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Kharagpur

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Kharagpur
City
Inside Vidyasagar Industrial Park at Kharagpur
Railway overbridge, Keshiary Road
Tata Hitachi, Kharagpur
Kharagpur Junction railway station, fourth longest platform in the world, divisional headquarters of South-eastern zone of Indian Railways
Kharagpur is located in West Bengal
Kharagpur
Kharagpur
Location in West Bengal
Kharagpur is located in India
Kharagpur
Kharagpur
Location in India
Coordinates: 22°19′49″N 87°19′25″E / 22.330239°N 87.323653°E / 22.330239; 87.323653
CountryIndia
StateWest Bengal
DivisionMedinipur
SubdivisionKharagpur
DistrictPaschim Medinipur
Named afterKharga Malla
Government
 • TypeMunicipality
 • Body
  • Kharagpur Municipality
  • Midnapore Kharagpur Development Authority
 • MLADilip Ghosh[1] (BJP)
 • ChairmanKalyani Ghosh[2] (TMC)
 • MPJune Malia[3] (TMC)
 • District MagistrateKhursheed Ali Qadri, IAS
Area
 • Total
127 km2 (49 sq mi)
Elevation
61 m (200 ft)
Population
 (2011)[4]
 • Total
299,683[5]
 • Rank5th in West Bengal
221st in India
 • Density2,360/km2 (6,110/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialBengali, English
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
721301 - 721305
Telephone code03222
ISO 3166 codeIN-WB
Vehicle registrationWB-36-xxxx
Lok Sabha constituencyMedinipur
Vidhan Sabha constituencyKharagpur Sadar
Websitekharagpurmunicipality.org

Kharagpur (Bengali: [kʰɔɽɔɡɔpuɾ] ⓘ) is a semi-planned urban agglomeration and a major industrial city in the Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of the Kharagpur subdivision and the largest city of the district.[6] It is located 120 km west of Kolkata. Kharagpur holds the oldest and largest Indian Institute of Technology namely IIT Kharagpur. It has the fourth longest railway platform in the world, with a length of 1,072 m (0.666 miles), after Hubbali, Gorakhpur and Kollam junctions.[7] The Kharagpur Junction railway station is the headquarters of the Kharagpur Division of the South Eastern Railways.

History

[edit]

Kharagpur (transliterated from Khargapur) received its name from the twelfth king of the Mallabhum dynasty, Kharga Malla, when he conquered it in 832 AD (Bengali: 147 BS).[8][9] It was a part of the Hijli Kingdom, and ruled by Hindu Odia rulers of the Mallabhum dynasty.[10]

According to some historians, in the 16th century, Kharagpur was a small village which was surrounded by dense forests. The village was located on barren lands like a rocky plateau. According to Ain-i-Akbari, it also had a strong fort in the middle of its woody hills.[10]

Hijli (part of the Hijli Kingdom) developed into a port town in 1687.[10] On 9 February 1687, Job Charnock with English soldiers and warships captured Hijli, on the east coast of the Medinipur district and thereby defeating the Mughals ruling there.[11] In mid-May 1687, Abdus Samad, lieutenant serving under Shaista Khan, arrived to re-capture Hijli from the English forces, with 12,000 men. The Mughal forces' heavy batteries then located in the mainland west to Hijli, fired across the English positions, which drove the latter's ships from their anchorage. On 28 May an army of 700 cavalry and 200 gunners captured back Hijli from the English, and set it ablaze. Adding to their misfortunes, Malaria had spread to the English forces which claimed the lives of over 200 soldiers while only 100 men survived the disease. Also, only five out of 40 officers survived. Following these events, a peace treaty was signed between the English and Samad. Subsequently, the English left Hijli on 11 June 1687, and later on 9 November 1688, they also left Calcutta and evacuated all their businesses and troops stationed in Bengal. The British came back to Bengal in 1690, and established the city of Calcutta, after an invitation by the new Viceroy of Bengal, Ibrahim Khan.[11] Much later post-Battle of Plassey, the East India Company took control of the Bengal Presidency, including Kharagpur, as its puppet state.[12]: 476,477 

Hijli port was destroyed by the Calcutta cyclone in October 1864. The area was then rebuilt in the months following the natural calamity.[13]

Hijli as a province existed until 1886, which covered the parts of both Bengal and Orissa. The province had important towns like Tamluk, Panskura, and Debra. Hijli was ruled by Taj Khan. It was also ruled by the Kushan, Gupta, and Pal dynasties, and by the Mughals. Further, it is claimed that Hijli had an excellent business and trade centers, along with judiciary, prison, and administrative offices.[10]

The entire Kharagpur division of today has identical boundaries to the 17th century Hijli province.[10]

Hijli detention camp

[edit]

In 1930, the Hijli Detention Camp was opened by the British authorities to house "security prisoners" or unarmed political prisoners which included revolutionaries from organisations such as Anushilan Samiti and Jugantar. The now infamous "Hijli firing" took place on 16 September 1931, in which two prisoners, Santosh Kumar Mitra and Tarakeswar Sengupta were shot dead inside the camp. The incident had also injured multiple others. It led to widespread protests in Bengal including a condemnation by Bose and Tagore. Bose in-person went to collect the two prisoners' dead bodies while there was an ongoing protest against the incident in Calcutta. The camp was later closed in 1937, and reopened in 1940 at the height of the Quit India Movement and other anti-colonial movements to detain political activists and freedom fighters. It closed in 1942 when the British needed to reorganize their administration for war efforts in World War II. After India's independence, the jail was converted to Hijli Shaheed Bhavan (later Nehru Museum of Science and Technology) post-establishment of IIT Kharagpur in 1951.[14]

Role in World War II

[edit]
A black and white map centered on southern Bengal. It displays important cities, rail lines, highways and pipelines; 14 airfields and command bases are also shown
Kharagpur area airfields

In Japanese front of the World War II in 1944, the US Army Air Forces (USAAF) required airbases to send B-29 to mainland Japan for its aerial bombardment. Bases were set up to be used across locations in China, India and Ceylon (Sri Lanka), in an operation known as Operation Matterhorn. On the Indian airfields, Kharagpur played an important role by becoming the key airfield to serve as the center of operations. It was chosen as the airfield headquarters by Wolfe, who headed the XX Bomber Command.[15]: 14 

Initially on December 1943, the plan was to expand the airfield runways chosen in India to make it operational for B-29 bombers. The plan was accepted after the proposal was put up to Mountbatten, then the Supreme Allied Commander of South East Asia, by General Harrison and Colonel Wilson. The SOS engineers requested the field airmen for the runways to be 7,500 ft (2.3 kilometres) long and 150 ft (46 metres) wide. In January 1944, Pick released the 382nd Construction Battalion to speed up work on the Kharagpur airfield until the aviation engineers arrived. The work on the airfield, now Kalaikunda Air Force Station, was completed by June 1944. Apart from the 7,500 ft (2.3 kilometres) long runway, it had 50 hardstands, hangars from the European theatre, operational buildings and housing made. The first B-29s were leaving from the Kharagpur airfield to bomb Bangkok's railway shops in May 1944. In total, the construction forces used in building the five airfields,[a] which included Kharagpur, numbered at some 6,000 U.S. troops, and 27,000 Indian civilians who worked on a contractual basis for Central Public Works Department (CPWD).[16]: 439,440,456  [15]: 60-65 

Geography

[edit]

Location

[edit]
Map
About OpenStreetMaps
Maps: terms of use
2km
1.2miles
O
Kangsabati River
N
Vidyasagar
Industrial
Park
M
Tata Hitachi
Constr Machinery
L
Siemens
K
Tata
Bearings
J
Tata
Metaliks
I
Railway
Workshop
F
Kharagpur
railway station
F Kharagpur Junction railway station (F)
F Kharagpur Junction railway station (F)
R
Kalaikunda
R Kalaikunda (R)
R Kalaikunda (R)
R
Satkul
R Satkul (R)
R Satkul (R)
R
Kharagpur
Railway
Settlement
R Kharagpur Railway Settlement (R)
R Kharagpur Railway Settlement (R)
C
Dr B C Roy Institute
C Dr B C Roy Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (C)
C Dr B C Roy Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (C)
C
IIT, Kharagpur
C Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (C)
C Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (C)
H
Hijli Detention Camp
H Hijli Detention Camp (H)
H Hijli Detention Camp (H)
H
Hijli
H Hijli (H)
H Hijli (H)
Kharagpur
R: rural / urban center, F: facility, C: university, college, H: historical site
Factories / industrial centers are marked in slightly smaller letters and are not linked.
Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

Kharagpur is located at 22°19′49″N 87°19′25″E / 22.330239°N 87.323653°E / 22.330239; 87.323653.

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the city. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

Urban structure

[edit]

Kharagpur is the fourth largest city of West Bengal in area after Kolkata, Durgapur and Asansol. It is also the fifth most populated city of West Bengal after Kolkata, Asansol, Siliguri, and Durgapur. The proper Kharagpur city covers an area of about 127 square kilometres (49 sq mi)[17] in the southern part of West Midnapore, meanwhile the Kharagpur subdivision covers an area of 2,913.17 square kilometres (1,124.78 sq mi).[18][19] For the Kharagpur municipality, the total area is 110.96 square kilometres (42.84 sq mi).[10] The city also has an elevation of 52 metres (171 ft) above the sea level.[20] It is a part of the Kharagpur subdivision, which comes under Medinipur division, and the Dalma Hills also stretches across its lands. Three significant rivers flow through the city which are Subernarekha, Keleghai and Kangsabati river.[19][21]

Kharagpur has a railway colony that was established as a primary residence of British Raj officers as well as the people of Anglo-Indian heritage. Hijli station is the boundary of this railway colony which also borders the village houses in Jhapatapur and Jholi. IIT Kharagpur, one of the Institutes of National Importance in India, was also established adjacent to the colony.[22] Nimpura contains colonies that houses over thousands of railway employees. There is a long and winding road from Nimpura to Hijli which goes through Tengra Haat (Arambati), Talbagicha and another from Kalaikunda to Gopali through Hiradihi, Talbagicha.[23] Hijli Co-operative society is a planned residential area in Kharagpur. Also nearby located is the Kharagpur Municipality and the fire station.[24] Kharagpur Railway Colony is the biggest railway settlement in India, which has about 11,000 railway quarters. There are several railway residential areas which include but not limited to Chhota Ayma, Bara Ayma, Old Settlement, New Settlement, Mathurakati, Nimpura, South Side, and Traffic.[25] The BNR (Bengal Nagpur Railway) ground, owned by the Indian Railways, is a very large under-developed playground which holds a great potential to be developed and properly maintained.[26]

Outside the railway settlement, popular areas are Bhawanipur, Subhaspally, Kharida, Malancha, Inda, Jhapatapur, Talbagicha, and Prem Bazar amongst others.[24] Gole Bazar is a significant marketplace within Kharagpur, which not only is reliable but also is a highly congested shopping destination for locals. Other marketplaces like Talbagicha Bazar, Gate Bazar, Inda Bazar, Puratan Bazar, the Janata Market, the DVC market, and the Tech Market are also important in Kharagpur.[27]

Growth is witnessed around Chowringhee and Inda, where new constructions and projects are taking shape. Big Bazaar, operated by the Future Group, was the first mall to open in Kharagpur. It remained the only mall in the town for nearly a decade until it closed in 2022.[28] Post 2017, a number of new malls and shopping centers have opened, including a Spencer's,[29] Trends,[30] and More's.[31] The Railway Garden (also known as BNR garden) on the south side of railway station is a park, which is frequently visited by people of all ages, and is also a popular picnic spot. The park also offers toy-train rides to all.[26]

Languages

[edit]
Languages spoken in Kharagpur Urban agglomeration (2011)[32]
  1. Bengali (45.5%)
  2. Hindi (21.6%)
  3. Telugu (14.8%)
  4. Odia (7.20%)
  5. Urdu (3.70%)
  6. Other (7.20%)

Bengali is the most commonly spoken language of the region. Other common languages are Hindi, Urdu, Odia, Telugu and Punjabi.[33]

Climate

[edit]
Kharagpur
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
19
 
 
27
14
 
 
41
 
 
30
18
 
 
38
 
 
33
22
 
 
46
 
 
35
24
 
 
148
 
 
36
26
 
 
277
 
 
34
26
 
 
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32
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162
 
 
32
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31
 
 
30
19
 
 
11
 
 
27
15
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: myweather2
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
0.7
 
 
81
57
 
 
1.6
 
 
86
64
 
 
1.5
 
 
91
72
 
 
1.8
 
 
95
75
 
 
5.8
 
 
97
79
 
 
11
 
 
93
79
 
 
11
 
 
90
79
 
 
12
 
 
90
79
 
 
11
 
 
90
77
 
 
6.4
 
 
90
73
 
 
1.2
 
 
86
66
 
 
0.4
 
 
81
59
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Kharagpur has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). Summers start in March and are hot and humid, with average temperatures close to 30 °C (86 degrees Fahrenheit). They are followed by the monsoon season that sees about 1,140 mm (45 inches) of rain. Winters are brief but chilly, lasting from December to mid-February, with average temperatures around 22 °C (72 degrees Fahrenheit). Total annual rainfall recorded is around 1,400 mm (55 inches).[34]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1911 18,957—    
1921 25,280+33.4%
1931 58,134+130.0%
1941 87,135+49.9%
1951 129,636+48.8%
1961 147,253+13.6%
1971 161,257+9.5%
1981 232,575+44.2%
1991 —    
2001 —    
2011 299,683—    
Source: Census of India[35]

As of 2001 India census, Kharagpur had a population of 207,984 (municipality area) and 88,339 (railway settlement area), the fourth largest in West Bengal. Males constituted 52% of the population and females 48%. Kharagpur had an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 75%, and female literacy was 52%. In Kharagpur, 10% of the population were under 6 years of age. Kharagpur acquires its unique place in India as a town of mixed ethnicity and linguistic diversity.[36]

As of 2011 India census, Kharagpur Urban Agglomeration had a population of 293,719[5] out of which 150,487 were males and 143,232 were females. The 0–6 years population was 25,130. Effective literacy rate for the 7+ population was 85.61%.[37] This marks higher than the national average literacy rate of 74%.[38]

Kharagpur (Town) police station has jurisdiction over Kharagpur municipality. Kharagpur (Local) police station has jurisdiction over Kharagpur I and Kharagpur II CD Blocks.[39]

The state government is also working on setting up a separate police commissionerate at Kharagpur to enhance the security in this growing region.[40]

Religion in Kharagpur
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 82.73%
Islam
 
 11.33%
Christianity
 
 1.88%
Other or not stated
 
 4.04%

Civic administration and utility services

[edit]

Kharagpur Municipality looks after civic affairs in the city. There is a proposal to upgrade it to a Municipal corporation after including the railway area under its jurisdiction.[24] As of now, the responsibility of civic amenities in railway area lies with the Divisional Railway Manager (DRM), Kharagpur Division, who is also the head of railway establishment in Kharagpur.[41]

State-owned Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), as well as private enterprises, among them Bharti Airtel, Jio and Vodafone Idea are the leading telephone, cell phone and internet service providers (ISP) in the city.[42][43]

Economy

[edit]

Industries

[edit]
Vidyasagar Industrial Park
Inside Vidyasagar Industrial Park at Kharagpur
Tata Hitachi Kharagpur
Entrance of Tata Hitachi facility at Vidyasagar Industrial Park, Kharagpur

Kharagpur has one of the largest industrial setups in West Bengal. Several large industrial plants are located in and around Kharagpur because of a number of reasons namely its proximity to Kolkata, good rail and road connectivity via NH 6 and NH 60, availability of labour, and raw materials.[44] Important establishments like Tata Metaliks, Tata Bearings, Shyam Metalics, Siemens, Godrej, Tata Hitachi, Humboldt Wedag, Ramco Cements, Grasim Industries, Indian Oil, Keventer Agro, Mahindra & Mahindra, and Reshmi Cement have set up their plants in and around Kharagpur.[45][46][47][48][49][50] Many small iron rolling mills and rice mills dot the city.[51][52] The Vidyasagar Industrial Park is also located here.[53] Establishment of an IT park is also in progress.[54]

Kharagpur will be the part of two new economic corridors–EC-1 Mumbai-Kolkata and EC-14 Kharagpur-Siliguri–under Bharatmala project.[55][56] Recently, the government has revealed plans to establish a civilian airport.[57]

Transport

[edit]

Railways

[edit]
Kharagpur Railway Workshop

South Eastern Railways (or Bengal Nagpur Railways) was formed in 1887, and it opened its Sini–Kharagpur–Kolaghat line, and the Kharagpur–Cuttack line in 1897–98. It is the most vital section of the Bengal Nagpur Railway.[58] Kharagpur as a railway junction was established in December 1898 but the Kharagpur–Kolaghat line was built in April 1900 after the bridge over Rupnarayan River was completed.[10]

The public reaction to the introduction of railways in Kharagpur was recorded in Prothom Prohor, a novel by Ramapada Chowdhury, who was born and brought up there.[10] In 1 February 1901, the Kharagpur-Midnapore line was opened for service.[58]

In 1984, a Broad-gauge line for Tamluk–Digha was approved by the 7th Lok Sabha's Railway Convention Committee, and a budget was accorded for it.[59] This line which took 20 years to complete was set in two phases. The first phase was to link Tamluk–Contai which was operational from 20 November 2003, and the second phase for Contai–Digha was completed in 30 December 2004.[60]

The maintenance workshop for South Eastern Railway (or Bengal Nagpur Railway) was built at Kharagpur in 1898. Expanding its capabilities over time such as the type of rolling stock manufactured and periodic overhaul (POH) done, it is one of the largest maintenance workshops in the Indian Railways.[61]

Former captain of the India national cricket team, Mahendra Singh Dhoni, also worked as a ticket collector at the Kharagpur Railway station from 2000 to 2003, before commencing his cricket career playing for India.[62]

Kharagpur railway junction also has Asia's largest railway Solid State Interlocking (SSI) system.[63]

The Indian Railways plan to have an East Coast Dedicated Freight Corridor or East Coast DFC), stretching from Kharagpur, West Bengal to Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh.[64][65][66]

On a 24 December 2025 press release by the South Eastern Railways, it was announced that a new railway bridge will be constructed over Rupnarayan River which will replace the old bridge that was servicing the Kharagpur–Kolaghat line. The bridge will cost over ₹4,810,000,000 to build, and it's expected to serve the line for at least the next 100 years. This project work also involved the development of Kolaghat railway station to elevate its platform on a diverted alignment.[67]

Healthcare

[edit]
European Block of Railway Hospital Kharagpur
Dr B C Roy Institute of Medical Sciences & Research

After the establishment of the Kharagpur Railway Hospital (formerly BNR Railway Hospital), Arthur Martin-Leake, after passing the F.R.C.S. examination in 1903, was appointed as its Chief Medical Officer (CMO). Martin-Leake remained the hospital's CMO for a period of thirty years, with a few stints of leave to be on active service for the British Army.[68][69] In its current state, the city still needs good private hospitals and advanced healthcare facilities as the citizens have to depend on Kolkata for treatment, which is at a distance of 132 kilometres (82 mi) from Kharagpur.

Today, the Railway Main Hospital,[70] and Kharagpur Sub-divisional Hospital (Chandmari Hospital)[71] are the main public sector hospitals in Kharagpur. Recently, as the city lies on an important junction of state and national highways, a trauma care centre of level-3 category is being set up in the Kharagpur Sub-divisional Hospital.[72] A number of private clinics and nursing homes also operate here.[73]

Dr B C Roy Institute of Medical Sciences & Research is a medical college, and a hospital within IIT Kharagpur.[74][75]

Culture

[edit]
Jagannath temple, Kharagpur

Places of worship include a Durga Temple and Jama Masjid at Gole Bazar and at Kharida, Sitala Temple at Puratan Bazar, Kanak Durga Temple near Nimpura, Jagannath Temple near Gate Bazar, a Gurdwara at Subhaspally and at Nimpura, Jalaram Temple at Jhapatapur and several other religious structures.[76]

Kharagpur has a Book Fair (Kharagpur Boimela in Bengali)[77] which started in 2000, and is held every January. A Flower Fair (Pushpa Mela in Bengali) is also organized every year.

The city also hosts a multiplex named Bombay Cineplex.[78]

Education

[edit]

The first Indian Institute of Technology of India namely IIT Kharagpur (IIT KGP), one of the Institutes of National Importance, was founded in Kharagpur in May 1950 and formally established in 1951.[79]

Other colleges are:

The schools which serve students from pre-primary to higher secondary level in Kharagpur include but not limited to—St. Agnes School (2 branches),[80] BNR Excellence Academy,[81] Sacred Heart High School,[82] Kendriya Vidyalaya (3 branches),[83] D.A.V. Model School,[84] and Hijli High School.[85]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑ The five airfields used in Operation Matterhorn were Kharagpur, Kalaikunda (transport base), Piardoba, Dudhkundi, and Chakulia.

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "Kharagpur Sadar election result LIVE: Dilip Ghosh of BJP wins". News18. 4 May 2026. Retrieved 4 May 2026.
  2. ↑ "রেলশহরের কল্যাণে কল্যাণী, তিন মাস পরে কাটল জট, প্রথম মহিলা পুরপ্রধান". www.anandabazar.com (in Bengali). Anandabazar Patrika. Archived from the original on 12 April 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  3. ↑ "২৭ হাজারেরও বেশি ভোটে জয়ী মেদিনীপুরের তৃণমূলের কংগ্রেসের প্রার্থী জুন মালিয়া". bengali.abplive.com (in Bengali). ABP Ananda. 4 June 2024. Archived from the original on 5 June 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  4. ↑ "West Bengal (India): Districts, Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts". Archived from the original on 17 November 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
  5. 1 2 "Kharagpur City demography". Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  6. ↑ "Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Census 2011" (PDF). Census of India. Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
  7. ↑ Singh, Mahendra (1 October 2013). "Gorakhpur set to have longest railway platform in world". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
  8. ↑ Dasgupta, Gautam Kumar; Biswas, Samira; Mallik, Rabiranjan (2009), Heritage Tourism: An Anthropological Journey to Bishnupur, New Delhi: Mittal, p. 32, ISBN 978-8183242943
  9. ↑ Mallik, Abhaya Pada (1921). History of Bishnupur-Raj: An Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal (the University of Michigan ed.). Calcutta. p. 14. Retrieved 11 March 2016. Alt URL
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Banerjee, Kamalika; Mal, Sibsankar (27 September 2022). Role of Urban Development Authorities in Local Governance. Insta Publishing. p. 38. ISBN 978-93-91176-49-5. Retrieved 25 July 2026.
  11. 1 2 University, Dacca (1973). "20". In Sarkar, Jadunath (ed.). The History of Bengal, Etc: Vol. 2. Muslim period, 1200-1757. University of Dacca. p. 385. ISBN 9386223481. Retrieved 26 July 2026. Alt URL
  12. ↑ Imperial Gazetteer of India. Vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1909. Archived from the original on 24 May 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2026.
  13. ↑ Saihgal, Tanya (5 October 2018). "154 years ago, this infamous cyclone in Calcutta took over 60,000 lives and flooded the entire city". India Today. Archived from the original on 6 October 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  14. ↑ Bhaduri, Riyanka (26 October 2025). "From detention to memory: Hijli Jail and the legacies of colonial repression in Kharagpur". The Social Science Review. 3 (5): 236–241. doi:10.70096/tssr.250305042. Archived from the original on 18 November 2025. Retrieved 26 July 2026.
  15. 1 2 Cate, James (1953). "The Twentieth Air Force and Matterhorn". In Craven, Wesley Frank; Cate, James (eds.). The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki, June 1944 to August 1945 (PDF). The Army Air Forces in World War II. Vol. V. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 3–178. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2026.
  16. ↑ Dod, Karl C. (1966). The Corps of Engineers: The War Against Japan (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2026.
  17. ↑ "Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Under ground cabling network for Kharagpur Town under WBEDGMP. Executive Summary. p. 5" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2026. Retrieved 27 July 2026.
  18. ↑ Bhunia, Gouri Sankar; Chatterjee, Uday; Lalmalsawmzauva, K. C.; Shit, Pravat Kumar (24 February 2022). Anthropogeomorphology: A Geospatial Technology Based Approach. Springer Nature. p. 363. ISBN 978-3-030-77572-8. Retrieved 25 July 2026.
  19. 1 2 "About Kharagpur". stpi.in. Software Technology Parks of India. Retrieved 25 July 2026.
  20. ↑ "Elevation of Kharagpur, West Bengal, India - MAPLOGS". Worldwide Elevation Map Finder. Archived from the original on 25 July 2026. Retrieved 25 July 2026.
  21. ↑ Guchhait, Gourhari; Pachori, Dr Suruchi (2021). "General Resource Of Paschim Medinipur District, West Bengal: A Glimpse". Elementary Education Online. 20 (6): 2780–2791. ISSN 1305-3515. Archived from the original on 25 July 2026. Retrieved 25 July 2026.
  22. ↑ Roy, Anjali Gera (1 September 2012). "The remembered railway town of Anglo-Indian memory". South Asian Diaspora. 4 (2): 144. doi:10.1080/19438192.2012.675722. ISSN 1943-8192. Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2026.
  23. ↑ "Kharagpur Railway Colony Project Unlocking Potential". homesbuildings.com. Homes & Buildings. Archived from the original on 12 May 2026. Retrieved 27 July 2026.
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Further reading

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