center — “U.S. Image Declines in Many Nations Amid Low Confidence in Trump” (June 11, 2025). https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2025/06/11/us-image-declines-in-many-nations-amid-low-confidence-in-trump/

2. Pew Research Center — “Confidence in Trump in 24 nations” (June 11, 2025). https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2025/06/11/confidence-in-trump/

3. Pew Research Center — “Views of the U.S. have worsened while opinions of China have improved in many surveyed countries” (July 15, 2025). https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/07/15/views-of-the-us-have-worsened-while-opinions-of-china-have-improved-in-many-surveyed-countries/

4. Pew Research Center — “Trump Gets Negative Reviews Internationally as Fewer Say U.S. Is a Reliable Partner” (June 23, 2026). https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/trump-gets-negative-reviews-internationally-as-fewer-say-u-s-is-a-reliable-partner/

5. NBC News — “Views of U.S., Trump dip sharply in many allied countries.” https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-administration/views-us-trump-dip-sharply-many-allied-countries-rcna211805

6. U.S. News & World Report — “Report: Other Countries Lose Confidence in U.S. Under Trump Presidency” (June 11, 2025). https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2025-06-11/report-other-countries-lose-confidence-in-u-s-under-trump-presidency

7. CNN Politics — “Elon Musk spent more than $290 million on the 2024 election, year-end FEC filings show” (Feb. 1, 2025). https://www.cnn.com/2025/02/01/politics/elon-musk-2024-election-spending-millions

8. Yahoo News — “Elon Musk spent more than $290 million on the 2024 election.” https://www.yahoo.com/news/elon-musk-spent-more-290-154608662.html

9. Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression (FIRE) — “Unsealed records reveal officials targeted Khalil, Ozturk, Mahdawi solely for protected speech.” https://www.fire.org/news/unsealed-records-reveal-officials-targeted-khalil-ozturk-mahdawi-solely-protected-speech

10. Al Jazeera — “U.S. judge orders deportation of activist Mahmoud Khalil to Syria, Algeria” (Sept. 18, 2025). https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/9/18/us-judge-orders-deportation-of-activist-mahmoud-khalil-to-syria-algeria

11. The Jerusalem Post — “U.S. court rules that Mahmoud Khalil deportation can go on.” https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/article-892705

12. The Moscow Times — “FBI Director Kash Patel Plans Trip to Russia in October – Politico” (July 21, 2026). https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2026/07/21/fbi-director-kash-patel-plans-trip-to-russia-in-october-politico-a93296

13. CBS News — “Crypto billionaire Justin Sun says he’s the biggest owner of Trump’s meme coin, will attend dinner with president.” https://www.cbsnews.com/news/crypto-billionaire-justin-sun-trump-meme-coin/

14. Benzinga — “Justin Sun Revealed As $18M Trump Whale Ahead Of Trump’s Controversial Gala Dinner.” https://www.benzinga.com/content/45530671/justin-sun-revealed-as-18m-trump-whale-ahead-of-trumps-controversial-gala-dinner

15. Benzinga — “Trump Memecoin Exclusive Dinner Guest List Revealed With Justin Sun Shining At The Top.” https://www.benzinga.com/markets/cryptocurrency/25/05/45367052/trump-memecoin-exclusive-dinner-guest-list-revealed-with-justin-sun-shining-at-the-top-rep

16. Arnold & Porter — “What You Need To Know About the New Stablecoin Legislation (GENIUS Act)” (July 2025). https://www.arnoldporter.com/en/perspectives/advisories/2025/07/new-stablecoin-legislation-analyzing-the-genius-act

17. Thomson Reuters Practical Law — “GENIUS Act Stablecoin Bill Signed into Law: A Breakdown.” https://ca.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/w-047-6505

18. Breaking Defense — “Senate advances Trump megabill with $150B in defense funds” (July 2025). https://breakingdefense.com/2025/07/senate-advances-trump-megabill-with-150b-in-defense-funds/

19. The Motley Fool — “Buy Palantir Stock After 57% Gain?” (May 2, 2025). https://www.fool.com/investing/2025/05/02/buy-palantir-stock-after-57-gain-2025-wall-street/

20. Yahoo Finance — “How Palantir Stock Soared 80% in the First Half of 2025 to Become the Best S&P 500 Stock.” https://finance.yahoo.com/news/palantir-stock-soared-80-first-000000563.html

21. U.S. Army — “U.S. Army Awards Enterprise Service Agreement to Enhance Military Readiness and Drive Operational Efficiency” (July 31, 2025). https://www.army.mil/article/287506/u_s_army_awards_enterprise_service_agreement_to_enhance_military_readiness_and_drive_operational_efficiency

22. Office of Rep. Brad Sherman — “One Year After Trump’s USAID Shutdown, Sherman & Meeks Lead All Foreign Affairs Dems to Investigate Aid-Related Deaths.” https://sherman.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/one-year-after-trumps-usaid-shutdown-sherman-meeks-lead-all-foreign

23. Context (Thomson Reuters Foundation) — “After a year of big cuts, where does US aid stand going into 2026?” https://www.context.news/socioeconomic-inclusion/after-a-year-of-big-cuts-where-does-us-aid-stand-going-into-2026

24. GlobalSecurity.org — “Over 14 million lives at risk from US foreign aid cuts, study warns” (June 30, 2025). https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2025/06/mil-250630-presstv07.htm

25. UCLA Fielding School of Public Health — “Research finds more than 14 million preventable deaths by 2030 if USAID defunding continues.” https://ph.ucla.edu/news-events/news/research-finds-more-14-million-preventable-deaths-2030-if-usaid-defunding

26. Center for Global Development — “Update on Lives Lost from USAID Cuts.” https://www.cgdev.org/blog/update-lives-lost-usaid-cuts

27. Government Accountability Project — “Real People, Real Consequences: What the Data Says About USAID’s Collapse and the Global Death Toll.” https://www.govtaccountabilityproject.org/post/real-people-real-consequences-what-the-data-says-about-usaid-s-collapse-and-the-global-death-toll

28. Axios — “Report: Most migrants sent to mega-prison have no apparent criminal record” (Apr. 7, 2025). https://www.axios.com/2025/04/07/report-migrants-salvadoran-mega-prison-no-record

29. NBC News — “Trump suggests he could use military force to acquire Panama Canal and Greenland and ‘economic force’ to annex Canada.” https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-suggests-use-military-force-acquire-panama-canal-greenland-econo-rcna186610

30. Fox News — “MAGAfest Destiny: Trump flexes his muscles with repeated talk of American expansionism.” https://www.foxnews.com/politics/magafest-destiny-trump-flexes-his-muscles-repeated-talk-american-expansionism.print

31. Fox News — “Carney says Canada is not for sale; Trump replies, ‘Never say never.’” https://www.foxnews.com/politics/carney-says-canada-wont-ever-sale-trump-responding-never-say-never.amp

32. Council on Foreign Relations — “Transition 2025: Donald Trump Sets His Sights on Canada, Greenland, and the Panama Canal.” https://www.cfr.org/articles/transition-2025-donald-trump-sets-his-sights-canada-greenland-and-panama-canal

33. PBS NewsHour — “Supreme Court keeps block on Trump’s National Guard deployment in the Chicago area, for now.” https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/supreme-court-keeps-block-on-trumps-national-guard-deployment-in-the-chicago-area-for-now

34. CalMatters — “Judge orders Trump to end National Guard deployment, calls LA mission ‘profoundly un-American’” (Dec. 2025). https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/12/trump-national-guard-los-angeles-ruling/

35. Yahoo News / People — “Donald Trump to Deploy 700 U.S. Marines to Los Angeles amid Ongoing Immigration Protests.” https://www.yahoo.com/news/donald-trump-deploy-700-u-103923004.html

36. WTTW Chicago — “Appeals Court Upholds Federal Judge’s Temporary Order Blocking National Guard Deployment in Chicago Area” (Oct. 16, 2025). https://news.wttw.com/2025/10/16/appeals-court-upholds-federal-judge-s-temporary-order-blocking-national-guard-deployment

37. Oregon Capital Chronicle — “Federal judge permanently blocks Trump Guard deployment to Portland” (Nov. 7, 2025). https://oregoncapitalchronicle.com/2025/11/07/federal-judge-finds-trump-guard-deployment-to-portland-illegal/

38. Fortune — “Trump pardons 1,500 Jan. 6 defendants, including rioters who assaulted police” (Jan. 21, 2025). https://dc.fortune.com/2025/01/21/trump-pardons-1500-jan-6-defendants-rioters-assaulted-police

39. Al Jazeera — “Trump pardons 1,500 Jan. 6 prisoners, commutes other sentences” (Jan. 21, 2025). https://www.aljazeera.com/program/newsfeed/2025/1/21/trump-pardons-1500-jan-6-prisoners-commutes-other-sentences

40. GLAAD — “Donald Trump’s Dangerous Pardon of Jan. 6th Insurrectionists.” https://glaad.org/donald-trumps-dangerous-pardon-of-jan-6th-insurrectionists/

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