Core Java
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Algebraic Data Types and Pattern Matching, Compared
Java, Rust, Scala, and Haskell all let you say “a Shape is exactly a Circle, a Square, or a Triangle,…
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Consistent Overflow: Two’s Complement and Modular Arithmetic
Java promises that Integer.MAX_VALUE + 1 always equals Integer.MIN_VALUE. That promise is exactly what let a bug hide inside the…
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Type Erasure and What It Actually Costs
List<String> and List<Integer> are the exact same class once the JVM gets involved. Here’s why Java made that trade, and…
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Project Leyden and AOT Caching: Is “Fast Startup” Actually Solved Now?
Java 26 just extended AOT caching to ZGC. Before you reach for GraalVM Native Image again, it’s worth asking what…
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Ad-Hoc Polymorphism: Interfaces vs. Traits vs. Type Classes
Three languages, three solutions to “different types, same operation” and three very different opinions about who gets to decide what…
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Solving MySQL Incorrect String Value Exception with Java
When working with Java applications and MySQL, one of the most common database exceptions developers encounter is java.sql.SQLException: Incorrect string…
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Getting Process ID in Java
Every running Java Virtual Machine (JVM) application executes as an operating system process. Like every other process, the JVM is…
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LangChain4j RAG in Java: Embedding, Chunking, and Retrieval Without the Python Envy
A practical pipeline for document ingestion, embedding, and retrieval, all on the JVM, with a Spring AI comparison for good…
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The Diamond Problem and Default Methods
Java 8 gave interfaces actual behavior, then had to answer the same question C++ has been arguing about for thirty…
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