Exactly is a history of precision engineering. It reveals how our ability to make and measure things to increasingly fine tolerances enabled people to create everything from steam engines to microprocessors.
Precision engineering kicked off in 18th-century Britain with John “Iron-Mad” Wilkinson, who bored cannon barrels accurate enough to make James Watt’s steam engine possible. Before this, mechanisms were one-offs without swappable parts.
Assembly lines depend on matching components. Interchangeable parts made mass production and modern consumer goods like the Model T affordable.
Each section of the book is labeled with an order-of-magnitude accuracy, starting at 0.1 inches (boring cannons) and decreasing by factors of 1,000 until reaching the atomic level (fabricating microchips with billions of transistors).
The pursuit of the ultra-precise can sometimes work against craftsmanship, art, and the beauty of imperfection. Japan displays “an aesthetic sensibility wherein asymmetry and roughness and impermanence are accorded every bit as much weight as are the exact, the immaculate, and the precise.”
Look at your phone. Consider how its components are built to microscopic tolerances. Look at a door hinge, a zipper, or a ballpoint pen. Notice how smoothly they work because thousands of parts fit together exactly right.
Identify one area of your life where you pursue perfection to a fault. Would “Good enough” serve you better? Conversely, identify something you do in your life that could be improved with more precision.
What have you dismissed as imperfect that you can learn to appreciate because of its roughness or asymmetry?
“There are now more transistors at work on this planet (some 15 quintillion, or 15,000,000,000,000,000,000) than there are leaves on all the trees in the world.”
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Book Freak is published by Cool Tools Lab, a small company of three people. We also run Recomendo, the Cool Tools website, a YouTube channel and podcast, and other newsletters, including Recomendo Deals, Gar’s Tips & Tools, Nomadico, What’s in my NOW?, Tools for Possibilities, Books That Belong On Paper, and Book Freak.
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