Tunjung language

Tunjung
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Kalimantan
Native speakers	50,000 (2008)
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Mahakam Tunjung
Language codes
ISO 639-3	tjg
Glottolog	tunj1244

Tunjung, or Tunjung Dayak, is an Austronesian language of Borneo. The language belongs to the Barito-Mahakam language group under the Malayo-Polynesian languages, and is therefore considered to be closely related to the now-extinct but poorly attested Ampanang language.

Phonological shifts

Tunjung has distinct features among the greater Barito area languages, and has strengthened the glides *-y- > -j- as well as *-w- > -g-. Even though glide strengthening is common in Borneo, it is uncommon in the geographical area in which Tunjung is spoken and is probably not influenced by neighboring languages.

Tunjung has also devoiced *z to c and has split reflexes of *s, either as Ø or h. Among the Barito languages, only Tunjung reflects the schwa as a in the final syllable.

Vocabulary

Tunjung wordlist (Hudson 1967, via Blust)

English	Tunjung	Notes
hand	aŋaʔ
left	ulay
right	tauʔ
leg/foot	uneŋ
to walk	calan
road/path	loroŋ
to come	moot
to turn	nencaŋ
to swim	karaŋoy
dirty	marotaʔ
dust	dəbu	loanword
skin	kulit
back	puŋuŋ
belly	naiʔ
bone	lah
intestines	usiʔ ŋaiʔ
liver	limpa
breast	tosoq
shoulder	bahuq
to know, be knowledgeable	togaʔ
to think	pikir	loanword
to fear	bihin
blood	rahaʔ
head	kuhuŋ
neck	lohoŋ
hair	alaw
nose	uruŋ
to breathe	ŋasaŋ
to sniff, smell	karak
mouth	oncoŋ
tooth	kəsiŋ
tongue	celaʔ
to laugh	tagaʔ
to cry	naŋi
to vomit	notaʔ
to spit	məcuh
to eat	kuman
to cook	əncak
to drink	muruʔ
to bite	ŋeket
to suck	mosoʔ
ear	neneŋ
to hear	kəheneŋ
eye	uee
to see	neaw
to sleep	tiro
to lie down	tempoŋ
to dream	ñùßí
to sit	dacuŋ
to stand	tege
person/human being	ulun
man/male	lihaʔ
woman/female	waweʔ
child	tuhiʔ
husband	wanaʔ
wife	sagan
mother	meʔ
father	maʔ
house	dapeq
thatch/roof	sapaw jemiaq
name	nama	loanword
to say	bagahaʔ
rope	taliʔ
to tie up, fasten	məcat
to sew	ŋabet
needle	cahumph
to hunt	mahaw
to shoot	nemak
to stab, pierce	mancak
to hit	bajagur
to steal	noq dadak
to kill	pakateʔ
to die, be dead	mateʔ
to live, be alive	bəlum
to scratch	ŋərogot
to cut, hack	motok
stick/wood	leŋan
to split	məkaʔ
sharp	masuk
dull, blunt	kacar