Tsaro da lafiya na aiki
Tsaro da
 Tsaro da lafiya na aiki | |
|---|---|
academic discipline (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Muhalli, Lafiya da kariya da Tsafta |
| Karatun ta |
occupational medicine (en) |
| Gudanarwan |
occupational safety and health specialist (en) da head of the prevention and protection service (en) |
lafiya na aiki (OSH) ko kiwon lafiya da aminci na aiki (OHS) wani bangare ne mai yawa wanda ke da alaƙa da aminci, kiwon lafiya, da jin daɗi mutanen da ke aiki (watau, yayin yin ayyukan da aikin mutum ke buƙata). OSH yana da alaƙa da fannonin kiwon lafiya na sana'a da tsabtace sana'a kuma yana da alaka da shirye-shiryen inganta kiwon lafiya a wurin aiki.[lower-alpha 1] OSH kuma tana kare dukkan jama'a wadanda yanayin aiki zai iya shafar su.
alaƙa da Aiki, kusan mutane miliyan 2 suna mutuwa a kowace shekara saboda fuskantar abubuwan haɗarin aiki.[4] A duniya, fiye da mutane miliyan 2.78 suna mutuwa a kowace shekara sakamakon hatsarori ko cututtuka masu alaƙa da wurin aiki, wanda ya dace da mutuwa ɗaya a kowane sakan goma sha biyar. Akwai ƙarin raunin da ba na mutuwa ba miliyan 374 a kowace shekara. An kiyasta cewa nauyin tattalin arziki na raunin da ya Danganeshafi aiki da mutuwa kusan kusan kashi huɗu cikin ɗari ne na yawan kayan cikin gida na duniya a kowace shekara. Kudin ɗan adam na wannan wahala yana da yawa.[5]
A cikin hukunce-hukuncen doka ta yau da kullun, masu daukar ma'aikata suna da aikin doka ta yau na yau da kullun (wanda ake kira aikin kulawa) don kula da lafiyar ma'aikatan su. Dokar doka na iya, ban da haka, tilasta wasu ayyuka na gaba ɗaya, gabatar da takamaiman ayyuka, da ƙirƙirar hukumomin gwamnati tare da iko don tsara batutuwan tsaro na aiki. Bayani game da wannan ya bambanta daga iko zuwa iko.
Ana magance rigakafin abubuwan da suka faru a wurin aiki da cututtukan aiki ta hanyar aiwatar da shirye-shiryen tsaro da kiwon lafiya a matakin kamfani.[6]
Ma'anar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya (ILO) da Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) suna da ma'anar kiwon lafiya ta aiki. [lower-alpha 2] Kwamitin hadin gwiwa na ILO / WHO ne ya fara karbar shi a zaman farko a 1950: [8]
Occupational health should aim at the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations; the prevention amongst workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions; the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health; the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his physiological and psychological capabilities and; to summarize: the adaptation of work to man and of each man to his job.
— Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health, 1st Session (1950)
A cikin 1995, an kara wata sanarwa ta yarjejeniya: [8]
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— 12th session (1995)
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bincike da tsara lafiyar aiki da kiwon lafiya wani abu ne na baya-bayan nan. Yayinda ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata suka tashi don mayar da martani ga damuwar ma'aikata a yayin juyin juya halin masana'antu, lafiyar ma'aikata da kiwon lafiya sun shiga la'akari da su a matsayin batun da ya shafi aiki.
Farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ayyukan rubuce-rubuce game da cututtukan aiki sun bayyana a ƙarshen karni na 15, lokacin da bukatar zinariya da azurfa ke ƙaruwa saboda karuwar kasuwanci da baƙin ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe, da gubar suma suna cikin buƙata daga kasuwar bindigogi. Rashin hakar ma'adinai ya zama ruwan dare a sakamakon haka. A cikin shekara ta 1473, Ulrich Ellenbog [de], likitan Jamus, ya rubuta wani ɗan gajeren littafi kan Fume da Smokes masu guba, wanda ya mai da hankali kan kwal, nitric acid, gubar, da hayaki na mercury da ma'aikatan ƙarfe da masu zinariya suka haɗu da su. A shekara ta 1587, Paracelsus (1493-1541) ya buga aikin farko a kan ma'adinai da ma'aikatan cututtukan ma'adanai. A ciki, ya ba da rahoto game da "Ciwon huhu" na masu hakar ma'adinai. A cikin 1526, Georgius Agricola's (1494-1553) De re metallica, wani littafi game da metallurgy, ya bayyana hatsarori da cututtuka da suka zama ruwan dare tsakanin masu hakar ma'adinai kuma ya ba da shawarar ayyukan don hana su. Kamar Paracelsus, Agricola ya ambaci ƙurar da ke "ya cinye huhu, kuma ya yi amfani da shi".[9]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ It can be confusing that British English also uses "industrial medicine" to refer to occupational health and safety and uses "occupational health" to refer to occupational medicine. See the Collins Dictionary entries for "industrial medicine",[1] "occupational medicine"[2] and "occupational health".[3]
- ↑ The WHO's official definition of "health" is "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."[7]
<ref> tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding <references group="lower-alpha"/> tag was found.
- ↑ Samfuri:Cite Collins Dictionary
- ↑ Samfuri:Cite Collins Dictionary
- ↑ Samfuri:Cite Collins Dictionary
- ↑ International Labour Organization; World Health Organization. Missing
|author1=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ "Safety and Health at Work". International Labour Organization. Archived from the original on 31 July 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2021. Invalid
|url-status=deviated(help) - ↑ "Health and Safety Program – General Elements" (PDF). Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS). 16 March 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 August 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ↑ Constitution of the World Health Organization (PDF) (Charter). New York, N.Y.: United Nations. 22 July 1946. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- 1 2 Empty citation (help) Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Institute of Medicine (IOM)-2014" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ Abrams, Herbert K. (2001). "A Short History of Occupational Health". Journal of Public Health Policy. 22 (1): 34–80. doi:10.2307/3343553. JSTOR 3343553. PMID 11382089. S2CID 13398392.