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Crypto.com Research — DeFi Newsletter · Jun 25, 2026

DeFi & L1L2 — 💰 Crypto sector absorbed $220B+ in U.S. debt; Ethereum's Glamsterdam entered its final development phase

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substack-rni@crypto.com · Crypto.com Research — DeFi Newsletter

  • The crypto sector has become a major absorber of U.S. debt, holding over US$220 billion primarily through stablecoins and real-world asset (RWA) tokenization.

  • Ethereum’s Glamsterdam upgrade entered its final development phase, locking in structural proposals like Enshrined Proposer-Builder Separation (ePBS) and Block-Level Access Lists (BALs).

  • Ethlabs, a new nonprofit launched by former Ethereum Foundation researchers, aims to advance Ethereum’s research and development (R&D).

  • Japan’s SBI Group launched JPYSC, a trust-based stablecoin issued by Shinsei Trust and Banking Co., Ltd.

  • MoneyGram joined the Solana network as an active validator.

  • Chainlink is partnering with major European and Korean banks on Project Pangea to deploy stablecoins for more transparent and efficient foreign exchange (FX) settlement.

  • Synthetix governance proposed SIP-423 to retire its sUSD stablecoin.

  • Main Street’s msUSD stablecoin and its yield-bearing token msY lost their U.S. dollar pegs after verification provider Accountable terminated their agreement.

  • Morpho Blue‘s Alpha USDC Delta V2 vault currently faces an estimated $18 million loss from msY/USDC market exposure following the msY collapse.

  • Aztec Labs suffered a second exploit, losing $2.15 million from an immutable, deprecated smart contract.

  • Secret Network‘s cross-chain bridge to Axelar was drained of $4.67 million over a seven-day period due to a legacy infinite-mint vulnerability.

  • Ethereum L2 network Taiko halted block production after an attacker exploited its bridge to steal roughly $1.7 million.

This week, the market cap, volume, and volatility indices dropped -15.44%, -23.49%, and -18.52%, respectively.

  • Jupiter (JUP) rallied following news of a 7.5 million token buyback over the last three months. Additionally, a new governance proposal aims to increase fee buybacks from 50% to 70% to enhance token scarcity and bolster buy-side pressure.

  • Chainlink (LINK) is partnering with major European and Korean banks on Project Pangea to deploy stablecoins for more transparent and efficient FX settlement.

  • Main Street USD’s (msUSD) crash triggered a liquidity crisis and significant financial exposure for the Morpho lending protocol. The msY (a yield token minted by staking msUSD)/USDC market on Morpho hit 100% utilization, meaning nearly all msY supplied by lenders has been borrowed. Consequently, Morpho Blue’s Alpha USDC Delta V2 vault faced an estimated $18 million loss from msY/USDC market exposure following the msY token’s collapse.

U.S. total public debt outstanding hit a record $39.3 trillion in June. The crypto sector has become a major absorber of this debt, holding over $220 billion primarily through stablecoins and RWA tokenization. By comparison, Norway — the 14th-largest foreign holder of U.S. Treasuries — holds $214.7 billion.

Circle and Tether collectively hold approximately $205 billion in the U.S. Treasury securities to back their stablecoins. Meanwhile, tokenized U.S. Treasuries hit $15 billion, accounting for a historic 0.04% of total U.S. debt. Over the past 30 days, Circle’s tokenized money market fund, USYC, led the sector with $139 million in net inflows. In contrast, WisdomTree’s WTGXX and Securitize’s BUIDL saw the largest pullbacks, with $186 million and $158 million in net outflows, respectively.

  • Ethereum‘s Glamsterdam upgrade entered its final development phase, locking in structural proposals like Enshrined Proposer-Builder Separation (ePBS) and Block-Level Access Lists (BALs). This overhaul clears the path for a 200 million gas-limit capacity target, expanding L1 throughput ahead of its expected mainnet activation in late 2026.

  • Ethlabs, a new nonprofit launched by former Ethereum Foundation researchers, aims to advance Ethereum’s R&D. Supported by major corporate ether holders and key ecosystem figures, the initiative marks a strategic transition from the Ethereum Foundation’s centralized stewardship toward a “multi-node” development model, where independent entities collaboratively guide the network’s future.

  • Japan’s SBI Group launched JPYSC, a trust-based stablecoin issued by Shinsei Trust and Banking Co., Ltd. Co-developed with Startale Group, SBI is the first Japanese institution to launch under the country’s newly amended Payment Services Act, prioritizing institutional settlements.

  • MoneyGram joined the Solana network as an active validator. The move signifies a deeper structural commitment as TradFi continues to adopt fast, low-cost stablecoin rails for international payment settlements.

  • Synthetix governance proposed SIP-423 to retire its sUSD stablecoin. The proposal aims to freeze the contract and reimburse eligible holders with linearly vested SNX tokens at a conversion rate that honors sUSD’s intended $1.00 value.

  • Main Street’s msUSD stablecoin and its yield-bearing token msY lost their U.S. dollar pegs after verification provider Accountable terminated their agreement. Accountable stated that Main Street failed to meet its proof-of-reserves standards. Consequently, msUSD dropped sharply from approximately $1.00 to around $0.29, erasing roughly 71% to 90% of its value within 24 hours and reducing its market cap to roughly $30.5 million.

  • Aztec Labs suffered a second exploit, losing $2.15 million from an immutable, deprecated smart contract. The incident was executed via false rollup proofs, reinforcing concerns over the security risks of abandoned on-chain infrastructure.

  • Secret Network‘s cross-chain bridge to Axelar was drained of $4.67 million over a seven-day period because of a legacy infinite-mint vulnerability. The attacker successfully forged Cosmos IBC packets to mint unbacked tokens because the contract lacked proper incoming denomination validations.

  • Ethereum L2 network Taiko halted block production after an attacker exploited its bridge to steal roughly $1.7 million. The attacker forged withdrawal proofs to drain funds from the bridge and token vault, likely using a leaked signing key.

  • Pre-IPO Perpetuals: Front-Running Wall Street: Crypto derivatives offer retail investors a solution through synthetic pre-IPO perpetual contracts. These 24/7, leveraged financial instruments wrap expected valuations, dismantling the barriers to institutional exclusivity and enabling users to trade the trajectories of private tech companies.

  • Market Update (May 2026): May highlighted a performance gap between surging global equities and declining cryptos and commodities. Equity markets led with the MSCI Emerging Markets index up +9.5%, and the Nasdaq Composite gaining +8.4%. Conversely, BTC and ETH fell -3.5% and -11.2%, respectively. Bonds and Real Estate posted modest gains, while Commodities and Gold fell. Data suggests a rotation from crypto toward high-growth equity sectors.

  • Research Roundup Newsletter (May 2026): We present to you our latest issue of Research Roundup, featuring our analysis on Real-World Asset Perpetuals and April’s market review and outlook.

Interested to know more? Access exclusive reports by signing up as a Private member, joining our Crypto.com Exchange VIP Programme, or collecting a Loaded Lions NFT. The latest crypto market insights are also available via the dashboard.

Research and Insights Team

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