General Graphite Information
|
 Chemical Formula: |
C |
| Composition: |
Molecular Weight = 12.01 gm |
| |
Carbon 100.00 % C |
| |
______ |
| |
100.00 % |
| Empirical Formula: |
C |
| Environment: |
Metamorphosed limestones, organic-rich shales, and coal beds.. |
| IMA Status: |
Valid Species (Pre-IMA) Prehistoric |
| Locality: |
Ticonderoga, New York. Madagascar and Ceylon. Link to MinDat.org Location Data. |
| Name Origin: |
From the Greek, graphein, "to write." |
| Name Pronunciation: |
Graphite  |
| Synonym: |
Black Lead |
| |
Plumbago |
| |
Graphite Image |
|
Images:
|
|
|
Images:
|
|
Graphite
Comments: Black, sub-hexagonal crystal of graphite in calcite.
Location: Lead Hill Mine, (near Ticonderoga), Essex Co., New York, USA.
Scale: Crystal size 1 mm.
© Paul M. Schumacher |
|
Graphite Crystallography
|
| Axial Ratios: |
a:c = 1:2.73376 |
| Cell Dimensions: |
a = 2.464, c = 6.736, Z = 4; V = 35.42 Den(Calc)= 2.25 |
| Crystal System: |
Hexagonal - Dihexagonal DipyramidalH-M Symbol (6/m 2/m 2/m) Space Group: P 63/mmc |
| X Ray Diffraction: |
By Intensity(I/Io): 3.35(1), 1.675(0.8), 1.541(0.6), |
| Forms:
Mouse
Dbl Clk - Start-Stop Rotation
RMB - Cycle Display Modes
Drag1 - Manipulate Crystal
Drag2 - Resize
Keyboard
S - Stereo
I - Indicies
<space> - Start-Stop Rotation
F - Fit to Screen
M - Menu
Help on Above
|
|
|
Forms:
( 0 1 0)
( 0 0 1)
Warning: this large pop-up is very compute intensive and
may not work well with some computers.
|
|
|
Crystal Structure:
Mouse
drag1 - LMB Manipulate Structure
drag2 - RMB Resize/Rotate
Keyboard
S - Stereo Pair on/off
H - Help Screen
I - Data Info
A - Atoms On/Off
P - Polyhedra On/Off
B - Bonds On/Off
Help on Above
|
|
|
Kukesh J S , Pauling L , American Mineralogist , 35 (1950) p.125-125, The problem of the graphite structure
View Additional jPOWD Structure files for Graphite
[1]
|
|
| |
Physical Properties of Graphite
|
| Cleavage: |
{0001} Perfect |
| Color: |
Iron black, Dark gray, Black, Steel gray. |
| Density: |
2.09 - 2.23, Average = 2.16 |
| Diaphaneity: |
Opaque |
| Fracture: |
Sectile - Curved shavings or scrapings produced by a knife blade, (e.g. graphite). |
| Habit: |
Earthy - Dull, clay-like texture with no visible crystalline affinities, (e.g. howlite). |
| Habit: |
Foliated - Two dimensional platy forms. |
| Habit: |
Tabular - Form dimensions are thin in one direction. |
| Hardness: |
1.5-2 - Talc-Gypsum |
| Luminescence: |
Non-fluorescent. |
| Luster: |
Sub Metallic |
| Magnetism: |
Nonmagnetic |
| Streak: |
black |
| |
Optical Properties of Graphite
|
| Optical Data: |
Uniaxial (-), w=1.93-2.07. |
| RL Anisotrophism: |
Extreme. |
| RL Pleochroism: |
Strong, red. |
| Reflectivity |
Standardized Intensity (100%) Reflection Spectra of Graphite in Air
| λ |
R1 |
R2 |
 |
∑ R1(λ) |
∑ R2(λ) |
| 400 nm |
7.90 |
18.70 | |
|
|
|
| 420 nm |
7.80 |
18.80 |
|
| 440 nm |
7.70 |
18.90 |
|
| 460 nm |
7.60 |
19.20 |
|
| 480 nm |
7.50 |
19.50 |
|
| 500 nm |
7.50 |
19.80 |
|
| 520 nm |
7.50 |
20.10 |
|
| 540 nm |
7.40 |
20.50 |
|
| 560 nm |
7.40 |
20.80 |
|
| 580 nm |
7.40 |
21.30 |
|
| 600 nm |
7.50 |
21.70 |
|
| 620 nm |
7.50 |
22.20 |
|
| 640 nm |
7.60 |
22.80 |
|
| 660 nm |
7.60 |
23.40 |
|
| 680 nm |
7.60 |
24.00 |
|
| 700 nm |
7.60 |
24.60 |
|
