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International recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

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  Western Sahara
  States that recognize the SADR[a]
  States that have withdrawn recognition of the SADR
  States that do not recognize the SADR

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) was proclaimed by the Polisario Front on 27 February 1976, in Bir Lehlu, Western Sahara. SADR claims sovereignty over the entire territory of Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony; however, at present the SADR government controls approximately 20–25% of the territory it claims.[2] It calls the territories under its control the Free Zone, while Morocco claims its territories as its "southern provinces".

The SADR has been recognized by 84 United Nations (UN) member states, though several states have since "frozen" or "withdrawn" their recognition.[3] Morocco has successfully lobbied states to withdraw and withhold their recognition of the SADR.

The SADR has been a member of the African Union (AU), formerly the Organization of African Unity (OAU), since 1984. At the time, Morocco withdrew from the OAU in protest, until 2017, when Morocco again joined the African Union.[4] The UN recognizes the Polisario Front as the legitimate representative of the Sahrawi people; it is occasionally invited to speak as Western Sahara's representative before the UN Special Committee on Decolonization, though this practice is inconsistent.[5]

In 2020, the United States under Donald Trump was the first country to recognize Morocco's unilateral annexation of Western Sahara.[6][7] While some countries reiterate support for the "territorial integrity of Morocco", a number of countries have expressed their support for a future status of Western Sahara as an autonomous part of Morocco.[8]

Besides Mexico, Algeria, Iran, Venezuela, Vietnam, Nigeria and South Africa, India was the largest middle power to have ever recognized SADR, having allowed the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic to open an embassy in New Delhi in 1985. However, India withdrew its recognition in 2000.[9]

Background information

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The conflict in the Western Sahara dates back to the early 1970s, when the indigenous Sahrawi Polisario Front sprang up an insurgency in Spanish Sahara, demanding an independent Sahrawi Republic.[10] In 1957, the then-Spanish territory was claimed by Morocco, who declared independence a year before.[11]

On 16 October 1975, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) issued an advisory opinion that, while some Sahrawi tribes held allegiance to Morocco, found that there were not any ties of sovereignty, from Morocco or Mauritania, over the territory of Western Sahara. Moreover, the ICJ invoked the right of self-determination for Sahrawis through their free and genuine expression of such will.[12] Morocco defied this advisory and staged a Green March across the Sahara.[10]

The Polisario's insurgency and subsequent international pressure led Spain to withdraw from the region in 1975, Spain agreed to the partition of the territory between Morocco and Mauritania despite the ICJ Advisory Opinion.[11]

In 1976, the Polisario Front declared a Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic in Bir Lahlou. In 1979, Mauritania gave up its claim to Western Sahara, which led to Morocco taking over the Mauritanian-controlled portion of the territory. Armed conflict continued to break out until a 1991 ceasefire.[11]

Seeking to change the status quo, the Polisario Front blocked the Western Saharan city of Guerguerat, a key trade route between Morocco and Mauritania in 2020. This led to a Moroccan military operation and subsequently led to the 2020 Western Saharan clashes and prompted the Polisario Front to quit observing the 1991 ceasefire.[11]

States that have recognized the SADR

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84 UN member states and South Ossetia either currently recognize the SADR or have recognized it in the past.[13][14] Of these, a number of them have "suspended", "frozen" or "withdrawn" recognition. Morocco has intensively, and successfully, pressured states to withdraw or withhold recognition of the SADR.[15]

Countries that recognize the SADR as an independent state

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The following lists the states that recognize the SADR. States that have suspended their diplomatic relations with the SADR are highlighted in yellow; the downgrading of diplomatic relations is separate from withdrawing recognition.[1]

Non-UN states

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Countries that recognized the SADR but have subsequently withdrawn recognition

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Former states

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States whose legislatures have voted to recognize SADR

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The parliaments of several states that do not recognize the Sahrawi Republic have called on their respective governments to recognize SADR. In 1988, the Raul Alfonsín government of Argentina made a compromise to recognize the independence of the Sahrawi Republic in the end of 1988. This announcement was dated 6 May 1988, sent by a letter signed by Minister Dante Caputo to Minister of Foreign Affairs of SADR. In July 2010, the Argentine Chamber of Deputies registered a declaration project exhorting the government of Argentina to recognize the SADR and to establish diplomatic relations with it.[129]

In November 1999, the foreign minister of Chile informed the Sahrawi Chancellor by letter that the president of Chile had decided to recognize the SADR. However, this recognition was never implemented. Therefore, Chile's Chamber of Deputies has subsequently repeatedly called for the recognition of SADR and establishment of diplomatic relations with it.[130][131] The Brazilian Chamber of Deputies has repeatedly asked government of Brazil to recognize SADR and establish diplomatic relations with it.[132][133][134]

In 2004, the Australian Senate adopted a motion where "urges Australian government to positively consider extending diplomatic recognition to SADR at the appropriate time."[135] In 2014, the Swedish Riksdag voted to recommend that the Swedish government "recognises the SADR as soon as possible", becoming the first EU member state to do so.[136] In January 2014 a bill was submitted in the Danish parliament that Denmark would recognize the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, but it has not been voted on.[137][138]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ↑ This includes states that have suspended diplomatic relations with the SADR and Polisario Front, but have not formally announced a withdrawal or freezing of recognition (Bolivia, Ghana, Panama, Peru). The downgrading of diplomatic relations does not necessarily amount to withdrawing recognition.[1]
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Party to the 1933 Montevideo Convention. Article 6 of the convention states that diplomatic recognition is "irrevocable". According to the Centre for Studies on Western Sahara, convention parties that have recognized the SADR can suspend diplomatic relations, but cannot withdraw recognition; those that have withdrawn their recognition are in violation of their international obligations.[16]

References

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  1. 1 2 Gëzim Visoka (2024). The Derecognition of States. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 212. ISBN 9780472077090. One-step-back ... derecognition can be interpreted as downgrading of bilateral relations without formally taking a stance on the political and legal status of the claimant state. [It] may entail recognition without engagement. It signifies moving from being diplomatic friends to being acquaintances or strangers. In this instance, ... it doesn't question the existence of the claimant state.
  2. ↑ "Sáhara Occidental – cuadro zonas mapa político-militar" (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  3. ↑ Evert Kleynhans, Marco Wyss (2025). The Handbook of African Defence and Armed Forces. Oxford University Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-19-888475-0.
  4. ↑ "Morocco rejoins the African Union after 33 years". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  5. ↑ Question of Western Sahara (continued): Hearing of representatives of the Non-Self-Governing Territory A/AC.109/2016/SR.5 16 July 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2026.
  6. ↑ "International law allows the recognition of Western Sahara". 7 November 2015.
  7. ↑ "The U.S. recognized Moroccan sovereignty over the disputed Western Sahara. Here's what that means". The Washington Post.
  8. ↑ "More countries reiterate territorial integrity of Morocco and Azerbaijan". DND. 17 June 2019.
  9. ↑ "L'Inde annonce officiellement le retrait de sa reconnaissance La "rasd" en déconfiture". 27 June 2000. Archived from the original on 8 March 2003. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  10. 1 2 "Western Sahara profile". BBC News. 11 July 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  11. 1 2 3 4 "Western Sahara". Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 April 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  12. ↑ International Court of Justice (16 October 1975). "Advisory Opinion of 16 October 1975 – Western Sahara" (PDF) (in English and French). pp. 13-14, 68–69 (PDF pages: 5–8, 115–118). Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  13. ↑ Evert Kleynhans, Marco Wyss (2025). The Handbook of African Defence and Armed Forces. Oxford University Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-19-888475-0. The SADR is recognized by 84 states
  14. ↑ Damien Kingsbury (2021). Separatism and the State. Taylor & Francis. p. 152. ISBN 978-10-0036870-3. SADR is recognized by 84 countries
  15. ↑ Stephen Allen; Jamie Trinidad (2024). The Western Sahara Question and International Law: Recognition Doctrine and Self-Determination. Abingdon: Routledge. 22. ISBN 9781032658803.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Centre for Studies on Western Sahara (6 June 2024). "SADR and Frente Polisario". University of Santiago de Compostela. Archived from the original on 11 April 2026. Retrieved 29 March 2026.
  17. 1 2 3 4 "List of Countries that recognized the Sahrawi Republic". Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Embassy To Ethiopia & Permanent Representation To The African Union. Archived from the original on 27 July 2026. Retrieved 29 March 2026.
  18. ↑ "Le Panama suspend sa reconnaissance à la "rasd"". Le Matin du Sahara et du Maghreb. 30 November 2013. Archived from the original on 9 December 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
  19. ↑ "República Saharaui reabrió su embajada en Panamá" (in Spanish). Dia a Dia. 8 January 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  20. ↑ "Algeria: Sahrawi Embassy in Panama Reopens". AllAfrica. 7 January 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
  21. ↑ "Política exterior panameña posiciona al país en la agenda de desarrollo global". Noticias (in Spanish). 24 December 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  22. ↑ "Comunicado De Suspensión De Relaciones Diplomáticas Con La República Árabe Saharaui Democrática". MIRE-Panamá [es] (in Spanish). 21 November 2024. Archived from the original on 23 November 2024.
  23. ↑ "La consolidation des relations économiques, au centre d'un entretien entre M. El Fassi et son homologue vietnamien". Agence Maghreb Arab Presse. 12 April 2010. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  24. ↑ "Morocco, Vietnam express will to reinforce bilateral relations". Agence Maghreb Arab Presse. 13 April 2010. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  25. ↑ "En marge du Sommet de Washington". L'Opinion. 14 April 2010. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  26. ↑ "M. El Otmani s'entretient avec le chef de la commission des relations extérieures du Parti communiste vietnamien". Agence Maghreb Arab Presse. 4 June 2013. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  27. ↑ "Entretiens PPS-PCV : Le Vietnam réaffirme sa position de soutien au Maroc dans le cadre du dossier de son intégrité territoriale". Party of Progress and Socialism. Le président de la délégation du Parti communiste du Vietnam (PCV) en visite au Maroc du 2 au 5 juin, à l'invitation du Parti du progrès et du socialisme (PPS) a réaffirmé, lundi 3 juin 2013 à Rabat, la position de soutien de son pays et de son parti à l'intégrité territoriale du Royaume.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  28. ↑ "Basic information about the country, the region and relations with Vietnam" (in Vietnamese). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Vietnam. 2 May 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  29. ↑ "Biography Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in Algeria". Embassy of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria. Retrieved 22 November 2017. 5/2016: Nommé Ambassadeur plénipotentiaire et extraordinaire du Vietnam en République algérienne démocratique et populaire, République du Mali, ... et République arabe Sarahouie démocratique.
  30. ↑ "Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic". Retrieved 29 March 2026.
  31. ↑ Isaac Donkor (10 January 2025). "Mahama should swiftly reverse Akufo-Addo's suspension of diplomatic ties with SADR — Sulemana Braimah". ModernGhana. Archived from the original on 30 May 2026. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration of the Republic of Ghana ... wishes to inform that the Republic of Ghana has decided to suspend diplomatic relations with SADR.
  32. ↑ Jassim Ahdani (6 June 2025). "Western Sahara: Ghana backs Morocco's autonomy plan". The Africa Report. Retrieved 29 March 2026. Ghana turned a historic page on 5 June by withdrawing its recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) and throwing its full support behind Morocco's autonomy plan.
  33. ↑ Africanews (7 June 2025). "Ghana ends support to Western Sahara, backs Moroccan autonomy plan instead". YouTube. Retrieved 29 March 2026. Ghana announced on Thursday that it would cease to recognize the independence-seeking movement in Western Sahara.
  34. ↑ Kitsepile Nyathi (19 August 2025). "SADC sticks with Sahrawi in spite of shifting continental allegiances". The EastAfrican. Retrieved 24 August 2026.
  35. ↑ "Nicaragua vice-president confers with Moroccan officials". Arabic News. 22 July 2000. Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  36. ↑ "Nicaragua and the Saharawi Republic declare the reestablishment of diplomatic relations". Saharawi Press Service. 12 January 2007. Archived from the original on 17 January 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  37. ↑ Com, Yabiladi (10 October 2019). "After Morocco's announcement, Lesotho makes a U-turn on its Western Sahara position". Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  38. ↑ "The Kingdom of Lesotho rejects Moroccan allegations". Sahara Press Service. 9 October 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  39. ↑ Com, Yabiladi (10 December 2019). "After contradicting statements, Lesotho confirms its position on the Sahara issue". Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  40. ↑ "Kingdom of Lesotho denies once again lies of Kingdom of Morocco". Sahara Press Service. 14 December 2019. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
  41. ↑ "Lesotho Kingdom maintains support to Saharawi rights and denies alleged change of position". Sahara Press Service. 3 June 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  42. ↑ "Vanuatu to open diplomatic representation in Morocco". Arabic News. 14 December 2000. Archived from the original on 27 May 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  43. ↑ "Vanuatu and the Saharawi Republic establish diplomatic relations at Ambassadorial level". Saharawi Press Service. 1 August 2008. Archived from the original on 11 April 2010. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
  44. ↑ "Republic of Mauritius withdraws its recognition of the so-called SADR". TopWireNews.com. 20 January 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  45. ↑ "Mauritius: Republic of Mauritius Renews Its Recognition of Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic". AllAfrica. 23 November 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
  46. ↑ Com, Yabiladi. "Sahara : La Bolivie "suspend ses liens avec la RASD" et appelle les parties au dialogue". www.yabiladi.com.
  47. ↑ "El Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia fortalece relaciones diplomáticas con la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática". Bolivia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 16 September 2021. Archived from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2021.
  48. ↑ "COMUNICADO// Bolivia y Marruecos inician una nueva etapa en sus relaciones bilaterales". X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved 25 February 2026. ... ha decidido suspender las relaciones diplomáticas con la entidad deconomiada 'RASD'. [... has decided to suspend diplomatic relations with the entity known as 'SADR'.]
  49. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation and Moroccan Expatriates (23 February 2026). "Mr. Fernando Aramayo, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Plurinational State of Bolivia, held a telephone conversation on Monday, 23 February, with Mr. Nasser Bourita, Minister of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation and Moroccan Expatriates of the Kingdom of Morocco". Retrieved 8 June 2026. With regard to the question of Western Sahara, the Plurinational State of Bolivia ... has undertaken a sovereign review of his foreign policy and decided to suspend diplomatic relations with the entity referred to Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (RASD) and to discontinue official contacts therewith.
  50. ↑ Ricardo Sánchez Serra (11 December 2008). "El estoicismo del pueblo saharaui". La Razón (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 August 2012.[self-published source?]
  51. ↑ "Restablecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas con la RASD". gob.pe (in Spanish). Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 8 September 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  52. ↑ "Reestablishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Peru and the Saharawi Republic (SADR)". Sahara Press Service. 9 September 2021. Archived from the original on 9 September 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  53. ↑ "Comunicado Oficial del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores". Gobierno del Perú (in Spanish). 19 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  54. ↑ "República Saharaui destaca "renovación" de relaciones diplomáticas con Perú". swissinfo.ch. 9 September 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  55. ↑ "Perú rompe relaciones diplomáticas con la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática" (in Spanish). 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  56. ↑ Muniu Riunge (25 February 2007). "Kenya: Why Links with Sahrawi Were Shortlived". AllAfrica (The Standard). Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
  57. ↑ "COMMUNIQUE". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Morocco. 19 October 2006. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
  58. ↑ "Kenya gèle sa reconnaissance de la pseudo RASD (communiqué conjoint)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation. 26 June 2007. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
  59. ↑ "Kenya freezes recognition of SADR". Sahara News. 20 July 2007. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
  60. ↑ "Opening of Saharawi embassy in Nairobi". Sahara Press Service. 6 February 2014. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  61. ↑ Ramadhan Rajab (7 February 2014). "Sahrawi Republic opens embassy in Nairobi". The Star. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
  62. ↑ "Kenya clarifies position on Sahrawi after gaffe". The EastAfrican. 19 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  63. ↑ "SADR welcomes Kenya's historic and principled stand for rights of Sahrawi people". Sahrawi Press Service. 19 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  64. ↑ Ahmed Eljechtimi (26 May 2025). "Kenya backs Morocco's autonomy plan for Western Sahara, joint statement says". Reuters. Retrieved 11 April 2026.
  65. ↑ Kenneth Odeng Adade (10 April 2026). "Kenya backs Moroccan autonomy plan for Sahara". MSN. Retrieved 11 April 2026.
  66. ↑ Moses Wetang'ula [@HonWetangula] (19 June 2025). "Today, I hosted His Excellency Mohamed-Liman Ali Ami, the Ambassador of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, who paid me a courtesy call at my office at Parliament Buildings..." (Tweet). Retrieved 11 April 2026 – via X (formerly Twitter).
  67. ↑ "South Sudan does not recognize Western Sahara independent state: FM". Sudan Tribune. 30 September 2018. Archived from the original on 20 January 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  68. ↑ "South Sudan resumes diplomatic relations with the Sahrawi Republic". Sahara Press Service. 22 September 2022. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  69. ↑ "Greetings of the Republic of South Ossetia Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the Sahara Arab Democratic Republic on the occasion of 35 anniversary of the Declaration of Independence Day of SADR". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of The Republic of South Ossetia. 27 February 2011. Archived from the original on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
  70. ↑ "Reconocimientos de la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática (RASD)". Una mirada al Sáhara Occidental. 24 April 2026. Archived from the original on 30 May 2026. Retrieved 30 May 2026. ... debido a la controversia de la situación de Osetia del Sur confirman que no existe reconocimiento por parte de la RASD a Osetia del Sur. [... due to the controversy surrounding the situation in South Ossetia, they confirm that there is no recognition of South Ossetia by the SADR.]
  71. ↑ "Seychelles: Les Seychelles ne reconnaissent plus la RASD". AllAfrica.com. 3 April 2008. Archived from the original on 23 November 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  72. ↑ "Seychelles withdraws recognition for SADR". AfrikNews. 18 March 2008. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
  73. ↑ "Seychelles Islands withdraws recognition of so-called SADR". Agence Maghreb Arab Presse. March 2008. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  74. ↑ Visoka, Gëzim; Doyle, John; Newman, Edward (12 September 2019). Routledge Handbook of State Recognition. Taylor & Francis. p. 386. ISBN 978-1032177274.
  75. ↑ "List of member states of the United Nations (193) having diplomatic relations with Cambodia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. 25 November 2019. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  76. ↑ "Afghanistan withdraws recognition from so-called Sahrawi republic". 7 December 2002. Archived from the original on 8 August 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  77. ↑ "President meets with representative from Sahrawi Republic". A Semana. 7 February 2012. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
  78. ↑ "JCF recebe ministro dos negócios estrangeiros da RASD" (in Portuguese). Liberal. 6 February 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2012.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  79. ↑ "Cape Verde Supports Morocco's Western Sahara Position, ECOWAS Bid". Morocco World News. 16 November 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  80. ↑ "Countries with which Guyana has Establishment Diplomatic Relations – Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation| Co-operative Republic of Guyana". Archived from the original on 26 August 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  81. ↑ "Sainte Lucie". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Morocco. Archived from the original on 23 June 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  82. ↑ "Ministerial meeting with representatives of the Caribbean". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Morocco. 13 December 2012. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  83. ↑ "Jamaica withdraws its recognition of the self-proclaimed "Sahraoui Rebublic"". The Moroccan Times. 16 September 2016. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  84. ↑ "Jamaica Reiterates Decision to Withdraw Recognition of Self-Proclaimed 'SADR'". Morocco World News. 11 December 2019.
  85. 1 2 Com, Yabiladi (2 March 2018). "Once again, the Zambian Foreign Ministry withdraws its recognition of SADR". Retrieved 20 January 2019.
  86. 1 2 "Zambia : Zambia reaffirms to cut ties with Sahrawi Republic, President Lungu to visit Morocco soon". 5 March 2018.
  87. ↑ "Zambia Withdraws its Recognition of Polisario's Self-proclaimed SADR". 9 July 2016.
  88. ↑ "Now Govt denies withdrawing recognition of Western Sahara, claims will remain neutral". 27 February 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  89. ↑ "Special envoy brings President Koroma good message". The Republic of Sierra Leone – State House. 20 June 2011. Retrieved 29 October 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  90. ↑ "Western Sahara, April 2025 Monthly Forecast". Security Council Report. 31 March 2025. Retrieved 29 March 2026. Sierra Leone recognises Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara and established a consulate in Dakhla in August 2021.
  91. ↑ "Mise au point" (in French). Government of Chad. 20 July 2007. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  92. ↑ "President of Republic congratulates his Chadian counterpart on National Day". Sahara Press Service. 11 August 2018. Archived from the original on 27 June 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  93. ↑ "Mali backs Morocco's autonomy plan for Western Sahara". 10 April 2026. Retrieved 10 April 2026. Diop, Mali's foreign minister, said on Friday that Mali was no longer recognizing the Sahrawi Republic.
  94. ↑ "Relaciones con los países de Asia, África y Oceanía – X. República Árabe Democrática Saharaui" (PDF) (in Spanish). Asamblea Legislativa de la República de Costa Rica. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2011. El 22 de abril de 2000 el Canciller Rojas anunció en Rabat que Costa Rica retiraba el reconocimiento a la República Arabe Saharaui Democrática... [On April 22, 2000, Foreign Minister Rojas announced in Rabat that Costa Rica was withdrawing its recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic...]
  95. ↑ "Ecuador and the Saharawi Republic declare the re-establishment of diplomatic relations". Sahara Press Service. 8 February 2006. Archived from the original on 26 May 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2006.
  96. ↑ "Posición del Ecuador sobre el Sahara Occidental" (in Spanish). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ecuador. 22 July 2004. Retrieved 25 August 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  97. ↑ "Ecuador retira reconocimiento a República Árabe Saharaui Democrática (+Post)". Prensa Latina (in Spanish). 22 October 2024. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  98. ↑ "Fuerzas políticas y sociales rechazan la decisión del Gobierno ecuatoriano de suspender relaciones con la RASD". Sahara Press Service (in Spanish). 26 October 2024. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  99. 1 2 "El nuevo Gobierno de Colombia reconoce la soberanía de Marruecos sobre el Sáhara Occidental". La Razón (in Spanish). 8 August 2026. Retrieved 8 August 2026.
  100. 1 2 "Colombia da un giro de 180 grados y reconoce la soberanía de Marruecos sobre el Sáhara Occidental". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 8 August 2026. Retrieved 8 August 2026.
  101. ↑ "States which recognize the SADR". ARSO – Association de soutien à un référendum libre et régulier au Sahara Occidental. 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
  102. ↑ "Western Sahara: Colombian Senate Calls Its Government to Recognize SADR". AllAfrica.com. 12 May 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  103. ↑ "Colombia restablece las relaciones diplomáticas con la República Saharaui". August 2022.
  104. ↑ "Comunicado de prensa" (in Spanish). Ministry of Foreign Affairs — Colombia. 10 August 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  105. ↑ "Indian And Spanish Ambassadors Present Letters of Credence To President Sirleaf". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Liberia. 24 October 2012. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  106. ↑ "Liberia Officially Opens Consulate in Morocco's Dakhla". Morocco World News. 12 March 2020.
  107. ↑ "Sahara: Morocco Appreciates Liberia's 'Clear and Constant' Stance (FM)". Hespress. 24 June 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2026.
  108. ↑ "Western Sahara, April 2026 Monthly Forecast". Security Council Report. 4 April 2026. Retrieved 1 April 2026. Among the newly elected Council members Bahrain, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and Liberia support Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara and have opened consulates in the territory.
  109. ↑ "Guatemala denies recognition of so-called Sahrawi republic". Arabic News. 30 July 2002. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
  110. ↑ "Visas para extranjeros" (in Spanish). MFA of Guatemala. Retrieved 9 December 2013. Categoria consultada "C", No.44, República Árabe Saharaui Democrática
  111. ↑ "Dominican Republic freezes recognition of so-called Sahrawi republic". 24 May 2002. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  112. ↑ "Tirana". Africa Analysis (460). London: Africa Analysis Ltd. 26 November 2004. p. 5: Albania has withdrawn its recognition of the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Sadr).
  113. ↑ "Sahara: Le Salvador retire sa reconnaissance de la "RASD"". Le Desk. 15 June 2019.
  114. ↑ "La República de Honduras decidió suspender su reconocimiento de la pseudo "rasd"". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation and Moroccan Expatriates. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 23 April 2026.
  115. ↑ "La RASD et le Malawi établissent des relations diplomatiques". Sahrawi Press Service. 25 March 2002. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  116. ↑ "Western Sahara Weekly News". Association de soutien à un référendum libre et régulier au Sahara Occidental. 6 April 2002.
  117. ↑ "Western Sahara Weekly News". Association de soutien à un référendum libre et régulier au Sahara Occidental. 7 July 2001. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  118. ↑ "Western Sahara Weekly News". Association de soutien à un référendum libre et régulier au Sahara Occidental. 28 December 2002. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  119. ↑ "Malawi To Open Consulate in Morocco's Laayoune". Morocco World News. 27 July 2021.
  120. ↑ "LA RASD ET LE PARAGUAY ETABLISSENT DES RELATIONS DIPLOMATIQUES". Sahara Press Service. 10 February 2000. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
  121. ↑ "Declaración del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores" (in Spanish). Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores - Paraguay. 3 January 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2025. {{cite web}}: |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help)
  122. ↑ "Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary-General - Historical Information". United Nations. Retrieved 3 August 2025.
  123. ↑ Bühler, Konrad (2001). State Succession and Membership in International Organizations. Martinus Nijhoff Publisher. pp. 117–118. ISBN 9041115536. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
  124. ↑ "Yemen backs Morocco's efforts to perfect territorial integrity". Arabic News. 2 July 1999. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  125. ↑ "Foreign Minister discusses with his Moroccan counterpart ways to strengthen and develop bilateral relations between the two countries". Saba News Agency (in Arabic). 18 January 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2026. The Minister of Foreign Affairs affirmed the Republic of Yemen's steadfast position and its full support for the Kingdom of Morocco's position on the Western Sahara issue and its efforts to preserve the unity of Moroccan territory.
  126. ↑ Sara Zouiten (31 January 2025). "Yemen Reaffirms Support for Morocco's Territorial Integrity, Development Efforts". Morocco World News. Retrieved 29 March 2026.
  127. ↑ United Nations Security Council Resolution 777. Resolution 777 (1992) of 19 September 1992 S/RES/777 19 September 1992. Retrieved 28 August 2026.
  128. ↑ "Serbia-Montenegro withdraws recognition of Sahara Republic". Arabic News. 27 October 2004. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
  129. ↑ "Proyecto de Declaración por el Reconocimiento". 11 November 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  130. ↑ "Cámara de Diputados de Chile pide a Bachelet reconocer a la República Saharaui". 2 April 2014. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  131. ↑ "Proyecto de Resolución N° 6". Cámara de Diputados de Chile. 1 April 2014. Archived from the original on 11 August 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  132. ↑ "REQ 1086/2007". Chamber of Deputies, Brazil. 31 May 2007. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  133. ↑ "INC 1854/2011". Chamber of Deputies, Brazil. 26 October 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  134. ↑ "INC 6225/2014". Chamber of Deputies, Brazil. 11 June 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  135. ↑ "Australia may recognise Saharawi Republic". afrol News. 30 November 2004. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
  136. ↑ "Swedish parliament wants government to recognise Western Sahara". Newstime Africa. 5 December 2012. Archived from the original on 26 December 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  137. ↑ "Denmark to vote on recognition of Western Sahara". Afrika Kontakt. 23 January 2014. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  138. ↑ "Denmark adopts new policy on Western Sahara". 10 May 2014. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
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