Swisscom 2025 security.txt challenge: full writeup

#!/usr/bin/env ruby
=begin
What's this?
https://github.com/swisscom/securitytxt/blob/master/challenges/2025.woz
How did I solve this? (how to replicate)
1. convert 2025.woz to a.dsk using https://github.com/leesaudan2/woz2dsk
1. patch the dsk with this file
1. load the a.dsk up in https://www.scullinsteel.com/apple2/
   (or https://github.com/AppleWin/AppleWin)
1. type in "brun flag" (you will get flag)
Useful stuff:
- dos fs description: http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/Apple_DOS_file_system
- 6502 disassembler: https://masswerk.at/6502/disassembler.html
- a2tools to dump stuff from .dsk: https://github.com/seanwallawalla/CatsEye_A2Tools
- debugging some of the hangs via `call -151` and then 80.99 (to dump memory)
=end
require 'pp'
def read_ts(file, track, sector)
  file.seek((track*16+sector)*256)
  file.read(256)
end
def write_ts(file, track, sector, offset, bytes)
  file.seek((track*16+sector)*256 + offset)
  file.write(bytes)
end
def human_name(name)
  name.map { |x| (x ^ 0x80).chr }.join.strip
end
File.open('a.dsk', 'r+b:ascii-8bit') do |f|
  # read catalog, figure out where it lives
  sec = read_ts(f, 17, 0).bytes
  # read first page of catalog (directory), find files
  cat = read_ts(f, sec[1], sec[2]).bytes
  for file in cat[0xb..-1].each_slice(35).to_a
    track, sector, type = *file[0,3]
    name = file[3,30]
    len = file[0x21,2]
    #p [track, sector, type, len, human_name(name)] unless [0, 0xff].include?(track)
    if ['FLAG', 'GLOBAL THERMONUCLEAR WAR'].include?(human_name(name))
      puts human_name(name)
      pp({ts: [track, sector], type: type, len: len})
      # get tracklist
      tl = read_ts(f, track, sector).bytes # tracklist
      #p tl
      next_tl = tl[1,2]
      sec_off = tl[5,2] # sector offset
      pp({next_tl: next_tl, sec_off: sec_off})
      file_sectors = tl[0xc..-1].each_slice(2).to_a.reject { |x| x == [0,0] }
      p :data
      for sec in file_sectors
	pp({sector: sec})
	sec_data = read_ts(f, *sec).bytes
	pp({sector_data: sec_data[0,15]})
	break
      end
      # patch it?
      if human_name(name) == 'FLAG'
	write_ts(f, *file_sectors.first, 0, [
	  3, 8, # load addr
	  0xff-4, 80, # size
	  0x20, 0x58, 0xfc, # clr scrn
	  # this took a while to debug... otherwise it was hanging
	  # but strangely typing `X` before the `brun flag` made it
	  # work. so then just grep for `LDA \$..$`, dump, and minify
	  0xa9, 0x58, # lda ...
	  0x85, 0x81, # sta 81
	  0x20, 0, 0x40, # JSR $4000
	  0x60, # rts
	  # FIXME it hangs after displaying flag and <Esc>, but meh
	].pack('C*'))
	pp({patched: read_ts(f, *file_sectors.first).bytes[0,15]})
	puts %[Patching done, now load it up... then: "brun flag"]
      end
      puts
    end
  end
end