Jump to content

IFMAR 1:10 Electric Off-Road World Championships

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
IFMAR 1:10 Electric Off-Road World Championship
First race1985
Duration3 rounds of 5 minute heats (A-main)
1 round of 5 minute heat (others)
Most wins (driver)2WD = Masami Hirosaka (3)
4WD = Masami Hirosaka (4)
Most wins (manufacturer)2WD = Team Associated (13)
4WD = Yokomo (7)
Circuit information
SurfaceDirt (1985–1991, 1995, 2002, 2005)
Clay (1993, 1997–1999, 2007–2011, 2023)
Blue groove (2003, 2013)
Artificial turf (2015)

The IFMAR World Championship for 1:10th Electric Off-Road Cars (officially "IFMAR 1:10 Electric Off-Road World Championship") is a world championship radio controlled car race sanctioned by the International Federation of Model Auto Racing (IFMAR). It takes place biennially on odd years since 1987 in its current format but inaugurated in 1985 as a championship for Stock (stock handout motor) and Modified class (modified motors and seven cells)[1] It is considered by the radio-controlled modelling industry to be the most prestigious event in the calendar that a number of mainstream hobby and toy brands have fielded factory entries.

The event is open exclusively to 1:10 scale electric off-road buggies with those of 2WD and 4WD drivetrain, competing separately. These are characterized by its large wheels designed for off-road driving and enclosed single-seater bodyshell with large rear spoiler.

Despite taking place under the same host and venue, the two championships are regarded as separate events, therefore in between them, the circuit is required to be rebuilt and reconfigured differently.

All the world championships took place on dirt or clay tracks until 2015 when the decision was made to run controversially on artificial turf.[2]

In the 2WD class Associated Electrics, holds distinction for the most wins for manufacturers with a total of 13; Masami Hirosaka of Japan, hold the record with three wins. In the 4WD class Yokomo holds distinction for the most wins for manufacturers; Hirosaka, holding the record with three wins.

Venues

[edit]
Host Venues for the IFMAR 1:10 Electric Off-Road World Championship
Host Venues for the IFMAR 1:10 Electric Off-Road World Championship
Ed.YearBloc ! Host ClubVenueLocationCountrySurface Source
1 1985 ROAR Ranch Pit Shop Ranch Pit Shop Del Mar, San Diego, California  United States Hardpack
2 1987 EFRA Romsey Off-Road Club Malthouse Inn Timsbury, Hampshire[nb 1]  United Kingdom Dirt [3]
3 1989 FEMCA St Ives Off Road Radio Control Car Club St. Ives Showground St Ives, New South Wales  Australia Dirt
4 1991 ROAR Team SEMROCC Racing Freedom Hill Park Sterling Heights, Michigan[nb 2]  United States Dirt
5 1993 EFRA Thames Estuary Model Auto Circuits Pipps Hill Leisure Complex Basildon, Essex  United Kingdom Dirt
6 1995 FEMCA JMRCA Kanto Yatabe Arena Tsukuba, Ibaraki  Japan Dirt
7 1997 ROAR Ranch Pit Shop Ranch Pit Shop Pomona, California  United States Blue Groove
8 1999 EFRA Rauman Urheiluautoilijat Uimahalli Rauma, Satakunta  Finland Dirt
N/A 2001 FAMAR DELAYED TO 2002 Pretoria, Gauteng  South Africa Dirt
9 2002 FAMAR Tshwane Raceway And Promotions Skilpad Tortoise Hall Pretoria, Gauteng[nb 3]  South Africa Dirt
10 2003 ROAR Minnreg RC Car Club Minnreg RC Speedway Largo, Florida  United States Blue Groove
11 2005 EFRA AF Model Rings AF Model Rings Collegno, Piedmont  Italy Dirt
12 2007 FEMCA Hakusan Ichirino RC Club Hakusan Arena Ishikawa, Chūbu region  Japan Dirt
13 2009 FAMAR Tshwane Raceway and Promotions TRAP R/C Venue Pretoria, Gauteng  South Africa Dirt
14 2011 EFRA Vaasan Urheiluautoilijat Pitkämäki Race-Centre Vaasa, Ostrobothnia  Finland Clay [4]
15 2013 ROAR A-Main Hobbies Silver Dollar R/C Raceway Chico, California  United States Blue Groove [5]
16 2015 FEMCA JMRCA Kanto Yatabe Arena Tsukuba, Ibaraki  Japan Astroturf [6]
17 2017 FEMCA 3-Circles ARC International Raceway Xiamen, Fujian  China Dirt [7]
18 2019 EFRA Hudy Arena Hudy Arena Trenčín, Trenčín Region  Slovakia Clay
19 2023 ROAR Hobby Action Hobby Action RC Raceway Chandler, Arizona  United States [8]
20 2025 FEMCA Hills Offroad RC Car Club Castle Hill, New South Wales  Australia Dirt

IFMAR World Championship Winners

[edit]
Year Name Chassis Electronics Source Report
BrandModel MotorESCTransmitterBatteries
Stock
1985United States Jay Halsey AssociatedRC10 ReedyNovak NESC-1Airtronics [9][10] Report
Unlimited
1985 United States Gil Losi Jr. YokomoYZ-834B TrinityNovak NESC-1Airtronics [9][10] Report
2WD
1987 United States Joel Johnson KyoshoUltima Trinity Monster Pure GoldTekin ESC100KO Propo EX-1Trinity SC [11] Report
1989 Japan Masami Hirosaka AssociatedRC10GX ReedyKO Propo CX-IIIKO Propo Esprit [12] Report
1991 Japan Masami Hirosaka AssociatedRC10GX ReedyNovak 410-M1cKO PropoYokomo SCE [13] Report
1993 United States Brian Kinwald AssociatedRC10 ReedyNovak 410-M1cAirtronics CS2P [14][15] Report
1995 United States Matt Francis AssociatedRC10B2 Reedy SonicLRP ICS DigitalAirtronics Caliber 3PsSanyo/Reedy/Orion [16] Report
1997 United States Brian Kinwald LosiXX-CR TrinityNovak CycloneAirtronics Caliber 3PS [17] Report
1999 Japan Masami Hirosaka AssociatedRC10B3 Reedy Sonic II (9x3)GM Racing V12KO Propo Esprit VantageYokomo 2000mAh [18] Report
2002 United States Matt Francis LosiXXX TrinityLRPAirtronics M8 [19] Report
2003 United States Billy Easton AssociatedRC10B4 Reedy RxLRP QC2Airtronics M8 [20] Report
2005 United Kingdom Neil Cragg AssociatedRC10B4 Reedy TiNosram RazorKO Propo EX-10 [21] Report
2007 Japan Hayato Matsuzaki AssociatedRC10B4 CheckpointKO Propo VFS-1 Pro Competition 3KO Propo EX-10 Helios C2 [22] Report
2009 Germany Martin Achter AssociatedRC10B4 CS Magnetic DeltaCS Rocket CompetitionSanwa M11X [23] Report
2011 United States Ryan Cavalieri AssociatedRC10B4.1 Team Orion Vortex VST ProLRP SXXAirtronics M11X [24] Report
2013 United States Jared Tebo KyoshoUltima RB6 Team Orion Vortex VST2Team Orion Vortex R10KO Propo EX-10 Eurus [25] Report
2015 United States Spencer Rivkin AssociatedRC10B5M Reedy Sonic Mach 2Reedy Blackbox 410RAirtronics M12S [26] Report
2017 United States Ryan Maifield YokomoYZ-2 DTM Team Orion Vortex VST2Team Orion HMXAirtronics M12S [27] Report
2019 United States Spencer Rivkin AssociatedRC10B6.1DL HobbyWing XeRun V10 G3HobbyWing XeRun XR10 Pro EliteFutaba 7PX [28] Report
2023 United States Michael “Tater” Sontag TLR22 5.0 DC ELITE HobbyWing G3 7.0TFantom Pro 2.0M12SProtek 4800mAh [29] Report
2025 United States Broc Champlin SchumacherCougar LD3 Hobbywing Xerun V10 G3 8.0THobbywing Xerun XR10 Pro G3Sanwa M17 / PowerHD GTS-3 [30][31] Report
4WD
1987 Japan Masami Hirosaka SchumacherCAT XL HPI UNO Blue Label KO Propo CX-I KO Propo Esprit UNO [11] Report
1989 Japan Masami Hirosaka YokomoYZ-870C Reedy KO Propo CX-III KO Propo Esprit [12] Report
1991 United States Cliff Lett YokomoYZ-10 Works'91 Reedy Mr. M Novak 410-M1c Airtronics Reedy [13] Report
1993 Japan Masami Hirosaka YokomoYZ-10 WC Special ReedyNovak 410-HPcKO Propo Esprit IISanyo [14][15] Report
1995 United States Mark Pavidis YokomoYZ-10 Reedy Sonic LRP ICS Digital Airtronics CS2P Sanyo [16] Report
1997 Japan Masami Hirosaka YokomoMX-4 ReedyTekin M-Star RedKO Propo Esprit VantageYokomo [17] Report
1999 Finland Jukka Steenari LosiXX-4 Orion ChromeNovak CycloneSanwa M8Orion V-Max [18] Report
2002 Finland Jukka Steenari LosiXX-4 OrionNovakSanwa M8Orion [32] Report
2003 United States Ryan Cavalieri LosiXXX-4 Trinity D5Novak GTXAirtronics M8Trinity [33] Report
2005 United States Ryan Cavalieri JConceptsBJ4 Worlds Ed. Trinity Epic ShockLRP QC3Airtronics M11Trinity [21] Report
2007 United States Jared Tebo AssociatedRC10B44 Checkpoint LRP QC3 Futaba 3PK Super Autopoint [34] Report
2009 Germany Martin Achter Team DurangoDEX410 CS Magnetic Delta CS Rocket Competition Sanwa M11X [35] Report
2011 United States Ryan Cavalieri AssociatedRC10B44.1 Orion Vortex VST Pro Orion Vortex R10 Pro Airtronics M11X Orion CBN Pro 5500 90Deg Saddle Lipo [36] Report
2013 United States Steven Hartson AssociatedRC10B44.2 LRP Vector X20 LRP Flow WorksTeam Futaba 4PKS-R [37] Report
2015 Portugal Bruno Coelho XRayXB4 16 LRP Vector X20 LRP Flow WorksTeam Sanwa M12S LRP Report
2017 United States Ryan Maifield YokomoYZ-4 SF Team Orion VST2 Team Orion HMX Sanwa M12S Orion [27] Report
2019 Portugal Bruno Coelho XrayXB4 20 HobbyWing XeRun V10 G3 HobbyWing XeRun XR10 Pro Elite Sanwa M17 Report
2023 Italy Davide Ongaro AssociatedRC10B74.2 Hobbywing v10 g3 Hobbywing xr10 G2s Sanwa Sunpadow Report
2025 Denmark Marcus Kaerup AssociatedRC1084D Hobbywing Xerun V10 G3 6.5T Hobbywing Xerun XR10 Pro G3 Sanwa M17 / Savox SB3262SG Team EAM 4200mAh [38] Report

Significance to the other Worlds events

[edit]

As it is considered by the industry to be the most prestigious event in radio-controlled modelling, in an attempt to "generate sale revenue from their products”,[39] it has attracted some of the biggest brands from the hobby and toy industries that included Nikko,[39] Tomy,[40] Tamiya[39] and Traxxas.[41] Only the latter two had greater success at the A-mains with Tamiya achieving 2nd by Lee Martin in 2013[42] and Scott Montgomery's 8th for Traxxas in 1991, both in 2WD.

At the 1989 Worlds, it was claimed by Radio Control Car Action that virtually every manufacturers, who had a 1:10 buggy on the market, was represented. In a bid to add to their 1987 4WD Title; Schumacher, a title sponsor, handed out their latest 2wd car, the Top Cat, to any contender who was interested in representing them.[39]

As a number of manufacturers spend a large sums of money to prepare their teams to ensure a win, as a result a number of those enforce secrecy to protect their prototypes from view. In one notable example, Team Associated, who was the only brand to field a prototype, refused to allow it to be photographed, covering their RC10 up with a towel on anybody who tried to and when forced an Australian team member to hand his film over as he managed to take a few shot of its exposed chassis during technical inspection. Losi in comparison managed to escape scrutiny as experimental two-speed transmission was kept secret and gave misleading answers to prying eyes. They switched to their conventional transmissions in the finals.[39] By the time of the 1991 Worlds, this practice was enforced by a majority of manufacturers.[43] This was in contrast to the 1986 IFMAR 1:8 IC Off-Road World Championship, when Japanese entrants from Kyosho clearly knew their outdated cars had little chance against their European competitors, freely took numerous photographs of their competitor's cars to benefit their research. The outcome became the Burns in late-1987 and then, at the turn of the decade came the highly successful Inferno series that dominated racing from then on.[44]

To prepare for the 1989 event, Yokomo technicians famously collected soil sample on the track for analysis back in Japan. They were allegedly spotted by locals wheeling around the circuit, a cart that had a video camera mounted on it to get a car's eye view of the track. The result was a duplicate of the track that became the Yatabe Arena back home.[39] Nowadays, regulation require the circuit to be altered at over 60% of its layout, had it been used prior to commencement date and closed for a 2-day minimum, 3-day maximum prior to then.[45][46]

Good preparation is key to winning as opposed to accessibility to prototype arts as Associated learned in 1993; when they felt their standard issue, aluminium chassis RC10 was best suited to the circuit, mechanics proceeded to modify Brian Kinwald's chassis by rounding its square edges. Its suspension arms was molded from a more rigid graphite.[47]

Teams and drivers are prepared to bend rules in an attempt to win. In 1989, Yokomo's TR-31 tires, only made available to Yokomo and Associated drivers, became a subject of scrutiny due to its size, given the speed its Yokomos and Associated were going.

The tires, were 2+1⁄4 inches tall (equivalent to 22 inch in full scale) which was illegal under ROAR regulation (maximum 2 inches) though IFMAR did not have such restrictions and was shipped in 30 boxes of tires from Japan. In comparison, Associated was quick to point out to the critics that at the 1987 Worlds, Kyosho fielded tires on its Ultima that was too wide for ROAR regulations.

Team Losi in retaliation, countered this by taking all the stops in the States to produce and ship over 100 pairs of oversize front tires, 200 pairs of rears and five sets of hand-machined aluminum wheels across the Pacific. The tires, only permitted on its JR-X2, ended with mixed results for drivers as the rim ended up being bent out of shape and discarded for Losi's standard wheel.[48][39]

Some who attempted to bend the rules were not lucky such as at the 1993 Worlds; the electric motor of Ben Sturnham's Schumacher CAT 2000 was found with a hybrid motor illegal under IFMAR regulation regardless if it was compliant with the host country BRCA's regulations, his Tanaplan motor consisted of parts by other manufacturer of approved motors including Epic can and armature with Yokomo endbell. Sturnham had his 3rd-place finish demoted to a 10th place after all his lap times was removed despite protests by Tanaplan's Martin Finnesey that it offered no performance enhancement.CITEREFHowell1993[49]

Schedule

[edit]

A maximum of 150 drivers take part, each continental blocs allocated 32 entries each, the host bloc an extra 10 and the final 10 allocated by IFMAR themselves; should any allocation be left unused, it would be reallocated to the remaining blocs. The event takes place over eight days in total with the first reserved for competitor's registration followed by its opening ceremony in the afternoon then the two sets of three days for competitions.

The competitions begin with a minimum of six practice rounds over groups of fifteen consisting of ten drivers each, starting with the less experienced, this determines the number of heats required and the minimum time needed between rounds.[50] Each heat consists of drivers who are ranked in order of priority; final ranking in the previous Worlds, then those of each countries and the domestic entrants and additional entries.[51] In this case, in the 2015 Worlds, debutants Spencer Rivkin and Bruno Coehlo started at the lower-to-mid practice group 6 and 11 respectively, whereas Steven Hartson, Jared Tebo, Naoto Matsukura and Lee Martin start together in group 15 as the former two are defending champions and the latter given their performance or seeding in their home blocs whereas Travis Amezcua and David Ronnefalk, despite appearing at the A-main once previously, starts in practice group 14.[51] Usually the final rounds are used as controlled practice.[50] At the 2015 Worlds, practice rounds consisted of four rounds of open practice and two rounds of seeding practice to group the drivers together by skill level.[52] The second day of competition, following the second controlled practice, consists of four rounds of qualifying heats and for day three; the final qualifying session and race day. For each qualifying session, a group of up to ten cars start under the "staggered start" system (a driver each starting separately within of one second of being called).[53]

After each 5 minute qualifying session, the best qualifier of the round is awarded zero points, 2 and 3 points for the 2nd and 3rd fastest qualifier and so on with the most points given to the slowest qualifier. Of five rounds in total, the best three overall performances (as opposed to lap times in full-sized motorsport) counts toward the driver's overall performance, two best rounds count toward three or four rounds completed and one round count toward two or one rounds. After all the points are totaled up, the driver with the fewest points is the best qualifier, thus is awarded a TQ (Top Qualifier) spot, enabling them to start in front of each round. Should they tie in points with another driver, the one with the lowest points score of the three is used to break the tie, if this fails, then the next set of points will be used until the tie is broken. If the points fail to break the tie, then the driver's laps and time from the lowest score will be used.[54]

The groups are then split into ten groups of ten drivers in alphabets, pending on their performance in qualifying with A being the fastest of the groups[55] Race day starts with the slowest groups first, working its way to the next faster groups up to the fastest, the A-main, then progresses to the 2nd heat. Each race runs for a total of five minutes with extra time to allow the driver to complete their laps.[56] Only the A-main, the group that carries the only hope of taking the world championship title, has three heats with only two best performances that counts and a final practice in the afternoon during race day[57][58] and the rest run under a single 5 minute heat.[52]

Following the conclusion of the first championship, the event will have an off day as the circuit would have to be rebuilt and reconfigured to a different layout required by IFMAR regulations as accordingly the two Worlds are considered to be a separate events.[59] The practice would instead start with drivers who are ranked according to their performance in 2WD the day before.[60]

Statistics

[edit]

Multiple Champions

[edit]


Winning Equipment

[edit]

Car manufacturers

[edit]

Motors

[edit]

ESC

[edit]

Transmitters

[edit]


Winning Drivers

[edit]

By Member Blocs (Drivers)

[edit]

Win(s) by Nations (Drivers)

[edit]

Most represented in final

[edit]

Note: Italics on year represents in which a driver of the country or car manufacturer who failed to score a championship title, italics on nationalities indicate host nation.

Nations (drivers)

[edit]

Car manufacturers

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑ Numerous sources promoted the event as taken place in Romsey.
  2. ↑ Numerous sources promoted the event as taken place in Detroit.
  3. ↑ Because of the September 11 attacks which occurred prior to the championships, the event was delayed until 2002. See also list of entertainment affected by the September 11 attacks.

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "1/10th World Championships" (PDF). Rc10talk.com. Retrieved 2015-08-25.
  2. ↑ "Track Focus – Yatabe Arena » Red RC – Events". Events.redrc.net. Retrieved 2015-11-05.
  3. ↑ Helger Racing 1987, pp. 16.
  4. ↑ "Red RC Events » EP Buggy Worlds open in Finland".
  5. ↑ "Red RC Events » Track Focus – Silver Dollar R/C Raceway".
  6. ↑ "Red RC Events » Track Focus – Yatabe Arena".
  7. ↑ "Red RC Events » Track Focus – Xiamen ARC International Raceway".
  8. ↑ Chris (2022-10-07). "Hobby Action RC Raceway to host 2023 IFMAR worlds 1/10th off-road championship". Circus RC News (in French). Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  9. 1 2 Tobey, Mike (September–October 1985). "1/10 Off-Road World Championships". Radio Race Car.
  10. 1 2 "RC10Talk.com - View topic - Jammin Jays 4WD Prototype RC10". rc10talk.com. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  11. 1 2 Blandin, Denis (October 1987). "Championnat du Monde Romsey" (PDF). Auto8 (in French) (27).
  12. 1 2 Hustings, Gene (December 1989). "1989 1/10 Off-Road World Champs". Radio Race Car.
  13. 1 2 Chaplin, Keith (October 1991). "1991 1/10 Off-Road World Championships". Radio Race Car.
  14. 1 2 RCMC team (November 1993). "Kinwald King Masami: Amazing (part 1/2)". Radio Control Model Cars.Radio Control Model Cars,
  15. 1 2 RCMC team (November 1993). "Kinwald King Masami: Amazing (part 2/2)". Radio Control Model Cars.
  16. 1 2 Husting, Gene (November 1995). "Yet Associated and Yokomo Dominate: The 1995 IFMAR 1/10 Off-Road World Championships". Radio Race Car.
  17. 1 2 Howell, John (December 1997). "1997 IFMAR Off-Road Worlds". Radio Control Car Action. Air Age Media.
  18. 1 2 "IFMAR Off-Road Worlds" (PDF). R/C Car. November 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-02-05.
  19. ↑ Lionel Troyon / adaptaweb. "RC Infos ¦ Site informatif sur le modélisme". rcinfos.com. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  20. ↑ Lionel Troyon / adaptaweb. "RC Infos ¦ Site informatif sur le modélisme". rcinfos.com. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  21. 1 2 Higgins, Matt; Vieira, Peter (November 2005). "IFMAR Electric Off-Road Worlds". Radio Control Car Action. Retrieved 2015-08-25.
  22. ↑ "2007 IFMAR off road world championships - Japan - oOple.com". oople.com. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  23. ↑ "EP Off Road 2WD Progress Report". Archived from the original on December 13, 2009. Retrieved 2015-07-26.
  24. ↑ "Cavalieri gets his 2WD World title » Red RC – Events". redrc.net. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  25. ↑ "Jared Tebo is 2WD World Champion". neobuggy.net. Archived from the original on 30 September 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  26. ↑ "Rivkin takes 2WD title at Yatabe". neobuggy.net. Archived from the original on 2015-11-10. Retrieved 2015-10-07.
  27. 1 2 "China to host 2017 IFMAR EP Offroad Worlds". Red RC. 25 August 2016. Retrieved 2016-09-03.
  28. ↑ "Spencer Rivkin takes IFMAR 2WD World Championship". Red RC. 2019-09-17. Retrieved 2019-09-20.
  29. ↑ "Red RC Events » 16-year-old Sontag crowned World Champion in Arizona". Red RC.
  30. ↑ "Champlin on top of the World Down Under – Schumacher gets first 2WD World title". 2 October 2025.
  31. ↑ "Red RC Events » Chassis Focus – Broc Champlin (Schumacher)".
  32. ↑ Lionel Troyon / adaptaweb. "RC Infos ¦ Site informatif sur le modélisme". rcinfos.com. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  33. ↑ Lionel Troyon / adaptaweb. "RC Infos ¦ Site informatif sur le modélisme". rcinfos.com. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  34. ↑ "2007 IFMAR off road world championships - Japan - oOple.com". oople.com. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  35. ↑ Henk Lamberts. "4WD Report". trap.co.za. Archived from the original on 9 October 2011.
  36. ↑ "Neumann & Tebo join Cavalieri on World Championship podium » Red RC – Events". redrc.net. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  37. ↑ "Hartson wins A3 Thriller: World Champion". neobuggy.net. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  38. ↑ "Chassis Focus – Marcus Kaerup (Team Associated 4WD)".
  39. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Houle 1990, pp. 41–56.
  40. ↑ Huber 1991, pp. 107–111.
  41. ↑ Waldron, Aaron. "FLASHBACK FRIDAY: Traxxas' racing heyday". LiveRC.com. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
  42. ↑ "Lee Martin Takes 2nd at 2013 IFMAR Electric Worlds!". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  43. ↑ Pond 1991, pp. 38–56.
  44. ↑ NeoBuggyA 2012.
  45. ↑ IFMAR 2015, 1.5.4.
  46. ↑ IFMAR 2015, 1.5.1.
  47. ↑ Howellb 1993, pp. A7–A15.
  48. ↑ Husting 1990, pp. 47–50, 80–82.
  49. ↑ "RC10Talk.com - View topic - 1993 IFMAR Worlds Radio Race Car-Oct 1993". rc10talk.com.
  50. 1 2 1.51, p2, IFMAR 1/10 2015 Off-Road Rules
  51. 1 2 "2WD Class Preliminary Starting Order" (PDF). 2015epoffroadworlds.wordpress.com. 2015-10-01. Retrieved 2025-11-08.
  52. 1 2 "WORLDS: Live broadcast schedule for 2015 IFMAR Electric Off-Road World Championships :: LiveRC.com – R/C Car News, Pictures, Videos, and More". liverc.com.
  53. ↑ 1.10.8, p5, IFMAR 1/10 2015 Off-Road Rules
  54. ↑ 1.7, p4, IFMAR 1/10 2015 Off-Road Rules
  55. ↑ 1.8, p4-5, IFMAR 1/10 2015 Off-Road Rules
  56. ↑ 1.10.3, p4-5, IFMAR 1/10 Off-Road 2015 Rules
  57. ↑ 1.8.1, p5, IFMAR 1/10 2015 Off-Road Rules
  58. ↑ 1.8.4, p5, IFMAR 1/10 2015 Off-Road Rules
  59. ↑ "'From Race Control' – Day 3 of 2WD Buggy » Red RC – Events". Redrc.net. Retrieved 2015-08-25.
  60. ↑ "4WD Class Preliminary Starting Order" (PDF). 2015epoffroadworlds.wordpress.com. 2015-10-07. Retrieved 2025-11-08.

Bibliography

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IFMAR_1:10_Electric_Off-Road_World_Championships&oldid=1363850739"