A Coruña metropolitan area Spain 32.344 (2021)[ 2] 1,121,758 (2021)[ 3]
28,833
Aalborg Denmark 30.46 (2022)[ 2] 591,740 (2022)[ 3]
51,475
Aarhus Denmark 53.383 (2022)[ 2] 913,861 (2022)[ 3]
58,415
Abbotsford, British Columbia Canada 7.848 (2022)[ 4] 208,961 (2022)[ 5]
37,557
Aberdeen, Scotland United Kingdom 25.108 (2023)[ 6] 492,070 (2023)[ 6]
51,025
Abidjan Ivory Coast 27 (2017)[ 7] 5,600,000 (2020)[ 8]
4,821
Abilene, TX MSA United States 10.306623 (2023)[ 9] 181,591 (2023)[ 10]
56,757
Abu Dhabi metropolitan area United Arab Emirates 105.6 (2024)[ 11] 1,590,000 (2024)[ 11]
66,415
Addis Ababa Ethiopia 61.2 (2023)[ 12] 5,400,000 (2023)[ 12]
11,333
Acapulco Mexico 5.5 (2023)[ 13] 1,020,000 (2023)[ 13]
5,392
Adelaide Australia 64.461 (2018–19)[ 14] 1,344,368 (2018–19)[ 15]
47,949
Agra India 3.6 (2023)[ 16] 2,370,000 (2023)[ 16]
1,519
Aguascalientes (city) Mexico 15.4 (2023)[ 13] 1,160,000 (2023)[ 13]
13,276
Ahmedabad India 48.6 (2023)[ 16] 8,650,000 (2023)[ 16]
5,618
Ahvaz Iran 12.8 (2024)[ 17] 1,310,000 (2024)[ 17]
9,771
Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis France 148.289 (2021)[ 2] 3,146,578 (2021)[ 3]
47,127
Akron, OH MSA United States 47.285487 (2023)[ 9] 698,398 (2023)[ 10]
Al Ain United Arab Emirates 34.2 (2024)[ 11] 660,000 (2024)[ 11]
51,818
Al Diwaniyah Iraq 3.2 (2024)[ 18] 590,000 (2024)[ 18]
5,424
Albany, GA MSA United States 7.782093 (2023)[ 9] 145,508 (2023)[ 10]
Albany-Lebanon, OR MSA United States 6.441520 (2023)[ 9] 130,467 (2022)[ 10]
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY MSA United States 84.910398 (2023)[ 9] 1,238,717 (2023)[ 10]
Albuquerque, NM MSA United States 59.382941 (2023)[ 9] 922,296 (2023)[ 10]
Alexandria Egypt 26.7 (2024)[ 19] 5,700,000 (2024)[ 19]
4,684
Alexandria, LA MSA United States 7.753574 (2023)[ 9] 148,171 (2023)[ 10]
Algiers Algeria
16.2 (2024)[ 20]
2,950,000 (2024)[ 20]
5,492
Alicante metropolitan area Spain 50.250 (2023)[ 2] 2,075,553 (2026)[ 3]
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ MSA United States 59.890990 (2023)[ 9] 873,555 (2023)[ 10]
Almaty Kazakhstan 61.406 (2024)[ 21] 2,625,000 (2024)[ 22]
Altoona, PA MSA United States 7.681160 (2023)[ 9] 120,273 (2023)[ 10]
Alxa [ 23] China 5.808 (2024)268,850 (2024)
Amarah Iraq 3.1 (2024)[ 18] 750,000 (2024)[ 18]
4,133
Amarillo, TX MSA United States 18.913682 (2023)[ 9] 272,395 (2023)[ 10]
Ames, IA MSA United States 8.615031 (2023)[ 9] 125,156 (2023)[ 10]
Amiens France 19.467 (2021)[ 2] 567,745 (2021)[ 3]
Amman Jordan 15.4 (2024)[ 24] 3,030,000 (2024)[ 24]
5,083
Amsterdam metropolitan area Netherlands 217.641 (2024)[ 2] 2,525,000 (2024)[ 22]
Anápolis Brazil 3.7 (2023)[ 25] 400,000 (2023)[ 25]
9,250
Anchorage, AK MSA United States 34.065381 (2023)[ 9] 401,314 (2023)[ 10]
Angers Loire Métropole France 29.514 (2021)[ 2] 822,488 (2021)[ 3]
Ankara Turkey 142.3 (2024)[ 26] 5,150,000 (2024)[ 22]
Ann Arbor, MI MSA United States 33.013856 (2023)[ 9] 365,536 (2023)[ 10]
Annaba Algeria
2.1 (2024)[ 20]
370,000 (2024)[ 20]
5,676
Annecy France 30.128 (2021)[ 2] 841,639 (2021)[ 3]
Anniston-Oxford, AL MSA United States 5.891059 (2023)[ 9] 116,429 (2023)[ 10]
Anshan China 80.968 (2020)[ 27] 2,625,000 (2020)[ 8]
Antofagasta Chile 7.8 (2023)[ 28] 460,000 (2023)[ 28]
16,957
Aracaju Brazil 6 (2023)[ 25] 1,100,000 (2023)[ 25]
5,455
Arak, Iran Iran 4.3 (2024)[ 17] 580,000 (2024)[ 17]
7,414
Ardabil Iran 3.9 (2024)[ 17] 610,000 (2024)[ 17]
6,393
Antwerp metropolitan area Belgium 65.467 (2022)[ 2] 1,067,117 (2022)[ 3]
Appleton, Wisconsin metropolitan area United States 18.532326 (2023)[ 9] 246,433 (2023)[ 10]
Arequipa Peru 7.0 (2023)[ 29] 1,157,500 (2023)[ 30]
Armenia, Colombia Colombia 2.1 (2023)[ 31] 420,000 (2023)[ 31]
5,000
Arnhem–Nijmegen metropolitan area Netherlands 37.694 (2021)[ 2] 744,715 (2021)[ 3]
Asheville, NC MSA United States 29.014297 (2023)[ 9] 417,202 (2023)[ 10]
Astana Kazakhstan 32.517 (2024)[ 21] 1,530,000 (2024)[ 22]
Asturias metropolitan area Spain 32.485 (2024)[ 2] 1,021,733 (2026)[ 3]
Aswan Egypt 2 (2024)[ 19] 370,000 (2024)[ 19]
5,405
Asyut Egypt 2.6 (2024)[ 19] 490,000 (2024)[ 19]
5,306
Athens Metropolitan Area Greece 97.709 (2021)[ 2] 3,547,391 (2021)[ 3]
Athens-Clarke County, GA MSA United States 13.768348 (2023)[ 9] 222,060 (2023)[ 10]
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 604.282 (2024)[ 32] 6,420,229 (2024)[ 33]
94,122
Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ MSA United States 18.726628 (2023)[ 9] 369,823 (2023)[ 10]
Auburn-Opelika, AL MSA United States 8.799349 (2023)[ 9] 201,585 (2023)[ 10]
Auckland New Zealand 103.00 (2026)[ 34] 1,540,000 (2026)[ 35]
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC MSA United States 37.292712 (2023)[ 9] 629,429 (2023)[ 10]
Austin-Round Rock, TX (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 268.445 (2024)[ 36] 2,567,149 (2024)[ 33]
104,569
Baghdad Iraq 40.2 (2024)[ 18] 7,920,000 (2024)[ 18]
5,076
Bahía Blanca Argentina
3.8 (2023)[ 37]
320,000 (2023)[ 37]
11,875
Bakersfield, CA MSA United States 59.846810 (2023)[ 9] 916,108 (2022)[ 10]
Balikpapan-Samarinda Metropolitan Indonesia 29.901 (2021)[ 38] 2,621,877 (2021)[ 38]
Ballarat Australia 4.460 (2018–19)[ 14] 108,491 (2018–19)[ 39]
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 275.427 (2024)[ 40] 2,853,522 (2024)[ 33]
96,522
Bandar Abbas Iran 4.4 (2024)[ 17] 680,000 (2024)[ 17]
6,471
Bandung Metropolitan Indonesia 42.626 (2025)[ 41] 7,000,000 (2025)[ 42]
Bangkok Metropolitan Region Thailand 252.128 (2022)[ 43] 19,900,000 (2022)[ 44]
12,670
Bangor, ME MSA United States 9.020616 (2023)[ 9] 155,312 (2023)[ 10]
Banjarmasin Metropolitan Indonesia 6.017 (2021)[ 45] 2,164,485 (2021)[ 45]
Baotou [ 46] [ 47] China 64.242 (2024)2,766,900 (2024)
Baqubah Iraq 2.3 (2024)[ 18] 370,000 (2024)[ 18]
6,216
Barcelona metropolitan area Spain 226.6 (2023)[ 2] 6,016,426 (2026)[ 3]
37,664
Barisal Bangladesh 1.2 (2024)[ 48] 550,000 (2024)[ 48]
2,182
Barnstable Town, MA MSA United States 18.186673 (2023)[ 9] 231,735 (2023)[ 10]
Barrie Canada 7.98 (2022)[ 4] 228,979 (2022)[ 5]
Basra Iraq 7.1 (2024)[ 18] 1,490,000 (2024)[ 18]
4,765
Batam Metropolitan Indonesia 16.006 (2021)[ 49] 1,450,000 (2021)[ 50]
Batna (city) Algeria
2.1 (2024)[ 20]
350,000 (2024)[ 20]
6,000
Baton Rouge, LA MSA United States 68.827180 (2023)[ 9] 873,661 (2023)[ 10]
Battle Creek, MI MSA United States 8.543282 (2023)[ 9] 133,366 (2023)[ 10]
Bauru Brazil 4 (2023)[ 25] 400,000 (2023)[ 25]
10,000
Bay City, MI MSA United States 4.507259 (2023)[ 9] 102,500 (2023)[ 10]
Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX MSA United States 31.114626 (2023)[ 9] 395,479 (2023)[ 10]
Beckley, WV MSA United States 5.541536 (2023)[ 9] 111,428 (2023)[ 10]
Beijing China 730.445 (2025)[ 51] [ 52] 21,500,000 (2025)[ 42]
33,974
Belém Brazil 11.1 (2023)[ 25] 2,300,000 (2023)[ 25]
4,826
Belfast United Kingdom 24.446 (2023)[ 6] [ 53] 348,005 (2022)[ 6]
70,246
Belgrade Serbia 25.31 (2021)[ 54] 1,430,000 (2021)[ 50]
Belleville, Ontario Canada 4.375 (2022)[ 4] 116,013 (2022)[ 5]
Bellingham, WA MSA United States 21.489731 (2023)[ 9] 231,919 (2023)[ 10]
Belo Horizonte Brazil 51 (2023)[ 25] 5,340,000 (2023)[ 25]
9,951
Bend, OR MSA United States 15.445974 (2023)[ 9] 260,919 (2023)[ 10]
Bendigo Australia 3.961 (2018–19)[ 14] 99,416 (2018–19)[ 55]
Bengaluru India 74.7 (2023)[ 16] 13,610,000 (2023)[ 16]
5,489
Bergamo metropolitan area Italy 46.79 (2021)[ 2] 1,103,556 (2021)[ 3]
Bergen Region Norway 43.188 (2021)[ 2] 638,821 (2021)[ 3]
Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region Germany 329.654 (2024)[ 56] 6,216,845 (2023)[ 56]
53,026
Bern metropolitan area Switzerland 92.957 (2021)[ 2] 1,043,132 (2021)[ 3]
Bhopal India 6.4 (2023)[ 16] 2,560,000 (2023)[ 16]
2,500
Białystok metropolitan area Poland 7.631 (2021)[ 2] 488,942 (2021)[ 3]
Biên Hòa Vietnam 7.9 (2023)[ 57] 1,110,000 (2023)[ 57]
7,117
Bilbao metropolitan area Spain 47.825 (2023)[ 2] 1,172,830 (2026)[ 3]
Billings, MT MSA United States 14.407832 (2023)[ 9] 191,435 (2023)[ 10]
Binghamton, NY MSA United States 12.927169 (2023)[ 9] 243,792 (2023)[ 10]
Birmingham (West Midlands ) United Kingdom 242.839 (2023)[ 6] [ 53] 6,085,687 (2023)[ 6]
39,903
Birmingham-Hoover, AL MSA United States 84.566170 (2023)[ 9] 1,116,857 (2022)[ 10]
Bismarck, ND MSA United States 9.430711 (2023)[ 9] 135,786 (2023)[ 10]
Blacksburg-Christiansburg, VA MSA United States 10.166304 (2023)[ 9] 165,812 (2022)[ 10]
Blida Algeria
3.4 (2024)[ 20]
520,000 (2024)[ 20]
6,538
Bloomington, IL MSA United States 15.005648 (2023)[ 9] 170,441 (2023)[ 10]
Bloomington, IN MSA United States 9.641723 (2023)[ 9] 160,874 (2023)[ 10]
Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA MSA United States 5.613010 (2023)[ 9] 83,017 (2022)[ 10]
Blumenau Brazil 6.2 (2023)[ 25] 530,000 (2023)[ 25]
11,698
Boa Vista, Roraima Brazil 2.9 (2023)[ 25] 470,000 (2023)[ 25]
6,170
Bogotá metropolitan area Colombia 121.8 (2023)[ 31] 11,600,000 (2023)[ 31]
10,500
Bogra Bangladesh 2.2 (2024)[ 48] 940,000 (2024)[ 48]
2,340
Boise, ID MSA United States 55.331136 (2023)[ 9] 824,657 (2023)[ 10]
Bologna metropolitan area Italy 51.008 (2021)[ 2] 1,015,608 (2021)[ 3]
Bordeaux France 72.475 (2021)[ 2] 1,661,929 (2021)[ 3]
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 610.486 (2024)[ 9] 5,025,517 (2024)[ 10]
121,477
Boulder, CO MSA United States 37.662897 (2023)[ 9] 326,831 (2023)[ 10]
Bournemouth , Christchurch, Dorset and Poole United Kingdom 18.621 (2023)[ 6] [ 53] 404,050 (2023)[ 6]
46,086
Bucaramanga Colombia 11 (2023)[ 31] 1,390,000 (2023)[ 31]
7,914
Bowling Green, KY MSA United States 11.830435 (2023)[ 9] 188,840 (2023)[ 10]
Brantford Canada 5.589 (2022)[ 4] 158,391 (2022)[ 5]
Brasília Brazil 74.1 (2023)[ 25] 4,120,000 (2023)[ 25]
17,985
Brașov Romania 9.347 (2021)[ 2] 553,256 (2021)[ 3]
Bratislava metropolitan area Slovakia 32.338 (2022)[ 2] 723,714 (2022)[ 3]
Breda Netherlands 38.136 (2021)[ 2] 637,031 (2021)[ 3]
Bremerton-Silverdale-Port Orchard, WA MSA United States 17.319445 (2023)[ 9] 277,658 (2023)[ 10]
Brescia metropolitan area Italy 53.728 (2021)[ 2] 1,255,709 (2021)[ 3]
Brest Métropole France 32.208 (2021)[ 2] 919,983 (2021)[ 3]
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 116.030979 (2023)[ 9] 962,946 (2022)[ 10]
Brighton & Hove United Kingdom 16.510 (2023)[ 6] [ 53] 279,637 (2023)[ 6]
59,041
Brisbane Australia 177 (2018–19)[ 14] 2,388,038 (2018–19)[ 58]
Bristol United Kingdom 28.328 (2023)[ 6] [ 53] 482,998 (2023)[ 6]
58,650
Brno Czech Republic 31.944 (2022)[ 2] 1,184,568 (2022)[ 3]
Brownsville-Harlingen, TX MSA United States 15.602248 (2023)[ 9] 426,710 (2023)[ 10]
Brunswick, GA MSA United States 6.444126 (2023)[ 9] 114,442 (2022)[ 10]
Brussels metropolitan area Belgium 211.091 (2022)[ 2] 3,348,154 (2022)[ 3]
Bucharest Metropolitan Area Romania 79.977 (2021)[ 2] 2,327,057 (2021)[ 3]
Budapest metropolitan area Hungary 86.176 (2022)[ 2] 3,031,887 (2022)[ 3]
Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca Colombia 2.4 (2023)[ 31] 480,000 (2023)[ 31]
5,000
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 90.716457 (2023)[ 9] 1,155,604 (2023)[ 10]
Burgas Bulgaria 3.914 (2021)[ 2] 409,750 (2021)[ 3]
Burlington, NC MSA United States 8.624438 (2023)[ 9] 179,165 (2023)[ 10]
Burlington-South Burlington, VT MSA United States 18.671208 (2023)[ 9] 227,942 (2023)[ 10]
Bursa Turkey 37 (2022)[ 59] 2,175,000 (2022)[ 44]
Busan-Gyeongnam Area South Korea 252.145 (2022)[ 43] 5,115,000 (2022)[ 44]
49,295
Bydgoszcz–Toruń metropolitan area Poland 14.079 (2021)[ 2] 751,413 (2021)[ 3]
Cần Thơ Vietnam 6 (2023)[ 57] 1,870,000 (2023)[ 57]
3,209
Cádiz-Jerez metropolitan area Spain 28.961 (2023)[ 2] 1,266,061 (2026)[ 3]
Caen France 25.18 (2021)[ 2] 695,207 (2021)[ 3]
Cairns Australia 10.709 (2018–19)[ 14] 153,951 (2019)[ 60]
Cairo Egypt 103.6 (2024)[ 19] 22,620,000 (2024)[ 19]
4,580
Calgary Metropolitan Region Canada 99.848 (2022)[ 4] 1,608,342 (2022)[ 5]
Cali Colombia 22.1 (2023)[ 31] 2,890,000 (2023)[ 31]
7,647
California-Lexington Park, MD MSA United States 9.882630 (2023)[ 9] 114,877 (2022)[ 10]
Camagüey Cuba 2.1 (2023)[ 61] 310,000 (2023)[ 61]
6,774
Campina Grande Brazil 2.7 (2023)[ 25] 520,000 (2023)[ 25]
5,192
Campinas Brazil 39.7 (2023)[ 25] 2,260,000 (2023)[ 25]
17,566
Campo Grande Brazil 7.8 (2023)[ 25] 930,000 (2023)[ 25]
8,387
Campos dos Goytacazes Brazil 9.8 (2023)[ 25] 540,000 (2023)[ 25]
18,148
Canberra Australia 30.909 (2018–19)[ 14] 465,118 (2018–19)[ 62]
Cancún Mexico 9.9 (2023)[ 13] 1,020,000 (2023)[ 13]
9,706
Canton-Massillon, OH MSA United States 24.599897 (2023)[ 9] 399,474 (2023)[ 10]
Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL MSA United States 50.645899 (2023)[ 9] 834,573 (2023)[ 10]
Cape Girardeau, MO-IL MSA United States 5.797295 (2023)[ 9] 98,223 (2023)[ 10]
Cape Town South Africa 56.300 (2022)[ 63] 4,375,000 (2022)[ 44]
Caracas Venezuela 70 (2012)[ 64] 1,942,652 (2011)[ 65]
Carbondale-Marion, IL MSA United States 7.263128 (2023)[ 9] 132,693 (2022)[ 10]
Cardiff and Vale of Glamorgan United Kingdom 24.345 (2023)[ 6] [ 53] 518,269 (2023)[ 6]
46,974
Carson City, NV MSA United States 4.777092 (2023)[ 9] 58,036 (2023)[ 10]
Cartagena, Colombia Colombia 8.2 (2023)[ 31] 1,100,000 (2023)[ 31]
7,455
Caruaru Brazil 2 (2023)[ 25] 370,000 (2023)[ 25]
5,405
Casablanca Morocco 47.000 (2022)[ 66] 4,625,000 (2022)[ 44]
Cascavel Brazil 3.3 (2023)[ 25] 350,000 (2023)[ 25]
9,429
Casper, WY MSA United States 6.983637 (2023)[ 9] 79,941 (2023)[ 10]
Caxias do Sul Brazil 8.5 (2023)[ 25] 620,000 (2023)[ 25]
13,710
Cebu City Philippines 5.6 (2023)[ 67] 2,700,000 (2023)[ 68]
Cedar Rapids, IA MSA United States 22.962630 (2023)[ 9] 275,668 (2023)[ 10]
Celaya Mexico 8 (2023)[ 13] 710,000 (2023)[ 13]
11,268
Central German Metropolitan Region Germany 335.193 (2023)[ 69] 8,300,000 (2024)[ 69]
40,385
Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA MSA United States 8.148840 (2023)[ 9] 156,902 (2022)[ 10]
Champaign-Urbana, IL MSA United States 15.512304 (2023)[ 9] 235,608 (2023)[ 10]
Chandigarh India 6 (2023)[ 68] 2,575,000 (2023)[ 68]
Changchun China 96.240 (2020)[ 70] [ 71] 3,700,000 (2020)[ 8]
Changde China 54.355 (2020)[ 70] 1,160,000 (2020)[ 8]
Changji [ 72] China 35.234 (2024)1,623,350 (2024)
Changsha China 214.4 (2024)[ 73] [ 74] 10,564,800 (2024)[ 75]
Changzhou [ 76] China 151.840 (2024)5,380,500 (2024)
Charleroi Belgium 16.619 (2022)[ 2] 558,107 (2022)[ 3]
Charleston-North Charleston, SC MSA United States 63.973949 (2023)[ 9] 849,417 (2023)[ 10]
Charleston, WV MSA United States 16.291494 (2023)[ 9] 203,164 (2023)[ 10]
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 277.107 (2024)[ 77] 2,884,708 (2024)[ 33]
96,061
Charlottesville, VA MSA United States 18.817343 (2023)[ 9] 225,127 (2023)[ 10]
Chattanooga, TN-GA MSA United States 42.381201 (2023)[ 9] 580,971 (2023)[ 10]
Chengdu China 327.045 (2024)[ 78] [ 52] 21,474,000 (2024)[ 78]
15,230
Chennai metropolitan area India 62.3 (2023)[ 16] 11,780,000 (2023)[ 16]
5,289
Cheyenne, WY MSA United States 8.285241 (2023)[ 9] 100,984 (2023)[ 10]
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 923.12 (2024)[ 79] 9,411,198 (2024)[ 33]
98,087
Chiclayo Peru 4.0 (2023)[ 29] 612,800 (2023)[ 30]
Chico, CA MSA United States 11.727399 (2023)[ 9] 207,172 (2023)[ 10]
Chihuahua City Mexico 16.8 (2023)[ 13] 1,120,000 (2023)[ 13]
15,000
Chilliwack Canada 4.119 (2022)[ 4] 121,802 (2022)[ 5]
Chimbote Peru 5.0 (2023)[ 29] 406,600 (2023)[ 30]
Chittagong Bangladesh 17.9 (2024)[ 48] 5,510,000 (2024)[ 48]
3,249
Chongqing China 473.53 (2025)[ 80] [ 52] 31,900,000 (2024)[ 81]
14,844
Chuzhou [ citation needed ] China 56.649 (2024)1,030,000 (2024)[ 22]
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 198.888723 (2023)[ 9] 2,271,479 (2023)[ 10]
Ciudad Juárez Mexico 21.8 (2023)[ 13] 1,580,000 (2023)[ 13]
13,797
Ciudad Obregón Mexico 5.7 (2023)[ 13] 390,000 (2023)[ 13]
14,615
Ciudad Victoria Mexico 4.3 (2023)[ 13] 380,000 (2023)[ 13]
11,316
Clarksville, TN-KY MSA United States 17.765745 (2023)[ 9] 340,495 (2023)[ 10]
Clermont-Ferrand France 27.074 (2021)[ 2] 669,014 (2021)[ 3]
Cleveland-Elyria, OH (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 173.135607 (2023)[ 9] 2,063,132 (2022)[ 10]
Cleveland, TN MSA United States 6.807509 (2023)[ 9] 129,612 (2023)[ 10]
Cluj-Napoca Romania 14.75 (2021)[ 2] 710,284 (2021)[ 3]
Coatzacoalcos Mexico 3.9 (2023)[ 13] 410,000 (2023)[ 13]
9,512
Cochabamba Bolivia
5 (2023)[ 82]
1,400,000 (2023)[ 82]
3,571
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Cocos (Keeling) Islands 0.011 (2010)[ 83] 561 (2011)[ 84]
Coeur d'Alene, ID MSA United States 10.583848 (2023)[ 9] 185,010 (2023)[ 10]
Coimbatore India 13.7 (2023)[ 16] 3,010,000 (2023)[ 16]
4,551
Coimbra Portugal 9.799 (2022)[ 2] 438,212 (2022)[ 3]
Colima (city) Mexico 5.3 (2023)[ 13] 430,000 (2023)[ 13]
12,326
College Station-Bryan, TX MSA United States 19.585335 (2023)[ 9] 281,445 (2023)[ 10]
Colombo Sri Lanka 33 (2023)[ 85] 4,900,000 (2023)[ 86]
Colorado Springs, CO MSA United States 53.092641 (2023)[ 9] 768,832 (2023)[ 10]
Columbia, MO MSA United States 13.572357 (2023)[ 9] 216,511 (2023)[ 10]
Columbia, SC MSA United States 58.497422 (2023)[ 9] 858,302 (2023)[ 10]
Columbus, GA-AL MSA United States 18.710583 (2023)[ 9] 323,768 (2023)[ 10]
Columbus, IN MSA United States 8.668346 (2023)[ 9] 84,003 (2023)[ 10]
Columbus, OH (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 182.087631 (2023)[ 9] 2,180,271 (2023)[ 10]
Comarca Lagunera Mexico 29.2 (2023)[ 13] 1,780,000 (2023)[ 13]
16,404
Comilla Bangladesh 1.8 (2024)[ 48] 670,000 (2024)[ 48]
2,687
Communauté d'agglomération Nîmes Métropole France 23.545 (2021)[ 2] 751,840 (2021)[ 3]
Communauté d'agglomération Pau Béarn Pyrénées France 26.395 (2021)[ 2] 688,474 (2021)[ 3]
Constanța Romania 10.936 (2021)[ 2] 668,065(2021) (2021)[ 3]
Constantine, Algeria Algeria
2.5 (2024)[ 20]
420,000 (2024)[ 20]
5,952
Copenhagen metropolitan area Denmark 188.321 (2022)[ 2] 2,082,710 (2022)[ 3]
Córdoba Argentina 24.9 (2023)[ 37] 1,610,000 (2023)[ 37]
15,466
Córdoba metropolitan area Spain 18.616 (2023)[ 2] 770,508 (2026)[ 3]
Córdoba, Veracruz Mexico 2.9 (2023)[ 13] 370,000 (2023)[ 13]
7,838
Corpus Christi, TX MSA United States 30.930920 (2023)[ 9] 448,323 (2023)[ 10]
Corrientes Argentina 6 (2023)[ 37] 420,000 (2023)[ 37]
14,286
Corvallis, OR MSA United States 6.035305 (2023)[ 9] 97,713 (2023)[ 10]
Coventry United Kingdom 16.028 (2023)[ 6] [ 53] 360,702 (2023)[ 6]
44,436
Craiova metropolitan area Romania 7.065 (2021)[ 2] 615,962 (2021)[ 3]
Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL MSA United States 23.794720 (2023)[ 9] 304,818 (2023)[ 10]
Cuautla, Morelos Mexico 3.6 (2023)[ 13] 540,000 (2023)[ 13]
6,667
Cuernavaca Mexico 10.1 (2023)[ 13] 1,120,000 (2023)[ 13]
9,018
Cuenca, Ecuador Ecuador 3.5 (2023)[ 87] 440,000 (2023)[ 87]
7,955
Cuiabá Brazil 8.3 (2023)[ 25] 940,000 (2023)[ 25]
8,830
Culiacán Mexico 9.4 (2023)[ 13] 890,000 (2023)[ 13]
10,562
Cumberland, MD-WV MSA United States 4.359585 (2023)[ 9] 94,122 (2022)[ 10]
Curitiba Brazil 46.8 (2023)[ 25] 3,600,000 (2023)[ 25]
13,000
Częstochowa metropolitan area Poland 7.931 (2021)[ 2] 487,392 (2021)[ 3]
Da Nang Vietnam 5 (2023)[ 57] 1,220,000 (2023)[ 57]
4,098
Daegu South Korea 50.400 (2022)[ 88] 2,750,000 (2022)[ 44]
Daejeon South Korea 40.000 (2022)[ 88] 1,540,000 (2022)[ 44]
Dalian [ 89] China 133.632 (2024)7,542,000 (2024)
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 744.654 (2024)[ 9] 8,344,032 (2024)[ 10]
89,244
Dalton, GA MSA United States 9.271266 (2023)[ 9] 144,722 (2023)[ 10]
Danville, IL MSA United States 4.136523 (2023)[ 9] 72,337 (2022)[ 10]
Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL MSA United States 12.071468 (2023)[ 9] 253,507 (2023)[ 10]
Daqing [ 90] China 39.538 (2024)2,681,500 (2024)
Dar es Salaam Tanzania 10.4 (2019)[ 91] 6,450,000 (2020)[ 8]
Davao City Philippines 9.6 (2023)[ 92] 1,650,000 (2023)[ 68]
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL MSA United States 27.875132 (2023)[ 9] 379,441 (2023)[ 10]
Dayton, OH MSA United States 41.111 (2017)[ 9] 803,899 (2017)[ 10]
Debrecen Hungary 7.085 (2022)[ 2] 524,272 (2022)[ 3]
Decatur, AL MSA United States 8.841158 (2023)[ 9] 158,635 (2023)[ 10]
Decatur, IL MSA United States 8.822934 (2023)[ 9] 100,591 (2023)[ 10]
Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL MSA United States 32.539529 (2023)[ 9] 721,796 (2023)[ 10]
Denpasar Metropolitan Indonesia 9.941 (2021)[ 93] 1,580,000 (2021)[ 50]
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 330.181 (2024)[ 94] 3,081,092 (2024)[ 33]
107,164
Derby United Kingdom 12.633 (2023)[ 6] [ 53] 266,460 (2023)[ 6]
47,410
Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA MSA United States 74.062506 (2023)[ 9] 737,164 (2023)[ 10]
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 348.039 (2024)[ 95] 4,377,045 (2024)[ 33]
79,515
Deyang China 34.855 (2020)[ 70] [ 96] 3,456,161 (2020)[ 97]
Dijon Métropole France 23.238 (2021)[ 2] 534,164 (2021)[ 3]
Djelfa Algeria
3.7 (2024)[ 20]
590,000 (2024)[ 20]
6,271
Dongguan [ 98] China 172.461 (2024)10,528,050 (2024)
Dongying [ 99] China 60.487 (2024)2,207,150 (2024)
Dothan, AL MSA United States 9.099360 (2023)[ 9] 153,349 (2023)[ 10]
Dover, DE MSA United States 10.509748 (2023)[ 9] 189,789 (2023)[ 10]
Drummondville Canada 4.14 (2022)[ 4] 104,076 (2022)[ 5]
Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area United Arab Emirates 190.1 (2024)[ 11] 5,340,000 (2024)[ 11]
35,599
Dubuque, IA MSA United States 9.017369 (2023)[ 9] 98,887 (2023)[ 10]
Duluth, MN-WI MSA United States 18.838611 (2023)[ 9] 281,603 (2023)[ 10]
Durango (city) Mexico 6.7 (2023)[ 13] 670,000 (2023)[ 13]
10,000
Durban South Africa 64.700 (2022)[ 63] 3,525,000 (2022)[ 44]
Durham-Chapel Hill, NC MSA United States 70.305292 (2023)[ 9] 608,879 (2023)[ 10]
East Stroudsburg, PA MSA United States 9.215416 (2023)[ 9] 167,198 (2022)[ 10]
Eau Claire, WI MSA United States 11.674198 (2023)[ 9] 174,873 (2023)[ 10]
Edinburgh United Kingdom 45.441 (2023)[ 6] [ 53] 523,250 (2023)[ 6]
86,844
Edmonton Metropolitan Region Canada 79.431 (2022)[ 4] 1,516,719 (2022)[ 5]
Eindhoven Netherlands 54.931 (2021)[ 2] 784,390 (2021)[ 3]
El Centro, CA MSA United States 13.483299 (2023)[ 9] 179,057 (2023)[ 10]
El Mahalla El Kubra Egypt 3.3 (2024)[ 19] 550,000 (2024)[ 19]
6,000
El Paso, TX MSA United States 48.609163 (2023)[ 9] 873,331 (2023)[ 10]
Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, KY MSA United States 8.182312 (2023)[ 9] 157,026 (2022)[ 10]
Elkhart-Goshen, IN MSA United States 20.857760 (2023)[ 9] 206,409 (2023)[ 10]
Elmira, NY MSA United States 4.544209 (2023)[ 9] 81,325 (2023)[ 10]
Enid, OK MSA United States 3.804621 (2023)[ 9] 62,023 (2023)[ 10]
Enschede Netherlands 30.955 (2021)[ 2] 784,390 (2021)[ 3]
Ensenada Municipality Mexico 4 (2023)[ 13] 350,000 (2023)[ 13]
11,429
Erbil Iraq 5.9 (2024)[ 18] 920,000 (2024)[ 18]
6,413
Erie, PA MSA United States 14.204975 (2023)[ 9] 267,571 (2023)[ 10]
Eslamshahr Iran 3 (2024)[ 17] 540,000 (2024)[ 17]
5,556
Eugene-Springfield, OR MSA United States 22.550913 (2023)[ 9] 381,181 (2023)[ 10]
European Metropolis of Lille France 101.652 (2021)[ 2] 2,607,879 (2021)[ 3]
Evansville, IN-KY MSA United States 27.437679 (2023)[ 9] 314,038 (2022)[ 10]
Ezhou [ 100] China 18.834 (2024)1,072,500 (2024)
Fairbanks, AK MSA United States 7.198784 (2023)[ 9] 95,356 (2022)[ 10]
Faisalabad Pakistan 43 (2013)[ 101] 3,204,704 (2017)[ 102]
Faiyum Egypt 2.5 (2024)[ 19] 440,000 (2024)[ 19]
5,682
Fallujah Iraq 1.7 (2024)[ 18] 380,000 (2024)[ 18]
4,474
Fangchenggang [ 103] [ 104] China 16.394 (2024)1,050,000 (2024)
Fargo, ND-MN MSA United States 20.535575 (2023)[ 9] 262,620 (2023)[ 10]
Farmington, NM MSA United States 6.822347 (2023)[ 9] 120,675 (2023)[ 10]
Fayetteville, NC MSA United States 28.205160 (2023)[ 9] 392,336 (2023)[ 10]
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR MSA United States 40.776485 (2023)[ 9] 590,337 (2023)[ 10]
Feira de Santana Brazil 3.7 (2023)[ 25] 620,000 (2023)[ 25]
5,968
Flagstaff, AZ MSA United States 9.967529 (2023)[ 9] 144,472 (2023)[ 10]
Flint, MI MSA United States 19.151079 (2023)[ 9] 401,522 (2023)[ 10]
Florence, SC MSA United States 12.505628 (2023)[ 9] 199,630 (2023)[ 10]
Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL MSA United States 7.212666 (2023)[ 9] 155,175 (2023)[ 10]
Florianópolis Brazil 11.6 (2023)[ 25] 1,100,000 (2023)[ 25]
10,545
Fond du Lac, WI MSA United States 6.451530 (2023)[ 9] 103,948 (2023)[ 10]
Fort Collins, CO MSA United States 26.974178 (2023)[ 9] 366,778 (2022)[ 10]
Fort Smith, AR-OK MSA United States 12.729594 (2023)[ 9] 231,280 (2023)[ 10]
Fort Wayne, IN MSA United States 30.231008 (2023)[ 9] 457,842 (2023)[ 10]
Fort-de-France France 10.166 (2022)[ 2] 352,205 (2022)[ 3]
Fortaleza Brazil 23.8 (2023)[ 25] 3,750,000 (2023)[ 25]
6,347
Foshan [ 105] China 187.622 (2024)9,657,150 (2024)
Franca Brazil 2.9 (2023)[ 25] 410,000 (2023)[ 25]
7,073
Frankfurt Rhine-Main Germany 307.49 (2022)[ 106] 5,800,000 (2023)[ 106]
53,016
Fredericton Canada 5.159 (2022)[ 4] 116,159 (2022)[ 5]
Fresno, CA MSA United States 60.151259 (2023)[ 9] 1,180,020 (2023)[ 10]
Fukuoka–Kitakyushu Japan 182.952 (2019)[ 107] 4,750,000 (2020)[ 8]
Fuzhou [ 108] China 199.907 (2024)8,485,000 (2024)
Gadsden, AL MSA United States 3.776967 (2023)[ 9] 103,241 (2023)[ 10]
Gainesville, FL MSA United States 21.823778 (2023)[ 9] 352,126 (2023)[ 10]
Gainesville, GA MSA United States 16.640845 (2023)[ 9] 217,267 (2023)[ 10]
Galati Romania 5.204 (2021)[ 2] 495,149 (2021)[ 3]
Gdansk metropolitan area Poland 28.126 (2021)[ 2] 1,360,005 (2021)[ 3]
Geelong Australia 8.725 (2018–19)[ 14] 271,848 (2018–19)[ 109]
George Town conurbation Malaysia 30.2 (2020)[ 110] [ 111] [ 112] 2,843,344 (2020)[ 113]
Gettysburg, PA MSA United States 4.739846 (2023)[ 9] 106,748 (2023)[ 10]
Ghent metropolitan area Belgium 38.834 (2022)[ 2] 656,665 (2022)[ 3]
Gibraltar Gibraltar 3.265 (2022)[ 114] [ 115] 32,688 (2022)[ 116]
Gipuzkoa Spain 30.738 (2023)[ 2] 735,235 (2026)[ 3]
Gladstone Australia 4.464 (2018–19)[ 14] 45,130 (2018)[ 117]
Glasgow United Kingdom 39.506 (2023)[ 6] [ 53] 631,970 (2023)[ 6]
62,512
Glens Falls, NY MSA United States 8.717091 (2023)[ 9] 125,427 (2023)[ 10]
Goiânia Brazil 19.8 (2023)[ 25] 2,640,000 (2023)[ 25]
7,500
Gold Coast Australia 26.669 (2018–19)[ 14] 679,127 (2018)[ 118]
Goldsboro, NC MSA United States 6.339867 (2023)[ 9] 118,686 (2023)[ 10]
Gorgan Iran 2.8 (2024)[ 17] 390,000 (2024)[ 17]
7,179
Gothenburg Sweden 104.765 (2021)[ 2] 1,734,443 (2021)[ 3]
Granada metropolitan area Spain 22.530 (2023)[ 2] 954,560 (2026)[ 3]
Grand Besançon Métropole France 18.888 (2021)[ 2] 546,224 (2021)[ 3]
Grand Forks, ND-MN MSA United States 6.878157 (2023)[ 9] 103,120 (2023)[ 10]
Grand Genève Switzerland 61.752 (2021)[ 2] 506,343 (2021)[ 3]
Grand Island, NE MSA United States 5.979384 (2023)[ 9] 76,479 (2023)[ 10]
Grand Junction, CO MSA United States 9.147468 (2023)[ 9] 159,681 (2023)[ 10]
Grand Poitiers communauté urbaine France 15.197 (2021)[ 2] 439,635 (2021)[ 3]
Grand Rapids-Kentwood, MI MSA United States 82.311400 (2023)[ 9] 1,094,198 (2022)[ 10]
Grand Reims France 24.109 (2021)[ 2] 563,998 (2021)[ 3]
Grants Pass, OR MSA United States 3.877152 (2023)[ 9] 87,821 (2023)[ 10]
Graz Austria 35.891 (2021)[ 2] 646,099 (2021)[ 3]
Great Falls, MT MSA United States 5.345805 (2023)[ 9] 84,900 (2023)[ 10]
Greater Buenos Aires Argentina 235.6 (2023)[ 37] 15,490,000 (2023)[ 37]
15,210
Greater Concepción Chile 13.4 (2023)[ 28] 910,000 (2023)[ 28]
14,725
Greater Dhaka Bangladesh 93.6 (2024)[ 48] 24,570,000 (2024)[ 48]
3,810
Greater Dublin Area Ireland 272.454 (2021)[ 2] 2,160,781 (2021)[ 3]
126,091
Greater Helsinki Finland 117.42 (2024)[ 119] 1,500,000 (2022)[ 44]
Greater Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 159.603 (2023)[ 120] [ circular reference ] 9,100,000 (2023)[ 68]
Greater La Serena Chile 6.9 (2023)[ 28] 510,000 (2023)[ 28]
13,529
Greater Mendoza Argentina 18.9 (2023)[ 37] 1,230,000 (2023)[ 37]
15,366
Greater Metropolitan Area (Costa Rica) Costa Rica 34.8 (2023)[ 121] 2,220,000 (2023)[ 121]
15,676
Greater Mexico City Mexico 276.7 (2023)[ 13] 22,280,000 (2023)[ 13]
12,419
Greater Montreal Canada 214.744 (2022)[ 4] 4,378,796 (2022)[ 5]
Greater Oslo Region Norway 83.936 (2021)[ 2] 697,010 (2021)[ 3]
Greater Rosario Argentina 25 (2023)[ 37] 1,590,000 (2023)[ 37]
15,723
Greater São Paulo Brazil 319.3 (2023)[ 25] 22,360,000 (2023)[ 25]
14,280
Greater Stavanger Norway 37.352 (2021)[ 2] 482,645 (2021)[ 3]
Greater Sudbury Canada 9.355 (2022)[ 4] 175,357 (2022)[ 5]
Greater Temuco Chile 4.4 (2023)[ 28] 350,000 (2023)[ 28]
12,571
Greater Tokyo Area Japan 1,675 (2025)[ 122] 41,200,000 (2025)[ 42]
40,655
Greater Toronto Area Canada 435.227 (2022)[ 4] 7,507,460 (2022)[ 5]
57,973
Greater Valparaíso Chile 17.5 (2023)[ 28] 1,010,000 (2023)[ 28]
17,327
Greater Vancouver Canada 155.552 (2022)[ 4] 2,842,730 (2022)[ 5]
Greater Vitória Brazil 19.6 (2023)[ 25] 1,910,000 (2023)[ 25]
10,262
Greeley, CO MSA United States 28.181144 (2023)[ 9] 359,442 (2023)[ 10]
Green Bay, WI MSA United States 26.276686 (2023)[ 9] 331,882 (2023)[ 10]
Greensboro-High Point, NC MSA United States 52.925956 (2023)[ 9] 789,842 (2023)[ 10]
Greenville, NC MSA United States 11.865912 (2023)[ 9] 175,119 (2023)[ 10]
Greenville-Anderson, SC MSA United States 63.357431 (2023)[ 9] 958,958 (2022)[ 10]
Grenoble metropolitan area France 53.016 (2021)[ 2] 1,280,557 (2021)[ 3]
Groningen Netherlands 26.587 (2021)[ 2] 451,098 (2021)[ 3]
Guadalajara metropolitan area Mexico 65.8 (2023)[ 13] 5,420,000 (2023)[ 13]
12,140
Guatemala City Guatemala 23.9 (2023)[ 123] 3,100,000 (2023)[ 123]
7,710
Guayaquil Ecuador 23.1 (2023)[ 87] 3,140,000 (2023)[ 87]
7,357
Guangzhou China 449.424 (2025)[ 124] [ 52] 18,902,500 (2024)[ 125]
23,776
Guelph Canada 9.897 (2022)[ 4] 172,400 (2022)[ 5]
Guiyang China 62.511 (2020)[ 70] [ 126] 3,300,000 (2020)[ 8]
Gujranwala Pakistan 15.681 (2016)[ 127] 5,011,066 (2017)[ 128]
Gulfport-Biloxi, MS MSA United States 24.668587 (2023)[ 9] 421,916 (2023)[ 10]
Gwangju South Korea 36.000 (2022)[ 88] 1,630,000 (2022)[ 44]
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV MSA United States 15.286099 (2023)[ 9] 305,902 (2023)[ 10]
Haifa Israel 25.082 (2019)[ 129] 1,050,000 (2019)[ 130]
Haiphong Vietnam 11.9 (2023)[ 57] 1,420,000 (2023)[ 57]
8,380
Haixi Prefecture [ 131] China 11.906 (2024)472,050 (2024)
Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada 23.284 (2022)[ 4] 480,582 (2022)[ 5]
Hamadan Iran 4.6 (2024)[ 17] 610,000 (2024)[ 17]
7,541
Hamamatsu Japan 54.3 (2010)[ 132] [ 133] 800,866 (2010)[ 134]
Hamburg Metropolitan Region Germany 294.972 (2021)[ 135] 5,500,000 (2023)[ 135]
53,631
Hami [ 136] China 15.227 (2024)668,750 (2024)
Hammond, LA MSA United States 6.219912 (2023)[ 9] 138,064 (2023)[ 10]
Hanford-Corcoran, CA MSA United States 8.873931 (2023)[ 9] 152,682 (2023)[ 10]
Hangzhou [ 137] China 306.949 (2024)12,573,000 (2024)
24,413
Hanoi Vietnam 37.6 (2023)[ 57] 5,250,000 (2023)[ 57]
7,162
Hanover–Braunschweig–Göttingen–Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region Germany 199.167 (2021)[ 138] 3,900,000 (2021)[ 138]
51,068
Harbin China 94.1 (2017)[ 139] 10,009,854 (2020)[ 140]
Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA MSA United States 50.902418 (2023)[ 9] 606,055 (2023)[ 10]
Harrisonburg, VA MSA United States 10.348301 (2023)[ 9] 137,650 (2023)[ 10]
Hartford-East Hartford-Middletown, CT (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 122.805302 (2023)[ 9] 1,221,725 (2022)[ 10]
Hattiesburg, MS MSA United States 8.700243 (2023)[ 9] 155,740 (2023)[ 10]
Havana Cuba 21.4 (2023)[ 61] 2,150,000 (2023)[ 61]
9,953
Hefei [ citation needed ] China 189.670 (2024)7,800,000 (2024)[ 22]
Hermosillo Mexico 17.8 (2023)[ 13] 920,000 (2023)[ 13]
19,348
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC MSA United States 19.612987 (2022)[ 9] 367,802 (2022)[ 10]
Hillah Iraq 3.2 (2024)[ 18] 660,000 (2024)[ 18]
4,848
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton, SC MSA United States 14.360798 (2023)[ 9] 228,410 (2022)[ 10]
Hinesville, GA MSA United States 5.154740 (2023)[ 9] 88,804 (2023)[ 10]
Hiroshima Japan 61.3 (2010)[ 132] [ 133] 2,860,750 (2010)[ 141]
Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam 60.3 (2023)[ 57] 9,320,000 (2023)[ 57]
6,470
Hobart Australia 11.388 (2018–19)[ 14] 218,874 (2018–19)[ 142]
Hohhot [ 143] China 57.670 (2024)3,621,750 (2024)
Homosassa Springs, FL MSA United States 6.430594 (2023)[ 9] 166,696 (2023)[ 10]
Hong Kong China 450.138 (2026)[ 144] 7,548,000 (2026)[ 144]
59,637
Hot Springs, AR MSA United States 4.606197 (2023)[ 9] 99,784 (2023)[ 10]
Houma-Thibodaux, LA MSA United States 12.215010 (2023)[ 9] 200,656 (2022)[ 10]
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 757.751 (2024)[ 145] 7,777,907 (2024)[ 33]
97,424
Hsinchu Taiwan 11.980 (2016)[ 146] 448,207 (2020)[ 147]
Huai'an [ 148] China 76.007 (2024)4,538,300 (2024)
Huế Vietnam 1.3 (2023)[ 57] 430,000 (2023)[ 57]
3,023
Huizhou [ 149] China 86.165 (2024)6,095,100 (2024)
Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH MSA United States 19.176990 (2023)[ 9] 368,261 (2023)[ 10]
Huntsville, AL MSA United States 42.815938 (2023)[ 9] 527,254 (2023)[ 10]
Huzhou [ 150] China 59.163 (2024)3,452,000 (2024)
Hyderabad Metropolitan Region India 60.7 (2023)[ 16] 10,800,000 (2023)[ 16]
5,620
Iași Romania 9.928 (2021)[ 2] 794,752 (2021)[ 3]
Ibagué Colombia 3.6 (2023)[ 31] 600,000 (2023)[ 31]
6,000
Idaho Falls, ID MSA United States 11.962936 (2023)[ 9] 168,322 (2023)[ 10]
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 199.197977 (2023)[ 9] 2,141,779 (2022)[ 10]
Indore India 9.3 (2023)[ 16] 3,300,000 (2023)[ 16]
2,818
Innsbruck Austria 17.489 (2021)[ 2] 312,757 (2021)[ 3]
Iowa City, IA MSA United States 13.602212 (2023)[ 9] 180,088 (2023)[ 10]
Irapuato Mexico 4.2 (2023)[ 13] 480,000 (2023)[ 13]
8,750
Irbid Jordan 3.1 (2024)[ 24] 560,000 (2024)[ 24]
5,536
Isfahan Iran 23.2 (2024)[ 17] 2,290,000 (2024)[ 17]
10,131
Ismailia Egypt 2.3 (2024)[ 19] 380,000 (2024)[ 19]
6,053
Istanbul metropolitan area Turkey 398.597 (2024)[ 151] [ 52] 15,900,000 (2024)[ 22]
25,069
Ithaca, NY MSA United States 7.388818 (2023)[ 9] 103,558 (2023)[ 10]
İzmir Turkey 86 (2023)[ 152] 3,025,000 (2023)[ 68]
Jackson, MI MSA United States 8.588193 (2023)[ 9] 159,424 (2023)[ 10]
Jackson, MS MSA United States 37.054502 (2023)[ 9] 610,257 (2023)[ 10]
Jackson, TN MSA United States 11.474534 (2023)[ 9] 181,826 (2023)[ 10]
Jacksonville, FL (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 129.094522 (2023)[ 9] 1,713,240 (2023)[ 10]
Jacksonville, NC MSA United States 11.858614 (2023)[ 9] 213,676 (2023)[ 10]
Jaipur India 12.7 (2023)[ 16] 4,210,000 (2023)[ 16]
3,017
Jakarta metropolitan area Indonesia 434.389 (2024)[ 153] 29,200,000 (2024)[ 22]
14,876
Janesville-Beloit, WI MSA United States 10.503232 (2023)[ 9] 164,278 (2023)[ 10]
Jeddah Saudi Arabia 138.970 (2022)[ 154] 3,752,000 (2022)[ 44]
Jefferson City, MO MSA United States 10.722699 (2023)[ 9] 150,733 (2023)[ 10]
Jerusalem Israel 48.0 (2015)[ 155] 1,008,400 (2013)[ 156]
Jiaxing [ 157] China 106.288 (2024)5,596,000 (2024)
Jiayuguan [ 158] China 4.351 (2024)315,050 (2024)
Jinan [ 159] China 189.949 (2024)9,475,850 (2024)
Jinchang [ 160] China 7.088 (2024)433,500 (2024)
Jingmen China 27.640 (2020)[ 70] [ 161] 2,596,927 (2020)[ 162]
Jiujiang China 46.981 (2020)[ 70] [ 163] 4,600,276 (2020)[ 164]
João Pessoa, Paraíba Brazil 7.2 (2023)[ 25] 1,170,000 (2023)[ 25]
6,154
Johannesburg South Africa 134.682 (2022)[ 63] 8,400,042 (2022)[ 165]
Johnson City, TN MSA United States 10.758069 (2022)[ 9] 210,223 (2022)[ 10]
Johnstown, PA MSA United States 6.068733 (2023)[ 9] 130,668 (2023)[ 10]
Joinville Brazil 11.3 (2023)[ 25] 660,000 (2023)[ 25]
17,121
Jonesboro, AR MSA United States 7.875673 (2023)[ 9] 136,390 (2023)[ 10]
Joplin, MO MSA United States 9.860195 (2023)[ 9] 184,086 (2022)[ 10]
Juazeiro do Norte Brazil 2 (2023)[ 25] 480,000 (2023)[ 25]
4,167
Juiz de Fora Brazil 5.3 (2023)[ 25] 610,000 (2023)[ 25]
8,689
Jundiaí Brazil 19.5 (2023)[ 25] 840,000 (2023)[ 25]
23,214
Kabul Afghanistan 6.000 5,050,000 (2024)[ 22]
Kafr El Dawwar Egypt 2.3 (2024)[ 19] 370,000 (2024)[ 19]
6,216
Kagoshima Japan 53.0 (2019)[ 122] 1,588,256 (2020)[ 166]
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI MSA United States 12.299263 (2023)[ 9] 164,351 (2022)[ 10]
Kalamazoo-Portage, MI MSA United States 20.316132 (2023)[ 9] 262,215 (2023)[ 10]
Kamloops Canada 5.885 (2022)[ 4] 119,408 (2022)[ 5]
Kankakee, IL MSA United States 8.725053 (2023)[ 9] 105,940 (2023)[ 10]
Kannur India 8.2 (2023)[ 16] 2,350,000 (2023)[ 16]
3,489
Kanpur India 5 (2023)[ 16] 3,230,000 (2023)[ 16]
1,548
Kansas City, MO-KS (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 185.746211 (2023)[ 9] 2,221,343 (2023)[ 10]
Kaohsiung Taiwan 58.071 (2016)[ 146] 2,775,000 (2020)[ 8]
Karachi Pakistan 106.2 (2022)[ 167] 18,600,000 (2022)[ 44]
Karaj Iran 11.2 (2024)[ 17] 1,600,000 (2024)[ 17]
7,000
Karamay [ 168] China 18.633 (2024)490,950 (2024)
Karbala Iraq 2.9 (2024)[ 18] 600,000 (2024)[ 18]
4,833
Kashan Iran 2.9 (2024)[ 17] 350,000 (2024)[ 17]
8,286
Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area [ note 1] Poland Czech Republic 88.791 (2021)[ 2] 4,410,354 (2021)[ 3]
Kaunas urban area Lithuania 11.69021 (2021)[ 2] 565,628 (2021)[ 3]
Kelowna Canada 10.444 (2022)[ 4] 235,473 (2022)[ 5]
Kennewick-Richland, WA MSA United States 21.082419 (2023)[ 9] 314,253 (2023)[ 10]
Kerman Iran 3.8 (2024)[ 17] 550,000 (2024)[ 17]
6,909
Kermanshah Iran 8.8 (2024)[ 17] 1,100,000 (2024)[ 17]
8,000
Khorramabad Iran 3.1 (2024)[ 17] 420,000 (2024)[ 17]
7,381
Kielce Poland 10.378 (2021)[ 2] 708,766 (2021)[ 3]
Killeen-Temple, TX MSA United States 26.667324 (2023)[ 9] 501,333 (2023)[ 10]
Kingston upon Hull United Kingdom 10.325 (2023)[ 6] [ 53] 271,942 (2023)[ 6]
37,968
Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA MSA United States 18.326336 (2023)[ 9] 313,025 (2023)[ 10]
Kingston, NY MSA United States 9.905383 (2023)[ 9] 182,333 (2023)[ 10]
Kingston, Ontario Canada 8.252 (2022)[ 4] 180,070 (2022)[ 5]
Kirkuk Iraq 6.2 (2024)[ 18] 1,100,000 (2024)[ 18]
5,636
Kitchener, Ontario Canada 30.943 (2022)[ 4] 622,497 (2022)[ 5]
Khulna Bangladesh 2.4 (2024)[ 48] 970,000 (2024)[ 48]
2,474
Knoxville, TN MSA United States 64.382649 (2023)[ 9] 946,264 (2023)[ 10]
Kochi metropolitan area India 12 (2023)[ 16] 3,410,000 (2023)[ 16]
3,519
Kokomo, IN MSA United States 5.473566 (2023)[ 9] 83,831 (2023)[ 10]
Kolkata metropolitan area India 45.8 (2023)[ 16] 15,330,000 (2023)[ 16]
2,988
Kollam India 7.3 (2023)[ 16] 2,110,000 (2023)[ 16]
3,460
Košice Slovakia 13.994 (2022)[ 2] 780,288 (2022)[ 3]
Kozhikode India 16.2 (2023)[ 16] 4,090,000 (2023)[ 16]
3,961
Kraków metropolitan area Poland 33.993 (2021)[ 2] 1,533,641 (2021)[ 3]
Kumamoto Japan 39.8 (2010)[ 132] [ 169] 1,817,426 (2010)[ 170]
Kunming China 97.628 (2020)[ 70] [ 171] 4,250,000 (2020)[ 8]
Kut Iraq 2.3 (2024)[ 18] 510,000 (2024)[ 18]
4,510
Kuwait City Kuwait 84.8 (2024)[ 172] 3,350,000 (2024)[ 172]
25,313
Kyiv Ukraine 27.5 (2020)[ 173] 3,475,000 (2020)[ 8]
Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe Japan 704.566 (2022)[ 174] [ 52] 17,700,000 (2022)[ 44]
39,806
La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN MSA United States 10.146203 (2023)[ 9] 170,238 (2023)[ 10]
La Paz Bolivia
6.2 (2023)[ 82]
1,940,000 (2023)[ 82]
3,196
La Plata Argentina 12.9 (2023)[ 37] 910,000 (2023)[ 37]
14,176
Lafayette, LA MSA United States 27.687065 (2023)[ 9] 414,288 (2023)[ 10]
Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN MSA United States 14.979052 (2023)[ 9] 226,564 (2023)[ 10]
Lagos metropolitan area Nigeria 102.010 (2021)[ 175] 20,100,000 (2021)[ 50]
Lahore Pakistan 60.000 (2022)[ 176] 13,900,000 (2022)[ 44]
Lake Charles, LA MSA United States 19.707364 (2022)[ 9] 239,113 (2022)[ 10]
Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ MSA United States 8.845478 (2023)[ 9] 223,682 (2023)[ 10]
Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL MSA United States 41.081699 (2023)[ 9] 818,330 (2023)[ 10]
Lancaster, PA MSA United States 38.970487 (2023)[ 9] 558,589 (2023)[ 10]
Lansing-East Lansing, MI MSA United States 35.439859 (2023)[ 9] 473,177 (2023)[ 10]
Laredo, TX MSA United States 16.186701 (2023)[ 9] 269,148 (2023)[ 10]
Las Cruces, NM MSA United States 10.565364 (2023)[ 9] 225,210 (2023)[ 10]
Las Palmas metropolitan area Spain 30.411 (2023)[ 2] 1,179,391 (2026)[ 3]
Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 178.388313 (2023)[ 9] 2,322,985 (2022)[ 10]
Launceston Australia 3.961 (2018–19)[ 14] 89,532 (2018–19)[ 177]
Lausanne metropolitan area Switzerland 68.982 (2021)[ 2] 814,762 (2021)[ 3]
Lawrence, KS MSA United States 6.741959 (2023)[ 9] 120,553 (2023)[ 10]
Lawton, OK MSA United States 6.838293 (2023)[ 9] 127,001 (2023)[ 10]
Le Mans Métropole France 18.444 (2021)[ 2] 565,314 (2021)[ 3]
Lebanon, PA MSA United States 7.912272 (2023)[ 9] 144,252 (2023)[ 10]
Leeds (West Yorkshire ) United Kingdom 48.918 (2023)[ 6] [ 53] 829,413 (2023)[ 6]
58,979
Leeuwarden metropolitan area Netherlands 13.311 (2021)[ 2] 321,562 (2021)[ 3]
Leicester United Kingdom 14.230 (2023)[ 6] [ 53] 379,780 (2023)[ 6] [ 53]
37,469
Leiden Netherlands 20.721 (2021)[ 2] 431,595 (2021)[ 3]
León metropolitan area Mexico 20.9 (2023)[ 13] 1,900,000 (2023)[ 13]
11,000
Les Abymes France 11.045 (2022)[ 2] 407,810 (2022)[ 3]
Lethbridge Canada 5.968 (2022)[ 4] 133,064 (2022)[ 5]
Lewiston, ID-WA MSA United States 3.915782 (2023)[ 9] 65,536 (2023)[ 10]
Lewiston-Auburn, ME MSA United States 6.750171 (2023)[ 9] 113,765 (2023)[ 10]
Lexington-Fayette, KY MSA United States 38.612656 (2023)[ 9] 520,045 (2023)[ 10]
Lhasa [ 178] China 13.902 (2024)871,800 (2024)
Lianyungang [ 179] China 65.478 (2024)4,587,850 (2024)
Liège Belgium 30.383 (2022)[ 2] 826,237 (2022)[ 3]
Lima metropolitan area Peru 114.400 (2023)[ 29] 11,600,000 (2023)[ 68]
Lima, OH MSA United States 11.599931 (2023)[ 9] 100,838 (2023)[ 10]
Limoges metropolitan area France 13.327 (2021)[ 2] 370,651 (2021)[ 3]
Lincoln, NE MSA United States 27.995268 (2023)[ 9] 344,387 (2023)[ 10]
Linz Austria 48.98 (2021)[ 2] 808,545 (2021)[ 3]
Lisbon metropolitan area Portugal 163.61 (2022)[ 2] 3,023,627 (2025)[ 3]
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR MSA United States 51.199275 (2023)[ 9] 764,045 (2023)[ 10]
Liuzhou China 46.060 (2020)[ 70] [ 104] 2,000,000 (2020)[ 8]
Liverpool (Merseyside ) United Kingdom 61.200 (2023)[ 6] [ 53] 1,586,149 (2023)[ 6]
38,584
Ljubljana Slovenia 23.092 (2022)[ 2] 555,213 (2022)[ 3]
Łódź metropolitan area Poland 21.78 (2021)[ 2] 1,054,668 (2021)[ 3]
Logan, UT-ID MSA United States 8.907030 (2023)[ 9] 157,887 (2023)[ 10]
London United Kingdom 895.916 (2023)[ 6] 8,945,309 (2023)[ 6]
100,155
London, Ontario Canada 25.101 (2022)[ 4] 574,238 (2022)[ 5]
Londrina Brazil 7.5 (2023)[ 25] 770,000 (2023)[ 25]
9,740
Long Xuyên (city) Vietnam 1 (2023)[ 57] 340,000 (2023)[ 57]
2,941
Longview, TX MSA United States 20.024488 (2023)[ 9] 293,498 (2023)[ 10]
Longview, WA MSA United States 7.096628 (2023)[ 9] 111,956 (2022)[ 10]
Longyan [ 180] China 48.004 (2024)2,690,500 (2024)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 1,295.361403 (2024)[ 9] 12,927,614 (2024)[ 10]
100,201
Los Mochis Mexico 3.9 (2023)[ 13] 330,000 (2023)[ 13]
11,818
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 97.751023 (2023)[ 9] 1,365,557 (2023)[ 10]
Lubbock, TX MSA United States 19.655310 (2023)[ 9] 360,104 (2023)[ 10]
Lublin Poland 11.549 (2021)[ 2] 687,985 (2021)[ 3]
Lucerne Switzerland 36.359 (2021)[ 2] 459,867 (2021)[ 3]
Lucknow India 6.8 (2023)[ 16] 3,950,000 (2023)[ 16]
1,722
Luton United Kingdom 9.522 (2023)[ 6] [ 53] 231,028 (2023)[ 6]
41,216
Luoyang China 74.352 (2020)[ 70] 2,550,000 (2020)[ 8]
Luxembourg metropolitan area Luxembourg 81.642 (2022)[ 2] 645,397 (2022)[ 3]
Lynchburg, VA MSA United States 13.511861 (2023)[ 9] 264,590 (2023)[ 10]
Maanshan [ citation needed ] China 39.101 (2024)2,196,000 (2024)
Macao China 54.228 (2026)[ 144] 709,000 (2026)[ 144]
Macapá Brazil 3.5 (2023)[ 25] 670,000 (2023)[ 25]
5,224
Maceió Brazil 7.1 (2023)[ 25] 1,240,000 (2023)[ 25]
5,726
Mackay Australia 6.540 (2018–19)[ 14] 80,148 (2018)[ 181]
Macon-Bibb County, GA MSA United States 13.337109 (2023)[ 9] 236,074 (2023)[ 10]
Madera, CA MSA United States 8.025001 (2023)[ 9] 160,256 (2022)[ 10]
Madison, WI MSA United States 66.115608 (2023)[ 9] 694,345 (2023)[ 10]
Madrid Metropolitan Area Spain 280.939 (2021)[ 2] 6,755,828 (2021)[ 3]
41,585
Makassar Metropolitan Indonesia 17.052 (2021)[ 182] 1,920,000 (2021)[ 50]
Málaga metropolitan area Spain 44.587 (2023)[ 2] 1,805,105 (2026)[ 3]
Malappuram India 14.2 (2023)[ 16] 4,010,000 (2023)[ 16]
3,541
Malmö Sweden 73.741 (2021)[ 2] 1,389,336 (2021)[ 3]
Manado Metropolitan Indonesia 5.487 (2021)[ 183] 1,008,126 (2021)[ 183]
Manama Bahrain
19.7 (2024)[ 184]
730,000 (2024)[ 184]
26,986
Manaus Brazil 22.5 (2023)[ 25] 2,280,000 (2023)[ 25]
9,868
Manchester (Greater Manchester ) United Kingdom 137.029 (2023)[ 6] [ 53] 2,948,633 (2023)[ 6]
46,472
Manchester-Nashua, NH MSA United States 36.596890 (2023)[ 9] 427,354 (2023)[ 10]
Manhattan, KS MSA United States 8.802533 (2023)[ 9] 132,831 (2023)[ 10]
Mangaluru India 9.49 (2022)623,841 (2011)
Manizales Colombia 2.9 (2023)[ 31] 460,000 (2023)[ 31]
6,304
Mankato, MN MSA United States 7.182368 (2023)[ 9] 104,248 (2023)[ 10]
Mar del Plata Argentina 8.3 (2023)[ 37] 690,000 (2023)[ 37]
12,029
Maribor Slovenia 7.613 (2022)[ 2] 327,998 (2022)[ 3]
Maringá Brazil 6.4 (2023)[ 25] 680,000 (2023)[ 25]
9,412
Mansfield, OH MSA United States 5.920097 (2023)[ 9] 125,064 (2023)[ 10]
Mansoura, Egypt Egypt 3.8 (2024)[ 19] 600,000 (2024)[ 19]
6,333
Mashhad Iran 24.9 (2024)[ 17] 3,420,000 (2024)[ 17]
7,281
Matamoros, Tamaulipas Mexico 4.9 (2023)[ 13] 590,000 (2023)[ 13]
8,305
Mataram Metropolitan Indonesia 5.491 (2021)[ 185] 3,808,908 (2021)[ 185]
Mazatlán Mexico 4.9 (2023)[ 13] 480,000 (2023)[ 13]
10,208
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX MSA United States 30.225234 (2023)[ 9] 898,471 (2023)[ 10]
Medan Metropolitan Indonesia 28.248 (2021)[ 186] 4,075,000 (2021)[ 50]
Medford, OR MSA United States 12.853288 (2023)[ 9] 220,768 (2023)[ 10]
Mega Manila Philippines 274.736 (2025)[ 187] 41,099,507
6,685
Melbourne Australia 318.677 (2021)[ 43] 5,050,000 (2021)[ 50]
63,104
Memphis, TN-MS-AR (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 102.934012 (2023)[ 9] 1,335,674 (2023)[ 10]
Merced, CA MSA United States 12.214481 (2023)[ 9] 291,920 (2023)[ 10]
Mérida, Yucatán Mexico 13.9 (2023)[ 13] 1,220,000 (2023)[ 13]
11,393
Métropole du Grand Nancy France 24.649 (2021)[ 2] 732,085 (2021)[ 3]
Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur France 46.825 (2021)[ 2] 1,101,039 (2021)[ 3]
Métropole Rouen Normandie France 50.939 (2021)[ 2] 1,254,203 (2021)[ 3]
Metropolis of Lyon France 115.084 (2021)[ 2] 1,899,599 (2021)[ 3]
60,583
Metropolitan area of Barranquilla Colombia 14.4 (2023)[ 31] 2,370,000 (2023)[ 31]
6,076
Metropolitan Area of Cúcuta Colombia 3.6 (2023)[ 31] 970,000 (2023)[ 31]
3,711
Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley Colombia 35 (2023)[ 31] 4,140,000 (2023)[ 31]
8,454
Metropolitan City of Bari Italy 33.945 (2021)[ 2] 1,230,819 (2021)[ 3]
Metropolitan City of Cagliari Italy 14.262 (2021)[ 2] 421,488 (2021)[ 3]
Metropolitan City of Catania Italy 24.86 (2021)[ 2] 1,074,089 (2021)[ 3]
Metropolitan City of Florence Italy 45.934 (2021)[ 2] 998,431 (2021)[ 3]
Metropolitan City of Genoa Italy 34.345 (2021)[ 2] 823,612 (2021)[ 3]
Metropolitan City of Messina Italy 13.702 (2021)[ 2] 603,980 (2021)[ 3]
Metropolitan City of Palermo Italy 28.834 (2021)[ 2] 1,208,819 (2021)[ 3]
Metropolitan City of Venice Italy 31.306 (2021)[ 2] 843,545 (2021)[ 3]
Metropolitan Cork Ireland 136.816 (2021)[ 2] 719,187 (2021)[ 3]
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 533.674 (2024)[ 9] 6,457,988 (2024)[ 10]
82,638
Michigan City-La Porte, IN MSA United States 5.676096 (2023)[ 9] 111,706 (2023)[ 10]
Midland, MI MSA United States 7.636137 (2023)[ 9] 84,039 (2023)[ 10]
Midland, TX MSA United States 53.664570 (2023)[ 9] 182,324 (2023)[ 10]
Milan metropolitan area Italy 270.171 (2021)[ 2] 4,339,269 (2021)[ 3]
62,262
Milton Keynes United Kingdom 22.240 (2023)[ 6] [ 53] 298,270 (2023)[ 6]
74,563
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 130.856689 (2023)[ 9] 1,560,424 (2023)[ 10]
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 369.266 (2024)[ 188] 3,760,895 (2024)[ 33]
98,186
Minsk Belarus 19.913 (2023)[ 189] [ 190] 2,050,000 (2023)[ 68]
Miskolc metropolitan area Hungary 7.787 (2022)[ 2] 626,477 (2022)[ 3]
Missoula, MT MSA United States 8.201713 (2023)[ 9] 126,939 (2023)[ 10]
Mobile, AL MSA United States 29.553574 (2023)[ 9] 411,640 (2023)[ 10]
Modesto, CA MSA United States 30.597632 (2023)[ 9] 551,430 (2023)[ 10]
Monaco Monaco 6.816 (2020)[ 191] 39,150 (2021)[ 192]
Moncton Canada 7.467 (2022)[ 4] 171,608 (2022)[ 5]
Monroe, LA MSA United States 10.276428 (2023)[ 9] 221,885 (2023)[ 10]
Monroe, MI MSA United States 7.956412 (2023)[ 9] 155,045 (2023)[ 10]
Montería Colombia 1.6 (2023)[ 31] 450,000 (2023)[ 31]
3,556
Monterrey Mexico 140 (2015)[ 193] 5,324,281 (2020)[ 194]
Montes Claros Brazil 2.4 (2023)[ 25] 420,000 (2023)[ 25]
5,714
Montevideo Uruguay 53.9 (2022)[ 195] 1,870,000 (2022)[ 44]
Montgomery, AL MSA United States 24.065840 (2023)[ 9] 385,480 (2023)[ 10]
Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole France 45.4 (2021)[ 2] 1,203,899 (2021)[ 3]
Morgantown, WV MSA United States 10.070965 (2023)[ 9] 141,817 (2023)[ 10]
Morristown, TN MSA United States 7.387094 (2023)[ 9] 124,054 (2023)[ 10]
Moscow metropolitan area Russia 504.808 (2022)[ 43] 17,400,000 (2022)[ 44]
29,012
Mosul Iraq 10.6 (2024)[ 18] 1,850,000 (2024)[ 18]
5,730
Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA MSA United States 8.858346 (2023)[ 9] 131,417 (2023)[ 10]
Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération France 27.137 (2021)[ 2] 767,736 (2021)[ 3]
Multan Pakistan 12.000 (2022)[ 196] 2,225,000 (2022)[ 44]
Mumbai Metropolitan Region India 106.9 (2023)[ 16] 21,300,000 (2023)[ 16]
5,019
Muncie, IN MSA United States 5.333469 (2023)[ 9] 112,321 (2023)[ 10]
Munich Metropolitan Region Germany 389.628 (2022)[ 197] 6,300,000 (2023)[ 197]
61,846
Murcia metropolitan area Spain 45.988 (2024)[ 2] 1,604,043 (2026)[ 3]
Muskegon, MI MSA United States 8.004713 (2023)[ 9] 176,565 (2022)[ 10]
Mymensingh Bangladesh 1.2 (2024)[ 48] 500,000 (2024)[ 48]
2,400
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC MSA United States 27.945154 (2023)[ 9] 536,165 (2022)[ 10]
Nagoya Japan 454.904 (2022)[ 122] [ 52] 10,500,000 (2022)[ 44]
43,324
Nagpur metropolitan area India 12.9 (2023)[ 16] 3,050,000 (2023)[ 16]
4,230
Nairobi Kenya 30 (2023)[ 198] 6,550,000 (2023)[ 68]
Najaf Iraq 3.7 (2024)[ 18] 990,000 (2024)[ 18]
3,737
Namur metropolitan area Belgium 11.973 (2022)[ 2] 321,698 (2022)[ 3]
Nanaimo Canada 4.89 (2022)[ 4] 120,165 (2022)[ 5]
Nanchang China 109.530 (2024)[ 163] 6,619,300 (2024)[ 164]
Nanjing [ 199] China 259.781 (2024)9,562,000 (2024)
27,168
Nanning China 54.299 (2015)[ 200] [ 201] 7,765,411 (2015)[ 202]
Nanping China 29.104 (2020)[ 70] [ 203] 2,680,645 (2020)[ 204]
Nantes France 64.853 (2021)[ 2] 1,461,267 (2021)[ 3]
Nantong [ 205] China 174.423 (2024)7,749,250 (2024)
Napa, CA MSA United States 14.227116 (2023)[ 9] 133,216 (2023)[ 10]
Naples metropolitan area Italy 72.215 (2021)[ 2] 2,986,745 (2021)[ 3]
Naples-Marco Island, FL MSA United States 31.526854 (2023)[ 9] 404,310 (2023)[ 10]
Nashik Metropolitan Region India 9.4 (2023)[ 16] 2,240,000 (2023)[ 16]
4,196
Nashville-Davidson—Murfreesboro—Franklin, TN (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 223.009 (2024)[ 206] 2,162,758 (2024)[ 33]
103,113
Nasiriyah Iraq 4.1 (2024)[ 18] 690,000 (2024)[ 18]
5,942
Natal Brazil 8.6 (2023)[ 25] 1,400,000 (2023)[ 25]
6,143
National Capital Region (India) India 183.8 (2023)[ 16] 32,940,000 (2023)[ 16]
5,580
Neiva, Huila Colombia 2.2 (2023)[ 31] 370,000 (2023)[ 31]
5,946
Neuquén Argentina 6.6 (2023)[ 37] 430,000 (2023)[ 37]
15,349
New Bern, NC MSA United States 7.196683 (2023)[ 9] 122,488 (2022)[ 207]
New Haven-Milford, CT MSA United States 65.232142 (2023)[ 9] 869,527 (2022)[ 10]
New Orleans-Metairie, LA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 102.436589 (2023)[ 9] 962,165 (2023)[ 10]
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 2,442.5 (2024)[ 208] 20,080,087 (2024)[ 33]
121,638
Newcastle Australia 11.554 (2018–19)[ 14] 492,805 (2018–19)[ 209]
Nha Trang Vietnam 1.4 (2023)[ 57] 340,000 (2023)[ 57]
4,118
Nicosia Cyprus 29.251 (2022)[ 2] 904,705 (2022)[ 3]
Niigata Japan 43.3 (2010)[ 210] [ 169] 2,374,450 (2010)[ 211]
Niles, MI MSA United States 9.484269 (2023)[ 9] 152,261 (2023)[ 10]
Ningbo [ 212] China 254.823 (2024)9,737,000 (2024)
26,171
Ningde [ 213] China 54.790 (2024)3,162,000 (2024)
North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL MSA United States 56.607597 (2023)[ 9] 891,411 (2022)[ 10]
Northwest Metropolitan Region Germany 123.046 (2022)[ 214] 2,800,000 (2023)[ 214]
43,945
Norwich-New London, CT MSA United States 23.909840 (2023)[ 9] 268,681 (2022)[ 10]
Nottingham United Kingdom 17.547 (2023)[ 6] [ 53] 329,276 (2023)[ 6]
53,290
Nuremberg Metropolitan Region Germany 175.859 (2022)[ 215] 3,611,000 (2022)[ 215]
48,701
Nyingchi China 2.774 (2020)[ 70] [ 216] 238,936 (2020)[ 217]
Ocala, FL MSA United States 15.982712 (2023)[ 9] 409,959 (2023)[ 10]
Ocean City, NJ MSA United States 7.772540 (2023)[ 9] 95,634 (2022)[ 10]
Odense Denmark 24.15 (2022)[ 2] 501,782 (2022)[ 3]
Odessa, TX MSA United States 15.658079 (2023)[ 9] 164,494 (2023)[ 10]
Ogden-Clearfield, UT MSA United States 43.646961 (2023)[ 9] 713,839 (2022)[ 10]
Okayama Japan 63.1 (2010)[ 132] [ 169] 1,945,276 (2010)[ 218]
Oklahoma City, OK (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 100.054101 (2023)[ 9] 1,477,926 (2023)[ 10]
Olsztyn metropolitan area Poland 8.47 (2021)[ 2] 573,199 (2021)[ 3]
Olympia-Lacey-Tumwater, WA MSA United States 19.969972 (2023)[ 9] 299,003 (2023)[ 10]
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA MSA United States 92.356612 (2023)[ 9] 976,671 (2022)[ 10]
Opole Poland 10.023 (2021)[ 2] 567,836 (2021)[ 3]
Oran Algeria
5.5 (2024)[ 20]
950,000 (2024)[ 20]
5,789
Orange Australia 3.204 (2018–19)[ 14] 40,493 (2018)[ 118]
Ordos [ 219] [ 47] China 89.347 (2024)2,230,400 (2024)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 233.182 (2024)[ 220] 2,919,982 (2024)[ 33]
79,857
Orléans France 27.275 (2021)[ 2] 684,609 (2021)[ 3]
Oruro Bolivia 1.1 (2023)[ 82] 340,000 (2023)[ 82]
3,235
Oshawa Canada 12.576 (2022)[ 4] 447,079 (2022)[ 5]
Oshkosh-Neenah, WI MSA United States 13.408456 (2023)[ 9] 171,735 (2023)[ 10]
Ottawa–Gatineau Canada 81.306 (2022)[ 4] 1,498,610 (2022)[ 5]
Owensboro, KY MSA United States 7.142735 (2023)[ 9] 112,512 (2023)[ 10]
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA MSA United States 65.991334 (2023)[ 9] 829,590 (2023)[ 10]
Padang Metropolitan Indonesia 6.213 (2021)[ 221] 1,441,760 (2021)[ 221]
Padua metropolitan area Italy 39.575 (2021)[ 2] 932,629 (2021)[ 3]
Palembang Metropolitan Indonesia 16.561 (2021)[ 222] 1,740,000 (2021)[ 50]
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL MSA United States 39.591386 (2023)[ 9] 643,979 (2023)[ 10]
Palma de Mallorca metropolitan area Spain 48.375 (2024)[ 2] 1,259,545 (2026)[ 3]
Pamplona metropolitan area Spain 28.812 (2024)[ 2] 689,018 (2026)[ 3]
Panama City, FL MSA United States 12.731669 (2023)[ 9] 185,134 (2022)[ 10]
Panjin [ 223] China 19.848 (2024)1,379,460 (2024)
Panzhihua [ 224] China 19.591 (2024)1,220,500 (2024)
Paris (Metropolitan area ) France 936.851 (2024)[ 2] 12,548,605 (2024)[ 3]
74,658
Parkersburg-Vienna, WV MSA United States 4.711556 (2023)[ 9] 88,052 (2023)[ 10]
Parma Italy 22.51 (2021)[ 2] 449,628 (2021)[ 3]
Pasto, Colombia Colombia 2.1 (2023)[ 31] 400,000 (2023)[ 31]
5,250
Patna India 3.2 (2023)[ 16] 2,580,000 (2023)[ 16]
1,240
Pécs Hungary 4.561 (2022)[ 2] 354,341 (2022)[ 3]
Pekanbaru Metropolitan Indonesia 25.279 (2021)[ 225] 1,250,000 (2021)[ 50]
Pelotas Brazil 2.6 (2023)[ 25] 380,000 (2023)[ 25]
6,842
Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL MSA United States 29.977030 (2023)[ 9] 530,090 (2023)[ 10]
Peoria, IL MSA United States 27.879142 (2023)[ 9] 362,240 (2023)[ 10]
Pereira, Colombia Colombia 3.8 (2023)[ 31] 590,000 (2023)[ 31]
6,441
Perpignan Méditerranée Métropole France 14.49 (2021)[ 2] 483,558 (2021)[ 3]
Perth Australia 111.056 (2018–19)[ 14] 2,087,086 (2018–19)[ 226]
Perugia metropolitan area Italy 20.729 (2021)[ 2] 645,506 (2021)[ 3]
Peterborough United Kingdom 10.905 (2023)[ 6] [ 53] 219,509 (2023)[ 6]
49,679
Peterborough, Ontario Canada 4.601 (2022)[ 4] 135,005 (2022)[ 5]
Petrolina Brazil 3.1 (2023)[ 25] 580,000 (2023)[ 25]
5,345
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 557.601 (2024)[ 9] 6,330,422 (2024)[ 10]
88,083
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 398.129 (2024)[ 9] 5,186,958 (2024)[ 10]
76,756
Pine Bluff, AR MSA United States 4.146574 (2023)[ 9] 84,629 (2022)[ 10]
Piracicaba Brazil 7.9 (2023)[ 25] 480,000 (2023)[ 25]
16,458
Pittsburgh, PA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 194.229253 (2023)[ 9] 2,422,725 (2023)[ 10]
Pittsfield, MA MSA United States 8.955924 (2023)[ 9] 126,818 (2023)[ 10]
Ploiești Romania 10.458 (2021)[ 2] 703,368 (2021)[ 3]
Plovdiv Bulgaria 6.266 (2021)[ 2] 666,398 (2021)[ 3]
Plymouth United Kingdom 10.178 (2023)[ 6] [ 53] 268,736 (2023)[ 6]
37,874
Plzeň Czech Republic 14.003 (2022)[ 2] 578,707 (2022)[ 3]
Pocatello, ID MSA United States 4.569769 (2023)[ 9] 90,400 (2023)[ 10]
Ponta Grossa Brazil 4.4 (2023)[ 25] 390,000 (2023)[ 25]
11,282
Port Said Egypt 4 (2024)[ 19] 790,000 (2024)[ 19]
5,063
Port St. Lucie, FL MSA United States 27.153067 (2023)[ 9] 536,901 (2023)[ 10]
Portland-South Portland, ME MSA United States 48.037136 (2023)[ 9] 566,329 (2023)[ 10]
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) United States 225.338 (2024)[ 227] 2,531,245 (2024)[ 33]
89,023
Porto Alegre Brazil 46.7 (2023)[ 25] 4,080,000 (2023)[ 25]
11,446
Porto metropolitan area Portugal 41.257 (2022)[ 2] 1,740,117 (2022)[ 3]
Porto Velho Brazil 4.8 (2023)[ 25] 580,000 (2023)[ 25]
8,276
Portsmouth-Southampton Metropolitan area United Kingdom 24.375 (2023) 
