Wertzone Classics: Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Season 6

2374. The United Federation of Planets is, for the first time in a century, fighting a full-blown war. The Dominion, augmented by the addition of the Cardassian Union to their ranks, is pushing the Federation and their Klingon allies back on every front. When news arrives that the Dominion is preparing to bring down the minefield defending the wormhole and bringing in reinforcements from the Gamma Quadrant, Captain Sisko takes command of the largest fleet in Federation history to mount a daring mission to recapture Deep Space Nine. But this war is only just beginning.

With the fourth season of Deep Space Nine having taken the show off-track, the fifth season had gotten the show back to where the writers had wanted to go: pitching the Federation into conflict with the Dominion. By the end of the season that conflict had exploded into all-out war, leaving Star Trek with arguably its biggest cliffhanger since Jean-Luc Picard was turned into a Borg: the Dominion capture Deep Space Nine and drive most of the crew off the station.

The aftermath of that event drives the largest-to-date storyline ever attempted in the entire Star Trek franchise: a continuously building narrative that spans the first six episodes of the season. This mini-series-within-a-series was a bold move for Star Trek at the time, although some sceptics sourly noted possible inspiration from DS9's sometimes-rival show, Babylon 5, which had become more significantly serialised some time earlier. Despite the franchise not being really geared to it, the writers do an excellent job of making it work, giving us stories of life on the station under Dominion occupation and on the Defiant and on the Klingon Bird-of-Prey Rotarran as the war escalates. There's some excellent storytelling and character-building in these episodes, particularly the introduction of regular "inside the enemy camp" asides as Dukat, his aide Damar, Weyoun and the Female Changeling plot the downfall of the Federation. For the first time, ever, we have a regular cast of bad guys to balance the regular cast of good guys and it's great fun to see the story being explored from two different angles.

This arc culminates in Sacrifice of Angels, which gives us the biggest battle in Star Trek history (matched only by the battles at the end of Season 7, but those battles are too reliant on stock footage to be as impressive) thanks to Babylon 5's recently-ejected CGI team, Foundation Imaging. The result is a dramatic improvement in vfx quality. For the first time in Star Trek's history, we get immense, convincing fleet battles which remain superb more than twenty years later. The battle is balanced out by tremendous character work, such as Dukat lamenting the fact that the Bajorans (a people he brutally oppressed for years, killing more than five million of them) never erected a statue of them whilst Weyoun looks at him with the slowly dawning realisation that he's allied himself to an increasingly deluded lunatic.

After the initial arc we get an entertaining episode where Worf and Jadzia finally get married (prompting the bachelor party from hell) and then things calm down a bit, with a string of "standard Star Trek" episodes. This string of episodes remains entertaining though: Resurrection brings characters from the Mirror Universe to DS9 for a change (rather than vice versa), whilst Statistical Probabilities is highly influenced by Isaac Asimov's Foundation series, and asks what happens when a statistical science for analysing future trends reveals that the Federation's defeat in the war is inevitable. The Magnificent Ferengi is a mighty all-Ferengi show as Quark recruits a team of the brightest and best of his race to mount a commando raid to rescue his mother from the Dominion. The barminess of the premise is only enhanced by Iggy Pop guest starring as a Vorta.

Waltz is an angry episode, inspired by Ira Steven Behr visiting a DS9 message board and becoming annoyed by the number of Dukat apologists he saw trying to justify his evil. Waltz makes Dukat's self-delusion absolutely crystal clear and sets up his story arc for the rest of the series. Who Mourns for Morn? and One Little Ship are fun comedy episodes, the former focusing on DS9's resident enigmatic barfly but without revealing too much about him and the latter being an excuse to do a Fantastic Voyage homage (although they don't quite go that far).

Honor Among Thieves is a great character piece that has O'Brien become an undercover intelligence agent for Starfleet Intelligence, much to his own chagrin, whilst Change of Heart reveals one of the problems with the Dominion War putting Starfleet officers who are also family in combat situations alongside one another. Wrongs Darker Than Death or Night is another episode about the Cardassian occupation of the DS9 station and is based on a couple of shaky premises (that Dukat spent nine years in a relationship with Kira's mother, which you feel should have come up before, and that Kira would really risk time travel just to find out the truth) but is well-acted. Inquisition is an intriguing episode which sees Bashir apparently outed as a spy, only to discover the existence of Section 31, the Federation's clandestine black ops intelligence agency. Section 31 has gone on to be grossly overused in later Trek shows, but at this point is an intriguing addition to the Trek mythos.

His Way is a controversial episode, first for finally hooking up Odo and Kira (not a popular relationship among DS9 fans, although the actors do a reasonable job with it) and also introducing the holographic character of Vic Fontaine and his Las Vegas holosuite program. Fans were not enamoured of this at the time, but it's reasonably harmless and it's hard not to be charmed by Jimmy Darren's excellent performance. The Reckoning is a hugely significant episode for the Prophet/Pah-Wraith story arc, where the station becomes the battleground for an epic fantasy style duel to the death between two superpowered entities. The more overt fantasy elements border on the silly, but the episode is in reality more about faith, and there's a crushing moment of horror for Kai Winn (superbly played by Louise Fletcher) where she realises that Sisko - an alien - has greater faith than she does.

Valiant is an effective war story, although let down by poor CGI (Foundation Imaging having moved on to Voyager and Paramount bringing a less capable company to work on DS9, which in retrospect was a mistake), whilst Time's Orphan is an effective story about fatherhood and loss. The Sound of Her Voice features one of the best vocal performances in all of Trek, as the crew make contact with a crashed Starfleet officer they can only speak to via subspace. Tears of the Prophets ends the season with a surprisingly brutal cliffhanger as the Federation and their allies go on the offensive against the Dominion and suffer an unexpected loss.

In the middle of this last run of episodes we have Profit and Lace, an episode which started from the idea of making it the "Some Like It Hot" of DS9 with Quark having to pose as a woman. This escalated to Quark having to be surgically altered to become female, with hilarity resulting from his hormonal and personality changes. To say this episode is terrible is a massive understatement: it is simply the worst-ever episode of Deep Space Nine, bar none, and probably one of the twenty worst Star Trek episodes ever made. It's wince-inducing, bordering on the unwatchable.

Profit and Lace is remarkable though, in that it is the sole weak link of the entire season. It is so bad that it was in danger of bringing down the score of the entire season by itself, but fortunately the season more than counterbalances this by deploying arguably the two single finest episodes of Deep Space Nine, and easily two of the best episodes of the entire Star Trek franchise since its inception. If you even had a list of the best episodes of Star Trek and put these two at the very top, I don't think people would argue with you too hard.

The ever-so-slightly lesser of the two episodes is In the Pale Moonlight, an episode of wartime paranoia and deception as Sisko finds himself reluctantly working with Garak on a scheme to convince a high-ranking Romulan senator that the Romulans should enter the war against the Dominion. At every step of the way, Sisko makes what seems like reasonable, logical choices even as they corrupt him further and draw him deeper into the mire, with Garak acting as a siren, luring him on to more dubious decisions. The ending of the episode, with a horrified Sisko trying to morally justify the murder and mayhem he's inadvertently sanctioned and the millions of deaths that will now stem from his actions, ranks as one of the most powerful in all of Star Trek.

The other powerhouse is Far Among the Stars, where Sisko finds himself as a struggling novelist and short story writer in 1950s New York City, with his friends recast in new roles. This episode repeats the trick from (the homeless-centric episode) Past Tense in Season 3, of taking a social issue and directly tackling it head head-on rather than through traditional Star Trek allegories and metaphors. In this case the subject is racism and how arbitrary prejudice (subconscious or outright) limits ideas and progress. The episode is centred on Avery Brooks' stunning performance and also on his outstanding direction, but all of the actors put in tremendous work in what is one of Star Trek's most powerful hours.

The sixth season of Deep Space Nine (*****) is its strongest year, narrowly beating out the almost-as-accomplished fourth season. Thanks to Far Among the Stars and In the Pale Moonlight, not to mention the outstanding opening six-part arc, it shows the series and the franchise at its very best. The season is available on DVD in the USA and UK, as well as on CBS All Access in the States and Netflix in the UK.

Note: I previously reviewed DS9's sixth season as part of a wider review of the final two seasons twelve years ago. That review can be read here.

Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Season 5

2373. The Federation is facing its greatest crisis for centuries. Its alliance with the Klingon Empire is in tatters following the Klingons' invasion of Cardassia and open hostilities have erupted along their border. The Dominion is orchestrating events from behind the scenes. The Founders have stripped Odo's powers of transformation, leaving him a helpless "solid." With the Dominion preparing to strike, it falls again to the crew of Deep Space Nine to try to save the Federation and the entire Alpha Quadrant.

The fifth season of Deep Space Nine is effectively about getting back on track. The DS9 production team's intent for the prior year had been to put the Federation and the Dominion on a collision course to test how the Federation's ideals would hold up against a determined, equal opponent. The studio's desire to "shake things up" had rattled that premise and seen them bring in the Klingons in force, which had taken them away from where the story was meant to go. But in the fifth season Ira Steven Behr and his team decided to "make it a virtue," by using the Klingon/Federation conflict as a way of getting back to the Dominion.

The result is a run of episodes that almost rivals that of the exceptional fourth season. There isn't anything here quite as strong as The Visitor, but at times it comes damn close. Trials and Tribble-ations is the comedy highlight of the show - and possibly the entire franchise - with the DS9 crew travelling back to the events of the original series episodes The Trouble with Tribbles and interacting with Kirk, Spock and company via vintage clips (and the technology used to combine them, Forrest Gump-style, has held up very well over the past twenty-five years). It's brilliantly funny and constantly inventive. It is rivalled in these stakes by In the Cards, one of Star Trek's greatest comedic tour-de-forces and possibly the single most underrated episode in the entire Star Trek canon, as Jake and Nog attempt to procure a vintage baseball card for Sisko which results into them blundering into high-stakes political negotiations for the future of the quadrant.

Elsewhere the season has a plethora of very strong episodes. Season opener Apocalypse Rising starts to undo the damage of the Klingon arc, whilst The Ship is a great "under siege" story. Looking for par'Mach in All the Wrong Places is Cyrano de Bergerac in space and is terrific fun, whilst Nor the Battle to the Strong is the first time that Deep Space Nine plays its "war is hell" card, trying to undo the antiseptic attitude to war and conflict that had built up over the course of The Next Generation. The Assignment is a phenomenal episode where Keiko is taken over by a Pah-Wraith (the enemies of the Bajoran Prophets) and forces O'Brien to sabotage the station. It's a great episode that shows how criminally underused Rosalind Chao was as a performer over the course of the series.

The dangling Maquis plot threads are tied off in a fine duology of episodes, For the Uniform and Blaze of Glory, where Sisko and former Starfleet officer turned traitor Eddington go head-to-head in a Les Misérables-inspired story of obsession. This would be a bit more believable if Sisko had mentioned Eddington once in the dozens of episodes since his last appearance, but the actors sell it well.

Odo gets some good material in Things Past (which tries to challenge the idea of him getting out of the Cardassian occupation with his hands clean, which always seemed a stretch), The Ascent and A Simple Investigation, although the latter is undercut by Odo's first romance happening after he becomes a changeling again, rather than whilst still a solid. Ties of Blood and Water tests the limits of Quark's morality and he is horrified to find how his exposure to the Federation's ideals has limited his ruthless business edge. Soldiers of the Empire is a Klingon-centric, fun action romp, although it's let down a bit by the characters not quite gelling as well as they might (and you never really doubt that Martok is going to come through, which removes some of the tension). Doctor Bashir, I Presume is a great comedic piece, but also important for re-setting Dr. Bashir's character and explaining some nagging issues with his character over the years.

The season is let down a little by some subpar episodes. The Darkness and the Light tries to be a tense story of cat and mouse with an old enemy tracking down and eliminating Kira's resistance cell, but it sizzles out with no sense of tension. Let Her Who is Without Sin is one of DS9's vanishingly few outright awful episodes, with Worf inadvertently joining forces with some crazed (but also very beige) terrorists for reasons that are unconvincing at best. Empok Nor, which sees Garak turned into a serial killer by some kind of gas, is fairly boring. Garak is a powerful and fantastic character when allowed to play his shades of grey, turning him into a one-note villain is pointless. The Begotten is okay, but a little underwhelming (and it relies a bit too much on Rene Auberjonois acting emotionally against a piece of goo, which to be fair he just about sells). Children of Time has a very solid SF premise, but the morality of the ending is never really addressed in the series.

Where the fifth season shines, though, is the move to greater serialisation and the bringing in of bigger set-piece episodes. In Purgatory's Shadow and By Inferno's Light is as fine a two-parter as Star Trek has ever made, a huge, epic story operating on many different levels and nailing each of them superbly (with Andrew Robinson's outstanding performance as Garak a highlight). Grand politics, terrific action set pieces, characters confronting and overcoming their demons and Worf's tendency to punch things being made into a powerful storyline on its own. This is DS9 firing on all cylinders. The same can be said of the season finale, Call to Arms, which finally unleashes the dogs of war in a story featuring a huge space battle, tremendous character work and the biggest cliffhanger the franchise has ever done bar only The Best of Both Worlds.

The fifth season of Deep Space Nine (****½) is firing on all thrusters, and is only let down a little by a few more iffy episodes than the fourth year. The season is available on DVD in the USA and UK, as well as on CBS All Access in the States and Netflix in the UK.

Note: I previously reviewed DS9's fifth season as part of a wider review of the third through fifth seasons twelve years ago. That review can be read here.

Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Season 4

2372. The threat of the Dominion has created an atmosphere of paranoia and distrust across the Alpha Quadrant. The Cardassians have sealed their borders, the Federation is increasing security on Earth and the Klingons, after a century of peace, have gone on the offensive to strengthen their empire's borders. With the Federation-Klingon Alliance in jeopardy, the fate of the quadrant will be decided at Deep Space Nine.

The fourth season of Deep Space Nine marks a notable shift in the tone of the show. Prior to this season it had been well-regarded, but perhaps a little underrated by viewers. Star Trek: Voyager, which started halfway through DS9's third season, had attracted a huge amount of attention for the launch of a new starship heading into genuinely unexplored territory, whilst there was a perception that DS9 was a little stale, especially with another space station show, Babylon 5, picking up greater contemporary critical acclaim and awards. This perception, which was not really fair, had been addressed by DS9 upping the ante in its third season, introducing a new starship to help defend the station and telling more serialised stories about the rising threat of the Dominion.

Still, Paramount wanted to shake up the show and bring in some new storytelling opportunities. The DS9 writers hit on the idea of bringing in Lt. Commander Worf (Michael Dorn) from The Next Generation and making the always-popular Klingons a recurring feature of DS9. With these changes on the way, the team were asked to make Season 4 something of a "reboot" for the series, a jumping-on point for new viewers.

This explains why Season 4's movie-length opener, The Way of the Warrior, is a little bit bizarrely expository in telling us things we already know: Odo's background and capabilities as a shapeshifter are once again explained and there are lengthy recaps of the Bajoran Occupation, the threat posed by the Cardassians, Garak's background as a spy, Dukat's haphazard career trajectory, Quark's semi-criminal background, Dax's nature as a Trill and so on. This leads to quite a few scenes feeling completely redundant: this show has already aired 72 episodes (one less than the entire run of Game of Thrones and rather more than the complete runs of shows like Breaking Bad, The Wire and Orphan Black) and reintroducing the characters and concepts as if it's the first time feels a bit weird.

Once you get past that, the episode is pretty good. Shaking up the Federation-Klingon Alliance, which had gotten a little too cosy over seven seasons of The Next Generation, is a good move and bringing Worf over to DS9 makes sense. Worf's angst-ridden, constantly-conflicted backstory and nature were sometimes an awkward fit on the comfortable Enterprise-D but are much more at home on the station. The absolutely massive space battle at the end of the episode is one of DS9's most impressive action set-pieces (even as you can feel the technology of motion-controlled models creakily hitting its limitations) and the episode features several outstanding character and humour pieces among all its explosions, such as Garak and Quark's morbid realisation they are not fans of the Federation but are reliant on it for survival, whilst Quark's determination to defend his bar with a non-existent disruptor is one of the show's funniest moments.

The season goes on much as it started (mercifully with less recapping of well-established plot points). The second episode of the season, the Hugo-nominated The Visitor, holds a strong claim to being Deep Space Nine's best episode and one of the best episodes of Star Trek ever made, an exploration of family, parental relationships and obsession spanning decades and lifetimes with an outstanding performance by guest star Tony Todd.

The season seems to enjoy setting up paired episodes which explore ongoing ideas. The Jem'Hadar get more exploration in Hippocratic Oath, in which Bashir tries to free them from their addiction to the ketracel-white as a way of robbing the Dominion's power over them (despite the risk it may also turn them into uncontrollable, all-conquering monsters), to O'Brien's extreme disquiet. Later in the season, To the Death explores more of the Jem'Hadar's nature and reveals that, although they do have a very extreme, odd code of honour, they are still extremely dangerous adversaries. This episode also marks the outstanding debut of the Vorta Weyoun, one of Star Trek's best-ever villains, played with charisma, skill and charm by Jeffrey Combs.

Meanwhile, Dukat gets a lot of character development in Indiscretion, in which he and Kira form an effective working relationship and we learn that Dukat has a (somewhat) nobler side to his character, which is then developed in Return to Grace. These episodes also introduce a new recurring character in the form of Dukat's half-Bajoran daughter, Ziyal, whose very existence provides a huge amount of emotional angst for the character (as well as helping Kira's developing sense that some Cardassians can be redeemed and become allies...just never Dukat).

We also learn more of Bashir, with his lighter and more frivolous side coming to the fore in Our Man Bashir (a James Bond parody that landed the production team in hot water with Paramount's legal department, who received threatening letters from MGM) and his more obsessive, arrogant side come out in The Quickening (as well as Hippocratic Oath). Meanwhile, the Rom/Quark relationship gets a lot of development in Little Green Men, Bar Association and Body Parts (the latter two also seeing the return of "Brunt, FCA," also courtesy of the magnificent Jeffrey Combs), which go a long way to fleshing out the Ferengi as a serious (ish) people with their own culture and beliefs.

New (to DS9) character Worf also gets a lot of development though episodes like The Sword of Kahless, Rules of Engagement and Sons of Mogh, which all do well to flesh out Worf and also give him more stuff to do other than just getting beaten up by the alien guest star of the week to show how tough they are.

Elements which had been much more key to DS9's identity in previous season are reduced to almost token appearances here. Accession is the season's sole contribution to the Bajoran spirituality/Emissary storyline, where Sisko gratefully relinquishes the title of Emissary to a Bajoran who's been trapped in the wormhole for three centuries, only to discovery the new Emissary is a hardline religious conservative who wants Bajor to return to outdated cultural practices from centuries ago. Sisko ends up having to fight for the very title he's wanted to get rid of for three years. Similarly, the Maquis get a sole episode about them in For the Cause, where the Maquis cleverly try to use the beating the Cardassians are receiving at the hands of the Klingons as a way of securing their political goals. There's also only one "let's torture O'Brien" episode, with the superb Hard Time. Shattered Mirror is the season's signature Mirror Universe episode and is a fun piece with an excellent space battle. The season also has only one episode focusing on Odo's unrequited love for Kira, Crossfire, but it's an outstanding piece of character drama with magnificent performances from Rene Auberjonois and Armin Shimerman, and one of the best low-key episodes in all of Star Trek's history.

Even the Dominion get a low-key season. Starship Down sees a badly-crippled Defiant playing cat-and-mouse with two Dominion warships in the atmosphere of a gas giant, in a tense submarine-style movie. It's tremendous fun, with a great guest performance by James Cromwell (just ahead of him going off to shoot the movie First Contact). The two-parter Homefront and Paradise Lost at first glance looks like a Dominion show, but it's actually a story about paranoia and how the Federation allows distrust and fear to get loose on Earth, with almost catastrophic results without the Dominion even having to lift a finger. The finale, Broken Link, is a great character piece which explores more about the Founders.

The most notable thing is that virtually all of these episodes are great. There are some small flaws along the way - Little Green Men is a bit too comedic, Rules of Engagement loses its main character in Worf for long stretches of the episode - but the season only has one mediocre episode, The Muse, about an alien who gets its power by...watching Jake Sisko write? It's a weird concept that never really works, although a subplot about Odo having to rescue Lwaxana Troi with a dramatic declaration of romantic intent is surprisingly more enjoyable.

The result is that 24 out of the 25 episodes this season are good to excellent, incorporating one of the greatest Star Trek episodes of all time in The Visitor and multiple other compelling pieces. These all give the fourth season of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (*****) a good claim to being its strongest year. The season is available on DVD in the USA and UK, as well as on CBS All Access in the States and Netflix in the UK.

Note: I previously reviewed DS9's third season as part of a wider review of the third through fifth seasons twelve years ago. That review can be read here.

Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Season 3

2371. The Federation is facing its greatest threat since the Borg: the Dominion, a powerful empire in the Gamma Quadrant which is no longer willing to tolerate violations of their territory. The fear of shapeshifters infiltrating the Alpha Quadrant will lead to desperate measures being taken to head off the threat, and the assignment of the Federation's most powerful combat vessel to the front line at Deep Space Nine.

There is a strong belief that Star Trek shows - at least those since the original series - only start getting good with their third season. Star Trek: The Next Generation's first two seasons were highly variable and only started producing reliably good episodes in its third year, whilst Enterprise only really got going when it embraced a serialised storyline in its third season. The third season of Discovery has also (so far) been a big improvement over the first two, patchy years.

This wasn't quite as true of Deep Space Nine, which started reasonably well with one of the franchises's best debut seasons and levelled up impressively in its second outing. Instead, the third season represented a continuation of the smooth improvement in quality the show experienced over its first four seasons.

The season has several recurring storylines. The show isn't really serialised in the same as quasi-rival Babylon 5 (at least at this stage), but it did make greater use of continuity and references than previously. This is apparent in the first, two-part story The Search, which picks up on the cliffhanger ending to the second season which established the Dominion as a major threat. In The Search, which marks the writing debut for DS9 of TNG writer (and future BSG and Outlander showrunner) Ronald D. Moore, the show gets a new asset in the form of the USS Defiant, an experimental warship to help defend against the threat and also provide the crew with a better way of getting around than the tiny runabouts. In a notable plot development, Odo also discovers where he came from and more about his people, including some very unpleasant truths. It's a solid action story, although some elements in the second part prove disappointing.

The season goes onto have a long streak of pretty good episodes. The House of Quark is a culture-clash comedy between the Ferengi and Klingons but which also gives Quark the chance to be heroic (as well as introducing Next Generation fan-favourite Gowron to DS9). Second Skin sees Kira discovering she's an undercover Cardassian spy with false-implanted Bajoran memories. The episode doesn't waste time trying to really convince the viewer this might be true, but the reasoning for the deception is intriguing. Civil Defense is a superbly entertaining disaster movie episode where the station's old anti-uprising security system is accidentally reactivated and goes haywire. Defiant is another great action story, using a visiting Thomas Riker to set off a desperate battle with the Cardassians with Sisko reluctantly joining forces with Gul Dukat to shoot down one of his own ships (in a manner similar to the 1964 film Fail Safe). Shakaar sees Kira forced to resume her life as a freedom fighter when Kai Winn cracks down on a group of farmers who defy her, resulting in a terrific Western-style action show. Through the Looking Glass returns to the Mirror Universe and achieves some nice character reflection by uniting Sisko with the mirror counterpart of his deceased wife (although the fact the Sisko sleeps with both the mirror Dax and mirror Kira in this episode is kind of brushed over).

The Past Tense two-parter starts a trend for DS9 episodes for directly engaging with difficult social issues rather than using some kind of standard Star Trek metaphor for them. The episode directly transports Sisko, Dax and Bashir to 2024 San Francisco, which is riven by immense wealth inequality and homelessness, and having to deal with the problems they encounter before returning home. It's an extremely strong two-parter with great performances. Later on the season blows up the Dominion threat even further with Improbable Cause and The Die is Cast, a far-reaching two-parter which sees the Romulans and Cardassians join forces for a secret strike on the Founders' homeworld, with Odo and Garak reluctantly dragged along for the wide.

Heart of Stone and Destiny are very solid character pieces, reflecting on Odo's growing realisation he is in love with Major Kira and on Sisko's position as the Emissary causing conflict with his position as a Starfleet officer. Visionary is the season's regular "let's torture O'Brien" episode and has him shifting randomly in time as part of shenanigans with the Romulans. Explorers sees DS9 engaging with real, solid piece of hard SF, the idea of using "light sails" to cross interstellar space, and makes a very good fist of it. Family Business introduces Quark's mother, the Ferengi homeworld and the character of "Brunt, FCA," played with an outright genius performance by Jeffrey Combs. As a piece of worldbuilding for the Ferengi, it is terrific. The season finale, The Adversary, is low-key but a solid bit of tension as a changeling infiltrator plays cat and mouse with the crew on The Defiant.

Other episodes have good notions but mixed execution. The Abandoned is a simple rewrite of TNG's I, Borg, with a Jem'Hadar in place of a Borg, but falters due to a lack of focus: it's an Odo episode where it takes more than a third of the episode to get Odo involved in the story, with a somewhat weak resolution. Meridian has a great central premise - a planet that only appears for a few days every few decades, and Dax falls in love with one of the inhabitants - but doesn't do much with it. Life Support sees Vedek Bareil taking part in urgent peace negotiations with the Cardassians despite being heavily injured and the treatments he seeks to keep going threatens his life. TNG had similar ideas in both Too Short a Season and Loud as a Whisper and Life Support offers no new insights on the premise.

Prophet Motive is a very promising Ferengi episode and Wallace Shawn is always great as the Grand Nagus, but it feels the episode doesn't quite deliver on its premise of fleshing out the Ferengi ideology of capitalist greed, though it is quite amusing that Quark of all people becomes the second person to successfully communicate with the Prophets. Equilibrium and Facets are great for fleshing out Dax's backstory (the prior in a manner similar to what Doctor Who has since done, twice) but neither episode quite catches fire.

There's very few outright weak links in the season. Fascination - where a visiting Betazoid gets sick and telepathically "infects" the regular characters with romantic feelings for random people - is tedious. Distant Voices may be one of DS9's absolute nadirs, a poorly-conceived dream episode about Bashir's fear of aging which doesn't really accomplish much.

With weak episodes few and far between and a growing sense of menace and danger building across the season as the threat from the Dominion escalates, complete with the first major fleet battles in Star Trek's history, Deep Space Nine's third season (****½) is an accomplished, strong piece of work. The season is available on DVD in the USA and UK, as well as on CBS All Access in the States and Netflix in the UK.

Note: I previously reviewed DS9's third season as part of a wider review of the third through fifth seasons twelve years ago. That review can be read here.

Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Season 2

2370. The Federation's attempts to help the planet Bajor recover from Cardassian occupation are strained when civil war threatens the planet and religious turmoil surrounds the election of a new spiritual leader. Whilst Commander Sisko and his crew attempt to navigate through tricky waters, a new Federation-Cardassian treaty has left colony worlds of each power in earth other's space, resulting in the rise of new tensions and a freedom fighting group, the Maquis. Meanwhile, the exploration of the Gamma Quadrant beyond the wormhole proceeds apace and the Ferengi become the first power to forge trading alliances with worlds there...only to learn of the existence of something called "the Dominion," which is not happy about the influx of new traffic into their space.

The first season of Deep Space Nine was reasonably entertaining, if not the most exciting collection of episodes in the franchise's history. The writers didn't seem entirely sure on the new show's tone and direction to start with and relied a little too heavily on bringing in Next Generation characters and ideas. Towards the end of the season, however, they decided to focus more on their own characters and premise, resulting in several excellent episodes (especially Duet).

Season 2 opens with the same confidence in their own skills on full display. For the first time ever in Star Trek's history, the season launches with a three-part story that delves deep into Bajoran politics and conflicts. It's a great story that uses the show's recurring cast - Dukat, Winn, Bareil - to best effect, but it's also a solid worldbuilding exercise for Bajor and has some great action beats (even if an atmospheric dogfight between Bajoran fighters is a little too ambitious for the effects technology at this point). It also has a very impressive main guest star in Frank Langella (Frost/Nixon), who makes for a formidable antagonist.

The season has more than a few great episodes: Cardassians, The Wire, The Collaborator and Tribunal feature solid stories about the Occupation and its aftermath, providing great acting opportunities for the regular and recurring cast. Particularly, Andrew Robinson's Garak goes to incredible strengths and becomes arguably the best actor on the show, although he's given a run for his money by the likes of Marc Alaimo, Louise Fletcher, Nana Visitor and Rene Auberjonois.

Also outstanding is Sanctuary, where the Bajorans have to grapple with ethics and morality when they are asked to help a race which has suffered as much as they have. Whispers is an excellent character piece, focused entirely on O'Brien as the world around him goes strange and he has no idea what's going on. Armageddon Game is a great show about politics and perception, furthering the Bashir/O'Brien bromance in the process. Profit and Loss is a great Quark show, depicting more sides to the character than previously seen (as well as Garak). Blood Oath is an exceptional episode bringing back three key Klingon characters and actors from the original series in an action piece that also demonstrates Dax's involvement with the Klingon Empire (foreshadowing the later arrival of Worf). The Maquis is a great two-parter about how signing a peace of paper doesn't magically solve problems on the ground. Crossover begins the show's long-running flirtation with the Mirror Universe, featuring some great alternate roles for the actors to inhabit (Nana Visitor in particular).

The outstanding, best episode of the season is Necessary Evil, a lengthy flashback episode to the station's days under Cardassian occupation, where rejected scientific curiosity Odo is forced against his will by Gul Dukat to conduct a murder investigation. It's a moody, terrifically-written piece which sees the station's sets adjusted in a manner that makes them hellish and sees amazing performances by everyone involved. It also explains why Odo was allowed to retain his job on the station and why more than a few Bajorans (particularly Kira) are prepared to stand up for him despite him being, on the surface, a collaborator or at least an enabler of the Cardassian regime.

Rules of Acquisition is a solid Ferengi episode and marks the beginning of Deep Space Nine's long-running project to redeem the species. The "lol, misogyny" aspect of their Next Generation appearances starts its long road to being discarded here, and it's amusing to note in retrospect that it's one of Star Trek's most underrated races which first becomes aware of the Dominion, who will come to dominate almost the rest of the show's run. 

Other episodes have strong central ideas but don't really take off: Invasive Procedures wants to be a deep-rooted Trill drama about stealing Dax's symbiont, but can't really do the idea justice. Melora wants to say something about disability, but because the main character's disability is self-chosen and temporary, it doesn't really track. Second Sight wants to be a love story for Sisko, but goes off in a very weird "Star Trek hallucination...or is it?" direction that becomes a bit tedious. The Alternate starts off as a welcome piece of backstory exploration for Odo, as we meet the Bajoran scientist who raised him, but the episode refuses to make him really culpable for the pain he inflicted on Odo in his experiments and then goes off on a completely wild monster hunt tangent that feels incongruous at best. Paradise is a very interesting "back to basics" story about a Federation colony that has reverted to a hunter-gatherer level, but what seems to be an idyllic existence is rapidly exposed as a tyranny. This feels like DS9's first brush with dealing with oppression and bigotry (especially the scene of forcing Sisko into a punishment box), but it never really gets to grips with what it wants to say, especially compared to later episodes like Far Beyond the Stars.

There are a few more episodes that fit into the "okay" category: Rivals has promising ideas about a rival to Quark from the same species as TNG's Guinan who uses his powers for personal gain, but gets mixed up with alien devices that alter the laws of probability (possibly inspired by The Hitch-Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy). The episode is entertaining, but doesn't make the most of either possibility. Shadowplay is a nice mystery story about a village whose people are disappearing one-by-one. The resolution is quite good and there a nice subplot about Odo bonding with a young child, but it's not the most dynamic of episodes. Playing God has the DS9 crew confront one of the most serious threats in the entire history of Star Trek and resolving it in one of the most bafflingly off-hand ways possible.

The season ends on a very strong note. The Jem'Hadar properly introduces the Dominion and two of its three main powers, the Vorta and Jem'Hadar. It also has an outstanding space battle as DS9's runabouts and the Galaxy-class USS Odyssey join forces to take on a Jem'Hadar attack fleet, with decidedly mixed results. Amongst the explosions, the episode is also terrific for Quark taking Sisko and his stereotypical view of the Ferengi to task (the moment that Sisko realises is right and he has developed almost racist views of the Ferengi is quite impressive, well-handled by Avery Brooks and Armin Shimerman). The only downside to the episode is that the Dominion's position - they don't want people pouring into their space and colonising planets without their permission - seems quite reasonable and the Federation's response, that they're going to keep exploring the Gamma Quadrant regardless, feels off.

The second season of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (****) shows significant improvement over the first season. The show is still not operating at the height of its potential but it's making solid progress to getting there. The series is available on DVD in the USA and UK, as well as on CBS All Access in the States and Netflix in the UK.

Note: I previously reviewed DS9's second season as part of a wider review of the first two seasons twelve years ago. That review can be read here.

Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Season 1

2369. The Cardassian Union has withdrawn from its forty-year occupation of the planet Bajor, leaving behind a world with shattered infrastructure and riven with factions and religious strife. The United Federation of Planets offers to help in the reconstruction, taking over orbital station Terok Nor (now renamed Deep Space Nine) and installing a Starfleet administration staff. When a stable wormhole is discovered linking the Bajoran system to the distant Gamma Quadrant of the galaxy, Bajor's future is secured...if they can stop the Cardassians retaking the planet. Deep Space Nine is moved to the mouth of the phenomenon and Commander Benjamin Sisko and his crew have to work to secure the alliance between the Federation and Bajor whilst dealing with the mysteries that lie beyond the wormhole.

It is common - after the original - for Star Trek shows to have decidedly ropey first seasons. The Next Generation's first season was pretty weak, with badly-written episodes relying on racist and sexist stereotypes abounding, with only hints of the greatness that the show would later achieve. Voyager's first season was almost somnambulant, Enterprise's was full of potential that it never came close to realising and modern shows Picard and Discovery both had shaky opening seasons, with excellent casts struggling with wildly inconsistent writing.

Deep Space Nine emerges, almost by default, as having the best opening season of any Star Trek show since the original and also the best pilot. That doesn't mean that either are flawlessly great, but they are batting above average for this franchise.

DS9 was launched as the somewhat "darker," "grittier", and "edgier" spin-off of The Next Generation. Incoming head of Paramount television Brandon Tartikoff had mandated a spin-off show be made and, when the Next Generation team were struggling for ideas, suggested that they base the spin-off on 1950s Western The Rifleman, just as the original series and TNG had been based on the Western Wagon Train. The Rifleman was about a veteran, widowed soldier and his young son making a home for themselves in a dangerous town on the very frontier of the American West. Michael Piller and Rick Berman developed the spin-off with this idea perhaps a bit too literally in mind: hence Ben Sisko (Avery Brooks), a widowed veteran of the war against the Borg that ended The Next Generation's third season, relocating to the dangerous frontier station of DS9 with his young son Jake (Cirroc Lofton). Originally the inspiration would have been even more directly obvious, with the series being set on a starbase on the surface of Bajor, but budgetary considerations (location shooting for every episode would have been ruinous) and plot limitations (the setting would have made Bajor too much the focus of the show) encouraged the producers to move the story to a space station setting, with the wormhole introduced as a means of allowing the show to still explore unknown space.

The most unusual feature of the show - still - is that it blends Starfleet crewmembers with non-Starfleet personnel, with Sisko and his team having to work alongside alien shapeshifter Odo (Rene Auberjonois), Bajoran first officer Kira Nerys (Nana Visitor) and Ferengi barkeeper Quark (Armin Shimerman). This means that not all the characters in the show are under Sisko's authority and there is much butting of heads between different cultures and ways of doing things. This generated conflict, and thus drama and stories, circumventing Gene Roddenberry's The Next Generation proscription against drama and conflict between Starfleet characters (something he himself had violated lots of times with various "dodgy admiral" stories, but still). It also added texture to the setting. Previous shows had focused on Starfleet and the Federation perspective near-exclusively, but The Next Generation had modified its focus over time to use Worf to explore the Klingon culture and Deanna Troi the Betazeds. DS9 makes use of its alien characters to explore those cultures in tremendous depth and use them as a way to reflect back on the Federation.

This tremendous depth is impressive, but in the first season, still fairly nascent. Odo's history is a total blank page and only vague hints of his origins are provided this early on. Quark is a petty criminal but also one that doesn't take too many risks and also isn't too keen on mayhem and murder. He has a line he won't step over, not believing in risking his own skin. It's Kira who emerges as the most fleshed-out character in the first season, starting off as a staunch Bajoran nationalist who doesn't believe the Federation should be involved in Bajor's reconstruction, but later becoming more of a believer in cooperation and the need for the Federation to be involved to stop the Cardassians returning. This development gives the first season a reasonably strong character arc, something rather unusual at the time in episodic television, let alone Star Trek.

This early nod towards serialisation is still fairly underdeveloped. There are secondary and tertiary characters introduced this season who only show up once but have much bigger roles in later seasons: rival Bajoran vedeks Winn (Louise Fletcher) and Bareil (Philip Anglim), and "simple tailor" Garak (Andrew Robinson) all make the most of their solitary appearances this season but set themselves up well for later developments. Gul Dukat (Marc Alaimo) appears a few more times and is set up tremendously well at this point as a foil and opponent for Sisko.

The cast is superb, with Brooks being a more idiosyncratic figure than William Shatner or Patrick Stewart but also a commanding, military figure with a nice line in confrontational diplomacy (and a temper, the sort of weakness Roddenberry would have blanched at). Visitor is outstanding as Kira, Auberjonois is flawlessly gruff as Odo but with an excellent line in subtlety and Shimerman is clearly having tremendous fun as Quark. Terry Farrell as Lt. Jadzia Dax is a bit more lost in the mix in the first season and often doesn't have much to do, but is great when she does, playing the mixture of a young Starfleet officer and world-weary Trill symbiont with 300 years of experience in her head very well. Colm Meaney's Chief O'Brien transfers over from The Next Generation with a much bigger role as the station's chief engineer and nails it perfectly, becoming the most human and relatable character in the cast. An unfortunate weak link at this stage is Siddig El Fadil (later re-credited as Alexander Siddig) as Dr. Julian Bashir: the original plan had been to cast a young hothead as the doctor and the writers weren't able to adjust their scripting to Siddig's strengths until the second season. This leaves him as an underwritten character in the first season with little characterisation outside his arrogance and somewhat tedious pursuit of Lt. Dax. Given his extraordinary later performances, it's a shame to see Siddig being ill-served by the material at this stage.

The season starts out strong with arguably Star Trek's best pilot, Emissary, which introduces the fairly complicated set-up and plot but manages to get through it quite well. It's still a fairly inelegant pilot, rooted in exposition, but it does its job of introducing the characters and setting up the premise. The first season goes on to have a run of quite strong episodes: Captive Pursuit sees O'Brien introduce the first alien visitor from the Gamma Quadrant; Dax is a thorny, class Trek ethical conundrum as Lt. Dax is accused of a crime carried out by a previous host; The Nagus has a great guest turn by Wallace Shawn (The Princess Bride) as the Ferengi Grand Nagus, Zek; Battle Lines is an unusually violent episode about a culture trapped in a perpetual war (with a great turn by Breaking Bad's Jonathan Banks as the main guest star); and Progress is a great early Kira episode.

Inbetween you have episodes with great elements but which are let down by some writing decisions: Past Prologue is a fascinating look at Bajor's mixed attitudes to the Federation and the wormhole, but is undermined by a pointless cameo by The Next Generation villains Lursa and B'Etor; Q-Less is terrific fun with John de Lancie on fine form as Q in his sole appearance on DS9, but it does feel more like a TNG episode than a DS9 one; Vortex is a promising Odo episode undermined by a weak guest star; If Wishes Were Horses is a typical "weird things happen on the station; strange aliens involved" Star Trek cliché that was getting old in the original show; and Babel is an "alien virus infects the crew but the doctor saves the day in under fifty minutes" piece, although the solution is a little more creative than normal.

In terms of real howlers, the season is remarkable in only having one: The Passenger, in which Dr. Bashir gets taken over by a murderous psychopath. Even by Star Trek's elastic standards, the science is laughably unconvincing and Siddig El Fadil's attempts to depict the possessed Bashir by making him speak...reallly....slowly are just painful.

Other episodes have weak premises but are livened up by the execution: The Storyteller doesn't make much sense (everyone seems really chill with this one Bajoran village being constantly terrorised by a random cloud monster) but wonderfully sets up the Bashir/O'Brien bromance that will extend across the series; Dramatis Personae has a potentially tedious "the crew acting out of character due to alien influence" storyline but by exaggerating pre-existing tensions rather than creating them out of thin air, it forces the characters to confront genuine issues; and the controversial Move Along Home is so deranged that fans think it's either one of the worst episodes of Star Trek ever made or an unsung work of genius (especially the fantastic ending, which subverts the typical Star Trek ending in a hilarious manner).

The season also has two stand-out classics. Duet is simply one of the best Star Trek episodes ever made, a powerful two-hander between Nana Visitor and guest star Harris Yulin (a perennial great of American television and film who's never quite gotten the profile he deserved, who should have gotten an Emmy for his performance here) that dives deep into the Cardassian/Bajoran relationship, war crimes and survivor guilt. The ending, where Kira discovers that even her hatred for the Cardassians has limits, is one of Star Trek's all-time best moments of characterisation.

The season finale, In the Hands of the Prophets isn't quite in that league, but it is a wonderful piece of drama and worldbuilding, putting Starfleet's morality and ethics squarely in the firing line. The Federation believes in respecting other cultures and their religion without indulging or propagating their beliefs, but on a station the Federation doesn't own this becomes extremely difficult, with Keiko O'Brien's school in the firing line when she starts teaching the scientific truth of the wormhole rather than the Bajoran religious belief that it is the Celestial Temple of their religion, the home of their gods (and not mere "wormhole aliens"). This set up a decidedly timely debate on science versus religion and how respectful teachers should be of beliefs that are not supported, if not flatly contradicted, by science (evolution versus creationism was becoming a big issue at the time in American schools). As well a reasonably strong season finale, it also sets up the rest of the series and acts as a prologue to the three-part arc that opens the second season.

The first season of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (***½) is the weakest of the show's seven seasons, but still lands quite well, certainly much better than the first season of almost any other Trek show (bar the original and maybe Lower Decks, depending on your sense of humour). It establishes a number of interesting characters, and by Star Trek standards has a low number of forgettable or poor episodes and, for a rookie outing, a nicely large number of good to excellent episodes. Whilst it could be stronger, it sets up the show well. The series is available on DVD in the USA and UK, as well as on CBS All Access in the States and Netflix in the UK.

Note: I previously reviewed DS9's first season as part of a wider review of the first two seasons twelve years ago. That review can be read here.

SF&F Questions: Did Deep Space Nine rip off Babylon 5?

In our latest SF&F Question we address one of the biggest controversies in the history of science fiction television: did Star Trek: Deep Space Nine rip off its contemporary and "rival"space station show Babylon 5?

The Basics

Deep Space Nine was the second spin-off television series based on Star Trek. It ran for seven seasons and 178 episodes, debuting on 3 January 1993 and concluding on 2 June 1999.

Babylon 5 was an original science fiction television series which ran for five seasons and 110 episodes, along with an additional six TV movies and its own spin-off show which ran for half a season. It debuted on 22 February 1993 with a stand-alone pilot movie. Season 1 proper debuted on 26 January 1994 and the show concluded on 25 November 1998.

Both shows are set on enormous space stations, which the series is named after. Deep Space Nine is set on a space station near the planet Bajor, which is recovering from forty years of military occupation by the ruthless Cardassian Union. The United Federation of Planets and its space exploration wing, Starfleet, are called in to help run the station and advise the Bajorans on the rebuilding of their world.

Babylon 5's space station (which is considerably larger than DS9) is a sort-of United Nations in space, where representatives from five major governments and dozens of smaller ones meet to discuss important interstellar affairs. The impetus to build the station came from a devastating war between the Earth Alliance and Minbari Federation that cost the lives of hundreds of thousands and destabilised the galaxy.

The contention, made directly by Babylon 5's creator and executive producer J. Michael Straczynski at the time, was that Deep Space Nine had ripped off Babylon 5's concepts and ideas, from the broad idea of setting the show on a space station to some specific elements such as having a shapeshifting character (the Minbari assassin in B5's pilot was originally an actual shapeshifting alien) and the presence of an interstellar "gateway" near the station (the wormhole in DS9's case, the jump gate in B5's case).

Wait, Babylon 5 started after DS9. How can it have ripped it off?

It's true that DS9 aired its pilot episode, Emissary, six weeks before B5 aired its pilot, The Gathering, and took a lot longer to get its first season proper on air. In fact, DS9 was halfway through its second season before B5 could begin airing its first. However, this does not tell the full story of the two shows' development; Babylon 5 was created, conceived and outlined almost five years before DS9 was commissioned.

J. Michael Straczynski came up with the idea for Babylon 5 in 1986 or 1987; he seeded a mention of the name into Final Stand, one of his episodes for Captain Power and the Soldiers of the Future, which aired on 4 October 1987. He developed the Babylon 5 series bible around this time and wrote a pilot script (an early but still-recognisable version of The Gathering), plus a full set of 22 episode outlines for a full season of the show. Concept artist Peter Ledger also provided paintings of the titular space station and its crew. This package was shopped around CBS, ABC and HBO in 1988 to no avail.

In early 1989 Straczynski and his prospective production partners, Douglas Netter and John Copeland, received a boost when they met Evan Thompson, the head of a group of local stations called Chris Craft. Syndication - where a show is sold direct to lots of local TV stations rather than one of the big national networks - was experiencing a renaissance thanks to the success of Paramount Television's Star Trek: The Next Generation (which had launched in September 1987) and Chris Craft was interested in lining up a new show for the syndication market. Babylon 5 fit the bill, they felt, and they hoped a new science fiction show would do similar numbers to Star Trek for them.
To this end Thompson took the Babylon 5 project directly to Paramount Television. He presented them with the pilot script, the 22 additional episode outlines, the outline of a serialised five-year story arc and the detailed production notes which suggested that the show could be made for less money than TNG. Paramount sat on the notes for about eight to nine months and the producers he spoke to were enthusiastic about the project, but Paramount's senior management felt that having a second science fiction/space opera show set in a completely different universe would be too confusing and would cannibalise the Star Trek audience. By the end of 1989 they had formally passed on the B5 project and Thompson was given back the notes, scripts and outlines.

Eventually Babylon 5 found a home at Warner Brothers and their new Prime-Time Entertainment Network (PTEN), an alliance of syndicated stations. The show was formerly announced as being in development in the summer of `1991. Two months later, Paramount Television announced that they were developing a spin-off from Star Trek: The Next Generation, called Star Trek: Deep Space IX (later changed to Deep Space Nine after too many people wrote in asking what a "Deep Space Ix" was) that would be set on a large space station. Straczynski was not slow in calling foul and reminding people that Paramount had had the story notes for Babylon 5 for almost a year and could have cribbed whatever notes that'd wanted from them.

Okay, that sounds pretty plausible actually. So what is Paramount's side of the story?

Paramount's side of the story is pretty straightforward: they themselves didn't come up with the basic notion of DS9. Instead it came in with a new executive to the network who did not have prior access to any internal documents related to the 1989 Babylon 5 proposal.

Backtracking a little: despite risible critical notices, the first two seasons of Star Trek: The Next Generation had done gangbusters for Paramount in terms of ratings and therefore advertising profitability. With the third season of TNG, including its epic Borg cliffhanger episode, The Best of Both Worlds, improving the show's critical and commercial success, they wanted to exploit this by developing more shows in the same setting. However, executive producers Rick Berman and Michael Pillar weren't sure how to approach this and, with TNG being a time-consuming show, they put these ideas on the backburner.

The situation changed in 1991. Brandon Tartikoff, one of the most feted and respected television executives in Hollywood, had departed NBC after fourteen years. During his time at the network he had displayed a canny eye for gauging what would work and what wouldn't, making such far-reaching decisions as renewing Cheers and Seinfeld even after the first few seasons of each show brought in terrible ratings and being rewarded when they both became the biggest shows on television. He was also involved in the creation of The Cosby Show, Miami Vice and The Golden Girls, all of which became immense successes despite Hollywood wisdom being set against them.
Tartikoff was asked to join Paramount Television, which was in the doldrums and needed some firing up. Tartikoff accepted the job and arrived in the post of chairman with one firm idea already in place: a new Star Trek television series. One of his first actions was to summon Berman and Piller to his office (they were terrified that he was going to cancel TNG) and presented them with a concept he'd already developed: if the original Star Trek series and TNG were both "Wagon Train to the stars" - a reference to a 1957-65 Western TV show about pioneers exploring the American West - than he wanted the new show to be "The Rifleman in space", a reference to a 1958-63 TV series focusing on a widowed sheriff trying to keep the peace in a fractious frontier town whilst also raising his young son. The new Star Trek show would therefore not be set on a starship but a starbase, one of the planetary bases frequently visited in both Star Trek series, and the show would deal with the problems of being stationary in possibly hostile surroundings rather than being able to roar off at the end of each week's adventure.

Piller and Berman ran with the idea - possibly a bit more literally than Tartikoff had expected - by proposing that a Starfleet base had been set up on a planet recently under hostile alien occupation, with a newly-widowed Starfleet officer assigned to command the base with his son. The officer's wife had been killed by the Borg in the Battle of Wolf 359 and he was suffering issues related to that event. They decided the occupying aliens would be the Cardassians - introduced in the then-recently-aired TNG episode The Wounded - and created the planet Bajor and its spiritual inhabitants as the planet in question. They also mused on using a stable wormhole (an idea introduced in Star Trek: The Motion Picture in 1979 and further expanded on in the TNG episode The Price, which had aired in November 1989) as a way of revitalising Bajor's economy and introducing strife with the Cardassians, who'd abandoned the planet before the wormhole was discovered.

However, they ran into problems just a couple of weeks later when costing the show. One of the appeals of doing the project was having regular location filming to make the show feel less claustrophobic than TNG and give it a very different look. The problem is that regular location filming would have meant either almost doubling the budget beyond TNG (at that point already the most expensive TV show on the air) or spending many episodes indoors without going outside, which seemed pointless. They decided that moving the show onto a space station made more sense: starbases were established as also being space stations in the original show and having the show set in space would allow for the exploration and space battles that viewers had come to expect. It also allowed them to have outings to other planets (Bajor or new worlds in the Gamma Quadrant beyond the wormhole) or stay on the station as budgets required. Indeed, the show's first official announcement poster indicated they would be using the already-established Spacedock design from the movie Star Trek III for the space station, but they later decided that using a Cardassian station would be more interesting.

Paramount's defences to the charge of ripping off Babylon 5, therefore, are that 1) the person who came up with the basic idea of DS9 hadn't been working at Paramount previously and arrived with the concept already in place before he'd seen any documents; 2) the B5 documents were all returned to Evan Thompson before 1989 was over and no copies were made (and indeed, it would been legally dubious to do so); 3) the original concept was for a planetary base and was only moved to a space station for budgetary reasons; and 4) that many of the concepts used in DS9, including the wormhole and even the original space station design, predated B5's original genesis by years.

More common sense arguments can also be made: a space opera TV show is going to be either set on a spaceship, a space station or a planet, and with Star Trek already having a starship-set show on the air and with the planet option eliminated by budgetary requirements, a space station was the only setting left.

Right. So what about the shapeshifting alien?

Straczynski's original 1987 The Gathering draft had a shapeshifting alien trying to kill Ambassador Kosh and being defeated. Visual effects limitations would have required this alien to have shifted form with some kind of blurry effect or even off-screen. It should be noted that this alien was only ever intended to appear in the pilot episode.

Deep Space Nine, on the other hand, was pretty much ordered by Paramount to include a shapeshifting alien to cash in on the craze for "morphing". This CG technology had been pioneered by the 1988 movie The Abyss by James Cameron but had exploded in the public consciousness with Cameron's film Terminator 2: Judgement Day, released in July 1991. The T-1000 android's ability to shift shape was accomplished by cutting-edge computer technology and it led to an insane craze for both TV shows and films to use the same software (as well as music videos, such as Michael Jackson's "Black or White"). Paramount wanted a shapeshifting alien as a regular character on DS9 to cash in on this craze, not because an unused TV outline from two years earlier had such a character as a one-off villain.

Okay, that sounds pretty convincing from their perspective. So why is this explanation not more widely known?

J. Michael Straczynski was a pioneer in the use of the Internet for discussing his work and his TV shows: he was sitting on chat groups as early as 1990 talking about the series. Most people in the United States didn't even know what the Internet was until circa 1995 and the Star Trek team were slow to start using the Internet as a means of communicating with fans. As a result, the full story of the creation of Deep Space Nine and Brandon Tartikoff's involvement was not publicly known until the publication of The Deep Space Nine Companion in 2000. Tartikoff himself passed away in 1997 and Michael Piller in 2005, so neither are still with us to comment on the situation. On the other hand, Straczynski was discussing it loudly and publicly from 1991 onwards, so his version of events became dominant in the media.

It should be noted that, many years later, Straczynski also withdrew his suggestion that DS9 ripped off B5, saying that he did not believe Rick Berman nor Michael Piller (whom Straczynski knew) would knowingly rip off another writer's material. He left open the idea that a Paramount executive may have "steered" some discussion with material from his notes, but no evidence for this has ever been produced.

Okay, but did the shows have an impact on one another during production and transmission?

This is clearer. For example, the Cardassians were supposed to have a clandestine intelligence agency known as the "Grey Order", introduced in Season 2 of DS9. One of the production staff pointed out that Babylon 5 had a "Grey Council" (the rulers of the Minbari Federation) and the Cardassian name was changed to "Obsidian Order" to avoid any confusion.

Ron Thornton, the creator of Babylon 5's cutting-edge CGI, also claimed in 1996 that the introduction of the White Star (a warship the B5 crew could use to get around in) was directly inspired by the introduction of the USS Defiant on DS9 a full year earlier, a claim furiously denied by Straczynski who pointed out that the show simply needed a ship bigger than the standard fighters and shuttles to take the fight to the enemy. It should be noted that the relationship between B5's producers and its CGI team at Foundation Imaging was breaking down at this point, so it's unclear if Thornton's comment was meant seriously or in jest (and Ron Thornton passed away in 2016, making it difficult to clarify further).

The acrimony between the two shows resulted in furious flame wars between their respective fandoms on the Internet, becoming notable enough that Straczynski dialled down his criticisms of DS9. This thawing of tensions may have also been down to the fact that Straczynski was good friends with Jeri Taylor, executive producer on Star Trek: Voyager, and wanted to cool things down. To this end he also convinced Majel Barrett-Roddenberry (Number One, Nurse Chapel, Lwaxana Troi and various Federation computer voices on multiple Star Trek shows) to guest star on Babylon 5 during its third season.

Answer: Deep Space Nine did not rip off Babylon 5, despite the fortuitous timing and some very superficial surface similarities which do not withstand detailed scrutiny. A spin-off from the very successful Next Generation was a natural progression for the franchise and a space station setting was a logical extrapolation once a planetary setting was ruled out. There is also no evidence Paramount made (highly unethical, if not illegal) copies of the B5 notes or passed these onto the DS9 producers, and the charge was later withdrawn by B5's executive producer.

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Happy 25th Birthday to STAR TREK: DEEP SPACE NINE

Star Trek: Deep Space Nine turns 25 years old today.

Deep Space Nine hit screens on 3 January 1993 with its feature-length pilot episode Emissary. The first spin-off from Star Trek: The Next Generation, the series was the first (and, to date, only) instalment of the Star Trek franchise not to be set on a starship. Instead, the show was focused on one location, the enormous Cardassian-built space station Deep Space Nine.

Inspired by the then-ongoing crisis in the Balkans and the collapse of the Soviet Union, DS9 did a number of things differently to the Star Trek shows that had come before. The premise was that the Cardassian Union had withdrawn from the Bajoran homeworld, which they had brutally occupied for forty years. Starfleet was invited to take charge of the abandoned Cardassian space station in orbit and advise on the rebuilding of Bajor. The series balanced a number of tensions against one another, particularly with those on Bajor who were fearful that they had swapped the militaristic yoke of the Cardassians for the much friendlier but still imperialistic fist of the Federation. These tensions were exacerbated in the opening episode when a stable wormhole between the Bajoran system and the distant Gamma Quadrant of the galaxy was found, leading to Bajor's economic boom and constant threats from the Cardassians to reclaim the system.

Early seasons revolved around Bajoran religious and political tensions, the rebuilding of the DS9 station and the attempts by Commander Benjamin Sisko (Avery Brooks) to hold his crew together whilst he's been proclaimed a religious figure by the Bajorans. At the end of the second season a new threat was introduced: a powerful alien empire in the Gamma Quadrant known as the Dominion. Fed up with interlopers from the Alpha Quadrant, the Dominion infiltrated the Alpha Quadrant over the course of several years, using shapeshifting agents to ferment war between the Klingons and Federation and to destablise the Federation, Cardassian and Romulan governments. Eventually this led to the outbreak of full-scale war, with the Cardassians siding with the Dominion in a major conflict that lasted over two years.

What made Deep Space Nine work wasn't the space battles, explosion or (relative) cynicism compared to other Star Trek shows, but its consistency, its thematic coherence, its serialisation and, most of all, its characters. No other Star Trek show had such an eclectic crew of dysfunctional individuals, or so many non-Federation characters in the regular cast. Most successful amongst these were greedy Ferengi barkeep Quark (Armin Shimerman), order-obsessed shapeshifting sheriff Odo (Rene Auberjonois), and the grumpy-but-loyal engineer O'Brien (Colm Meaney), a transfer from The Next Generation. Later seasons also saw the arrival of Lt. Commander Worf (Michael Dorn) from TNG, who immediately found a new level of character development on the (somewhat) darker and more adult show. Deep Space Nine also accumulated a massive cast of recurring and returning characters played by outstanding actors, such as Dukat (Marc Alaimo), Winn (Actual Oscar Winner Louise Fletcher) and the incomparable Garak (Andrew Robinson) and Weyoun (Jeffrey Combs), probably the greatest assortment of villains and antiheroes in the history of Star Trek.

Deep Space Nine dealt seriously with topics including religion, politics, racism, refugee rights and warfare. It also developed alien species such as the Ferengi, Bajorans, Trill, Romulans and Klingons in far greater depth than on The Next Generation, and it also introduced its own great roster of villains and new races, most notably the three species that make up the Dominion: the Jem'Hadar, Vorta and Changelings. So successful was the Dominion that Star Trek: Enterprise tried to repeat the idea with the Xindi, although this was less successful. DS9 was also confident enough not to lean on the Borg, which ended up being over-used on Star Trek: Voyager to the point that they lose all of their original, formidable menace.

DS9 was also, easily, the funniest Star Trek show, with several outright comedy episodes that were very successful (most notably In the Cards, bus also several James Bond pastiches and 1950s pulp SF homage Little Green Men) and a great line in knowing humour. It even allowed Worf to lighten up and deliver some serious masterclasses in deadpan delivery. DS9 even took the mickey out of Star Trek itself, noting that its utopian society, although laudable, was perhaps both a little bland and at times a unfocused.

Jake: "I'm human! I don't have any money!"
Nog: "It's not my fault your species decided to abandon currency-based economics in favour of some philosophy of self-enhancement."
Sisko: "Hey, watch it! There's nothing wrong with out philosophy. We work to better ourselves and the rest of humanity."
Nog: "What does that mean, exactly?"
Jake: "It means...we don't need money."
Nog: "Well, if you don't need money you certainly don't need mine."

Most importantly, Deep Space Nine was very consistent in quality. The first season could be a little bland but it didn't have any outright-terrible episodes and had at least one stone-cold classic in Duet. By the end of the second season, DS9 was firing on all cylinders and somehow kept getting better. This contrasts with The Next Generation and Enterprise (Discovery is too new to see which way it's going to go yet), which both took at least three seasons to really find their feet, and Voyager, which never really settled down at all. Its worst episodes were nowhere near as awful as those of the other Star Trek shows and it's finest hours - Far Beyond the Stars, In the Pale Moonlight, The Visitor, Duet, Trials and Tribble-ations - are right up there with the very best the franchise has to offer. Recent years have seen a re-appraisal of DS9 that has moved it up from being the ugly stepchild of the Star Trek franchise to frequently voted its finest incarnation. It also has the best finale episode of any Trek show (despite stiff competition from TNG's All Good Things).

DS9 also gave us another classic TV show that followed in its wake: four years after DS9 ended, producer-writer Ronald D. Moore regrouped with writers David Weddle, Bradley Thompson, Michael Taylor, Jane Espenson and others to create the revamped Battlestar Galactica, which delivered an even bleaker take on war, spirituality and technology.

To celebrate the 25th anniversary, a new DS9 documentary is in the works. What You Leave Behind will feature interviews with the creative team behind the show, the actors and many fans and appreciators. The documentary will be released later in 2018 and will also feature the first sequences from the show remastered in full HD, with the hope the rest of the series may follow.

Happy birthday, Deep Space Nine. Maybe one day we'll see a Star Trek series being as bold and innovative once again.

DEEP SPACE NINE fans crowdfund a new documentary

Fans of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine have crowdfunded a major new documentary about the series.

Ira Steven Behr, the executive producer, showrunner and lead writer on the show from its third season through to its end, has created a new documentary called What We Leave Behind (named after the DS9 series finale). The film will delve deeply into the show's origins, writing and creation and will feature contributions from all of the major players on the creative team and all of the actors, bar Avery Brooks (possibly for availability reasons).

One of the most interesting things about the film is a related, separate roundtable with the DS9 writing team, including Behr and Ron Moore, where they brainstorm a theoretical eighth season of the show.

Behr and his team asked for $150,000 to help finish and edit the film. They've now raised £215,000 and added extra stretch goals, including a live musical score and the possibility of adding extra interviews (hopefully including Brooks).

It's also been pointed out that the level of interest in the project this crowdfunding exercise raises could be used to bolster the case for remastering Deep Space Nine in high definition. CBS has so far remastered The Original Series, The Animated Series, all of The Next Generation and several movies (Enterprise was made in HD in the first place), but has held fire on DS9, citing disappointing sales of the TNG remasters. However, if the documentary raises a very large sum of money, that might convince CBS to take a look and may test-remaster a few select episodes (like they did ahead of TNG).