List of Magnavox Odyssey 2 games

The Magnavox Odyssey 2 (stylized as Magnavox Odyssey²) is a home video game console released in North America in September 1978 by Magnavox, at the time a wholly owned subsidiary of Philips.[1] It was also released by Philips as the Philips Videopac G7000 in Europe, the Philips Odyssey in Brazil and Peru, and the Odyssey2 (オデッセイ2 odessei2) in Japan.[a] A late revision of the Videopac known as the Philips Videopac+ G7400[b] was released in limited quantities in 1983 with unique games. There were 80[c] games released for Odyssey², Videopac, and Videopac+ across all regions. Games were released in the form of ROM cartridges that were 2 KB and later 4 KB in size.[2] In Europe, most games were given a number along with their titles in a variety of different languages. In 1981, Philips dropped the Magnavox publishing label for its Odyssey² games, directly publishing them through North American Philips (N.A.P.) instead.[3] Only two companies, Imagic and Parker Brothers, released third-party software for the system.
Games were initially developed internally at Magnavox. After running out of ideas for new games, Intel employee Ed Averett, a member of the team behind the Intel 8048 and Intel 8244 graphics chip inside the Odyssey², opted to develop games for the system as a freelance developer. He developed at least 25 games for the Odyssey² including K.C. Munchkin and Quest for the Rings, two of the systems most notable releases.[2] He occasionally also enlisted help from his wife, Linda.[4] Packaging and marketing materials for the games were designed by Steve Lehner and Rob Bradford of Bradford/Cout Design, a Chicago based marketing firm which had previously worked on the Magnavox Odyssey.[5]
Two expansion modules were released for the system over its lifespan. In Europe, Philips released a computer chess expansion, the Videopac C7010 Chess Module, a separate unit with an additional CPU that plugs into the cartridge port.[6] In North America, Philips released a voice synthesis expansion module called "The Voice" in September 1982.[7] The module was optional for all the games that used it. This list contains only games officially released by Philips, Imagic, or Parker Brothers during the lifespan of the console.
Official games
[edit]| Title[8][9][10] | # | Developer | Publisher | NA[11] | PAL | Videopac+ | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 in 1 Row | 40 | Philips | Unreleased | 1982 | Unreleased | ||
| Air Battle | 58 | Philips | Unreleased | 1983 | 1983 | ||
| Alien Invaders - Plus! Space MonsterPAL |
22 | Ed Averett[12] Linda Averett |
PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
August 1980 | 1980 | 1983 | |
| Alpine Skiing! SkiingPAL |
25 | Ed Averett[13] | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
August 1979[14] | 1980 | Unreleased | [15][16] |
| Armored Encounter! / Subchase! Air-Sea War / BattlePAL |
4 | Magnavox | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
September 1978 | 1978 | Unreleased | [17][16] |
| Atlantis | Jeff Ronne[d] | Imagic | May 1983[18] | August 1983[19] | Unreleased | [20][21][22] | |
| Attack of the Timelord![e] TerrahawksPAL |
51 | Ed Averett[4] Linda Averett |
Philips | December 1982[23] | October 1983[24] | 1983[25] | |
| Backgammon | 48 | Philips | Unreleased | 1983 | Unreleased | ||
| Baseball! | 8 | Magnavox | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
September 1978 | 1978 | Unreleased | |
| Blobbers | 57 | Philips | Unreleased | 1983 | Unreleased | ||
| Blockout! / Breakdown! Dam BusterPAL |
29 | Ed Averett[13] | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
August 1980 | 1981 | Unreleased | [15][26][27][28][29][30] |
| Bowling! / Basketball! Tenpin Bowling / BasketballPAL |
6 | Sam Overton[31] | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
September 1978 | 1978 | Unreleased | [15][32][33][29] |
| C7010 Chess Module | Philips | Unreleased | April 1983[20] | Unreleased | [34][20][35] | ||
| Casino Slot Machine! Las Vegas GamblingPAL |
23 | Ed Averett[13] | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
August 1980 | 1980 | Unreleased | [29] |
| Catch The Ball / Noughts and Crosses | 19 | Philips | Unreleased | 1980 | Unreleased | ||
| Chez Maxime[f] | Jean Tarrad[36] | Thomson-Brandt | Unreleased | Unreleased | 1983[37] | ||
| Chinese Logic | 17 | Philips | Unreleased | 1980 | Unreleased | ||
| Clay Pigeon![g] | Göran Öhman[38] | Philips | Unreleased | 1984 | Unreleased | ||
| Comando Noturno![g] | Philips | Unreleased | 1985 | Unreleased | |||
| Computer Golf! GolfPAL |
10 | Sam Overton[12] | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
July 1979 | 1978 | Unreleased | [29] |
| Computer Intro! Computer ProgrammerPAL |
9 | Sam Overton[31] | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
August 1979[14] | 1978 | Unreleased | [29] |
| Conquest of the World | 41 | Ed Averett[39] Steve Lehner |
Philips | November 1981 | June 1982[40] | Unreleased | [40][41][42][15][29] |
| Cosmic Conflict! | 11 | Sam Overton[31] | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
October 1979 | 1978 | 1983 | |
| Demon Attack | Dave Johnson[d] | Imagic | March 1983[43] | August 1983[19] | Unreleased | ||
| Depth Charge / Marksman | 16 | Philips | Unreleased | 1979 | Unreleased | ||
| Des chiffres et des lettres[f] | Thomson-Brandt | Unreleased | Unreleased | 1983 | |||
| Dynasty! SamuraiPAL |
15 | Magnavox | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
August 1979[14] | 1979 | Unreleased | |
| Electronic Table Soccer! Electronic Table FootballPAL |
27 | Ed Averett[13] | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
August 1980 | 1980 | Unreleased | [15][26][27][33][29] |
| Exojet+[f] | Thomson-Brandt | Unreleased | Unreleased | 1983 | |||
| Football! American FootballPAL |
3 | Sam Overton[12] | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
September 1978 | 1978 | Unreleased | [44][33][15][29] |
| Freedom Fighters! | 39 | Ed Averett[h] | Philips | May 1982[45] | 1982 | 1983 | |
| Frogger | Parker Brothers | Unreleased | 1984 | 1984[46] | |||
| The Great Wall Street Fortune Hunt | 46 | Ed Averett[39] Steve Lehner |
Philips | April 1982[47] | 1983 | Unreleased | [15][48][41][27][29] |
| Hockey! / Soccer! Electronic Soccer / Electronic Ice HockeyPAL |
36 | Ed Averett[13] | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
August 1979[14] | 1981 | Unreleased | [49][33][15][29] |
| Invaders from Hyperspace! Laser WarPAL |
18 | Ed Averett[13] | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
August 1979[14] | 1980 | Unreleased | [50][41][15][16][29] |
| I've Got Your Number! Playschool MathsNA |
13 | Ed Averett[13] | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
August 1979[14] | 1979 | Unreleased | [29] |
| K.C. Munchkin![i] MunchkinPAL |
38 | Ed Averett[2] | Philips | November 1981 | 1982 | Unreleased | |
| K.C.'s Krazy Chase![e] Crazy ChasePAL |
44 | Ed Averett[31] | Philips | September 1982[7] | May 1983[51] | Unreleased | |
| Keyboard Creations! Newscaster |
A | Philips | November 1981 | 1981 | Unreleased | [41][29] | |
| Killer Bees![e] | 52 | Bob Harris[52] | Philips | April 1983[53] | 1983 | 1983[37] | |
| A Labyrinth Game / Supermind | 32 | Philips | Unreleased | 1981 | Unreleased | [54][55] | |
| Las Vegas Blackjack! BlackjackPAL |
5 | Sam Overton[31] | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
September 1978 | 1978 | Unreleased | [56][15][29] |
| Loony Balloon | 54 | Philips | Unreleased | 1983 | 1983[57] | ||
| Matchmaker! / Buzzword! / Logix! Pairs / Space Rendezvous / LogicPAL |
2 | Magnavox | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
September 1978 | 1978 | Unreleased | [56][29] |
| Math-A-Magic! / Echo! Mathematician / EchoPAL |
7 | Magnavox | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
September 1978 | 1978 | Unreleased | [29] |
| Monkeyshines! | 37 | Ed Averett[h] | Philips | November 1981 | July 1982[40] | Unreleased | |
| Morse | 45 | Philips | Unreleased | September 1983[24] | Unreleased | ||
| Moto-Crash+[f] | Thomson-Brandt | Unreleased | Unreleased | 1983 | |||
| The Mousing Cat | 47 | Philips | Unreleased | 1984 | 1984[58] | ||
| Musician[j] | 31 | Jon Shuttleworth Peter van Twist[60] |
Philips | Unreleased | 1981 | Unreleased | |
| Neutron Star | 55 | Philips | Unreleased | 1983 | 1983 | ||
| Nightmare | 53 | Philips | Unreleased | 1983 | 1983[37] | [57] | |
| Nimble Numbers Ned![e] | Bob Harris[52] | Philips | September 1982[7] | Unreleased | Unreleased | ||
| Norseman | 56 | Jake Dowding Andy Eltis[31] |
Philips | Unreleased | Unreleased | 1983 | |
| Out of this World![k] / Helicopter Rescue! Helicopter RescuePAL |
59 | Magnavox | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
August 1979[14] | Unreleased | 1983 | [61][15][16] |
| Jumping Acrobats P.T. Barnum's Acrobats!NA[e] |
33 | Jim Butler[l] | Philips | October 1982[62] | 1981 | Unreleased | |
| Pachinko! Basket GamePAL |
26 | Ed Averett[13] | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
August 1980 | 1980 | Unreleased | [33][15] |
| Pick Axe Pete! Pickaxe PetePAL |
43 | Ed Averett[d] | Philips | July 1982[63] | April 1983[20] | 1983 | |
| Pocket Billiards! Electronic BilliardsPAL |
35 | Ed Averett[13] | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
August 1980 | 1981 | Unreleased | [49][64][15][16][29] |
| Popeye | Parker Brothers | Unreleased | 1984 | Unreleased | |||
| Power Lords[m] | Odyssey[65] | Philips | October 1983[66] | 1983[g] | Unreleased | [29] | |
| Q*bert | Parker Brothers | Unreleased | 1984 | 1984[46] | [67] | ||
| Quest for the Rings | 42 | Ed Averett[39] Steve Lehner |
PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
July 1981 | April 1982[68] | Unreleased | [15][29] |
| Secret of the Pharaohs | 21 | Philips | Unreleased | 1980 | Unreleased | ||
| Showdown in 2100 A.D. GunfighterPAL |
14 | Ed Averett[13] | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
August 1979 | 1979 | Unreleased | |
| Sid the Spellbinder![e] | Sam Overton[52] | Philips | November 1982[23] | Unreleased | Unreleased | [69][70] | |
| Speedway! / Spin-out! / Cryptologic! Race / Spin-Out / CryptogramPAL |
1 | Magnavox | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
September 1978 | 1978 | 1983[71] | [15][72] |
| Stone Sling Smithereens![e]NA |
20 | Robert Cheezem[l] | Philips | November 1982[23] | 1980 | 1983[37] | |
| Super Bee | 50 | Philips | Unreleased | 1983 | Unreleased | ||
| Super Cobra | Parker Brothers | Unreleased | 1984 | Unreleased | |||
| Syracuse[f] | Thomson-Brandt | Unreleased | Unreleased | 1983[37] | |||
| Take the Money and Run! | 12 | Ed Averett[12] Linda Averett |
PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
August 1979[14] | 1979 | Unreleased | [15][73][16] |
| Thunderball! Flipper GamePAL |
24 | Magnavox | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
August 1979[14] | 1980 | Unreleased | [44][15][16] |
| Trans American Rally | 60 | Göran Öhman[38] | Philips | Unreleased | Unreleased | 1984[74] | |
| Le Trésor Englouti+[f] | Thomson-Brandt | Unreleased | Unreleased | 1983 | |||
| Turtles![e] | 49 | Jim Butler[75] | Philips | April 1983[53] | 1983 | 1983[76] | [77][78] |
| Type & Tell![e] | Robert Cheezem[79] | Philips | September 1982[7] | Unreleased | Unreleased | ||
| UFO! Satellite AttackPAL |
34 | Ed Averett[12] Linda Averett |
PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
May 1981 | 1981 | 1983[37] | |
| Volleyball! Electronic VolleyballPAL |
28 | Ed Averett[13] | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
August 1980 | 1981 | Unreleased | |
| War of Nerves! BattlefieldPAL |
30 | Ed Averett[13] | PhilipsWW MagnavoxNA |
August 1979[14] | 1981 | Unreleased | [15][54][44][29] |
See also
[edit]External links
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ↑ Other names include the Philips Videopac C52, Radiola Jet 25, Schneider 7000, and Siera G7000.
- ↑ Also known as the Thomson-Brandt J0 7400 or Jopac.
- ↑ This number is always up to date by this script.
- 1 2 3 As printed in the game's manual.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Compatible with "The Voice" expansion module.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Only released in France for the Thomson-Brandt Jopac.
- 1 2 3 Only released in Brazil.
- 1 2 As printed on the game's cartridge.
- ↑ Pulled from the market following a lawsuit from Atari.[47]
- ↑ Released with a musical keyboard overlay.[59]
- ↑ Released as Space Rendezvous in Europe packaged with Pairs and Logic as Videopac #2.
- 1 2 Adapted the game for North America.[65]
- ↑ Initially developed for the ColecoVision.[65]
References
[edit]- ↑ "Magnavox Wholly Owned by North American Philips". The New York Times. 25 July 1975. Retrieved 2023-06-19.
- 1 2 3 Hague, James (March 1997). "Ed Averett". Halcyon Days: Interviews with Classic Computer and Video Game Programmers. Archived from the original on February 14, 2026. Retrieved March 16, 2026.
- ↑ "Odyssey Outlook". Electronic Games. Vol. 1, no. 1. Reese Publishing Company, Inc. Winter 1981. p. 16.
- 1 2 "Attack of the Timelord". Electronic Games. Vol. 2, no. 1. Reese Publishing Company, Inc. April 1983. p. 40.
- ↑ McCann, Herbert G. (November 19, 1981). "Electronic game wizards: two combine creative talents to produce electronic games". Highland Park News. Highland Park, Illinois. p. 112B.
- ↑ "Videopac G7100 Chess Module". Centre for Computing History. Cambridge, UK. Archived from the original on November 23, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
- 1 2 3 4 "The Voice". The Video Game Update. Vol. 1, no. 6. September 1982. p. 1.
- ↑ "Video Game Explosion!". Electronic Fun with Computers & Games. Vol. 1, no. 2. Fun & Games Publishing. December 1982. p. 15.
- ↑ "Philips G7000 Videopac". Centre for Computing History. Cambridge, UK. Archived from the original on January 23, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
- ↑ "Aux Commandes Du G7200". Tilt (in French). No. 3. Editions Mondiales S.A. January–February 1983. p. 40.
- ↑ Bunch, Kevin. "Magnavox Odyssey2 Game Release Dates". Atari Archive. Retrieved January 9, 2026.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Gaydos, Jeff, ed. (Winter 1982). "Behind the Workings of the Mind". Odyssey² Adventure. Vol. 1, no. 1. Ceco Publishing Company. p. 4.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Associated Records: Averett, Edward B. 3d 1948-". U.S. Copyright Office Public Records System. Retrieved May 26, 2026.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Play 'Invaders from Hyperspace' on TV". Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, OH. September 13, 1979.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 "Odyssey²". Electronic Games 1983 Software Encyclopedia. Reese Publishing Company, Inc. January 25, 1983. p. 43.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kupperberg, Paul (February 1981). "A Guide to Home Video Games". Video Action. Vol. 1, no. 3. Video Action, Inc. p. 35.
- ↑ "See-und Luftkrieg: Ein Kampf in zwei Elementen". TeleMatch (in German). No. 1. TeleMatch Verlag. December 1982. p. 48.
- ↑ "Availability Update". The Video Game Update. Vol. 2, no. 3. June 1983. p. 16.
- 1 2 "Video Gaming". Computer & Video Games. No. 22. UK: EMAP National Publications, Ltd. August 1983. p. 20.
- 1 2 3 4 "Video Screen". Computer & Video Games. No. 18. UK: EMAP National Publications, Ltd. April 1983. p. 20.
- ↑ "Future Waves: Imagic Games". JoyStik: How to Win at Video Games. Vol. 1, no. 6. Publications International, Ltd. July 1983. p. 7.
- ↑ Bechtold, Alan R.; Wilson, Mike (August 1983). "binaryvisions". The Logical Gamer. Vol. 2, no. 1. Logical Gamer Publications. p. 20.
- 1 2 3 "Availability Update". The Video Game Update. Vol. 1, no. 9. December 1982. p. 8.
- 1 2 "Video Gaming". Computer & Video Games. No. 24. UK: EMAP National Publications, Ltd. October 1983. p. 36.
- ↑ "30 Cartouches Couronnees Par Tilt". Tilt (in French). No. 8. Editions Mondiales S.A. November–December 1983. p. 48.
- 1 2 Kunkel, Bill; Katz, Arnie (May 1981). "Arcade Alley: I Want to be Alone - Solo Video Games". Video. Vol. 5, no. 2. Reese Publishing Company, Inc. p. 24. ISSN 0147-8907.
- 1 2 3 "Private Screenings". Games. Vol. 6, no. 8. Playboy Enterprises, Inc. December 1982. p. 37.
- ↑ Kunkel, Bill; Katz, Arnie (November 21, 1981). "The Videogames: How They Rate". New York Times. New York, NY. p. 12.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Weiss, Brett (2011-12-20). Classic Home Video Games, 1972-1984: A Complete Reference Guide. McFarland. p. 257. ISBN 978-0-7864-8755-4.
- ↑ Meade, E.C.; Clark, Jim (November 1983). "Acrobats". Videogaming & Computergaming Illustrated. No. 11. Ion International. p. 73.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Crookes, David (2016). "Philips Videopac G7000". Videogames Hardware Handbook. Imagine Publishing Ltd. p. 106. ISBN 978 1785462399.
- ↑ Sullivan, George (March 1983). "Blip Tips I". Blip. No. 2. Marvel Comics. p. 14.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Dossier: Lache-Moi Les Baskets". Tilt (in French). No. 13. Editions Mondiales S.A. June 1984. p. 59.
- ↑ "Videopac G7010 Chess Module". Centre for Computing History. Cambridge, UK. Archived from the original on November 23, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
- ↑ "Philips: L'echec Est Un Succes". Tilt (in French). No. 5. Editions Mondiales S.A. January–February 1983. p. 80.
- ↑ "Actuel: Las Puce Aux Œufs D'or". Tilt (in French). No. 14. Editions Mondiales S.A. July–August 1984. p. 22.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "300 Cartouches". Tilt (in French). No. 8. Editions Mondiales S.A. November–December 1983. p. 110.
- 1 2 Cassidy, William. "Göran Öhman: The Last Videopac Programmer?". The Odyssey² Homepage!. Archived from the original on September 6, 2025. Retrieved May 16, 2026.
- 1 2 3 "Inside Gaming". Electronic Games. Vol. 1, no. 2. Reese Publishing Company, Inc. March 1982. p. 8.
- 1 2 3 "Video Screen". Computer & Video Games. No. 8. UK: EMAP National Publications, Ltd. June 1982. p. 22.
- 1 2 3 4 "New Games '83: Games for Odyssey2". JoyStik: How to Win at Video Games. Vol. 1, no. 4. Publications International, Ltd. January 1983. p. 61.
- ↑ "Tubes". Tilt (in French). No. 6. Editions Mondiales S.A. July–August 1983. p. 40.
- ↑ "Availability Update". The Video Game Update. Vol. 2, no. 1. April 1983. p. 16.
- 1 2 3 Kunkel, Bill; Katz, Arnie (May 1980). "Arcade Alley: Strategy and Guile - The Magnavox Arsenal". Video. Vol. 4, no. 2. Reese Publishing Company, Inc. p. 18. ISSN 0147-8907.
- ↑ Bechtold, Alan R.; Wilson, Mike (September 1982). "binaryvisions". The Logical Gamer. Vol. 1, no. 2. Logical Gamer Publications. p. 13.
- 1 2 "Tubes". Tilt (in French). No. 10. Editions Mondiales S.A. March 1984. p. 30.
- 1 2 "Odyssey2". The Video Game Update. Vol. 1, no. 3. April 1982. p. 2.
- ↑ Kunkel, Bill; Katz, Arnie (February 1983). "Arcade Alley: The Fourth Annual Arcade Awards". Video. Vol. 6, no. 11. Reese Publishing Company, Inc. p. 30. ISSN 0147-8907.
- 1 2 "Video Screen". Computer & Video Games. No. 4. UK: EMAP National Publications, Ltd. February 1982. p. 18.
- ↑ Kunkel, Bill; Katz, Arnie (October 1980). "Arcade Alley: War in Space - Three New Games Fight It Out". Video. Vol. 4, no. 7. Reese Publishing Company, Inc. p. 18. ISSN 0147-8907.
- ↑ "Trop Tard!". Tilt (in French). No. 5. Editions Mondiales S.A. May–June 1983. p. 6.
- 1 2 3 Green, Earl (September 2000). "Bob "Rosha" Harris: Behind the Odyssey". Classic Gamer Magazine: Volume 1, Issue 5. p. 38.
- 1 2 "Availability Update". The Video Game Update. Vol. 2, no. 2. May 1983. p. 16.
- 1 2 "Video Screen". Computer & Video Games. No. 5. UK: EMAP National Publications, Ltd. March 1982. p. 74.
- ↑ "Tubes". Tilt (in French). No. 2. Editions Mondiales S.A. November–December 1982. p. 20.
- 1 2 Lubar, David (December 1981). "Odyssey Hits No Homers". Creative Computing. Vol. 7, no. 4. p. 54.
- 1 2 "Tubes". Tilt (in French). No. 7. Editions Mondiales S.A. September–October 1983. p. 41.
- ↑ "Tubes". Tilt (in French). No. 11. Editions Mondiales S.A. April 1984. p. 34.
- ↑ "Video Screen". Computer & Video Games. No. 2. UK: EMAP National Publications, Ltd. December 1981. p. 25.
- ↑ Cassidy, William (March 12, 2001). "Interview: Jon Shuttleworth". Classic Gaming. Archived from the original on July 2, 2001.
- ↑ Kunkel, Bill; Katz, Arnie (October 1981). "Arcade Alley: Three New Games - A Space Odyssey". Video. Vol. 5, no. 7. Reese Publishing Company, Inc. p. 24. ISSN 0147-8907.
- ↑ "Availability Update". The Video Game Update. Vol. 1, no. 7. October 1982. p. 6.
- ↑ "Odyssey2". The Video Game Update. Vol. 1, no. 5. August 1982. p. 4.
- ↑ "Billiard Americain". Tilt (in French). No. 1. Editions Mondiales S.A. September–October 1982. p. 11.
- 1 2 3 "Bob Harris: The Fantastic, Fantastic World of Bob". Experiencia Odyssey. Archived from the original on May 31, 2026. Retrieved May 31, 2026.
- ↑ "Availability Update". The Video Game Update includes Computer Entertainer. Vol. 2, no. 6. September 1983. p. 16.
- ↑ "Video Gaming". Computer & Video Games. No. 30. UK: EMAP National Publications, Ltd. April 1984. p. 42.
- ↑ "Video Screen". Computer & Video Games. No. 6. UK: EMAP National Publications, Ltd. March 1983. p. 18.
- ↑ Bechtold, Alan R.; Wilson, Mike (May 1983). "binaryvisions". The Logical Gamer. Vol. 1, no. 10. Logical Gamer Publications. p. 18.
- ↑ "Critically Speaking..." The Video Game Update. Vol. 1, no. 11. February 1983. p. 9.
- ↑ "Mettez un Joystick Dans Votre Bolide...". Tilt (in French). No. 9. Editions Mondiales S.A. January–February 1984. p. 60.
- ↑ Kubey, Craig (1982). The Winners' Book of Video Games. New York, NY: Warner Books. p. 210. ISBN 0-446-37115-7.
- ↑ Kunkel, Bill; Katz, Arnie (June 1981). "Arcade Alley: Lure of the Labyrinth - Exploring Maze Games". Video. Vol. 5, no. 3. Reese Publishing Company, Inc. p. 18. ISSN 0147-8907.
- ↑ "Tubes". Tilt (in French). No. 18. Editions Mondiales S.A. January–February 1985. p. 28.
- ↑ Lang, Brad, ed. (Winter 1983). "What's New At 'Odyssey West'?". Odyssey² Adventure. Vol. 2, no. 1. J.I. Scott Company. p. 6.
- ↑ "Tubes". Tilt (in French). No. 12. Editions Mondiales S.A. May 1984. p. 31.
- ↑ Bechtold, Alan R.; Wilson, Mike (July 1983). "binaryvisions". The Logical Gamer. Vol. 1, no. 12. Logical Gamer Publications. p. 25.
- ↑ "Critically Speaking..." The Video Game Update. Vol. 2, no. 2. May 1983. p. 8.
- ↑ Giarusso, Dave (August 2000). "DP Interviews...Robert Cheezem". Digit Press. Archived from the original on November 4, 2025. Retrieved May 16, 2026.