Recent content on Vishal Chovatiya
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A coroutine is one of the major feature introduced with the C++20 standard apart from Module, Ranges & Concept. And you see how happy I am to unfold it. I already set the baseline on this topic with my previous article that Coroutine in C Language, where we saw, how suspension-resumption of execution works! With this article “C++20 Coroutine: Under The Hood”, we will see how compiler…
It’s been quite a while that I haven’t published anything on my blog. But that’s due to the job change. I hope you understand that it has never been easy to re-settle in a new environment with new people while maintaining a steep technical learning curve. It takes time to tune yourself accordingly. Anyways, I wrote on “Coroutine in C Language” as a pre-pend to my…
This page gives you a quick start index for entire blog, segregated topic-wise: C++ Fundamentals Memory Layout of C++ Object in Different Scenarios Inside the C++ Object Model Part 1: All About Virtual Keyword in C++: How Does Virtual Function Works Internally? Part 2: All About Virtual Keyword in C++: How Does Virtual Base Class Works Internally? Part 3: All About Virtual Keyword in C++: How Does…
Do not get carried away with tittle Mastering C++. This is a never-ending journey. Because ISOCPP is releasing the baby elephants every three years. With the standard covering almost 1500 pages currently, C++ is not the simplest language to learn and master. I have spent quite enough time in the industry. But still feel imposter sometimes. It’s been quite a while I was thinking of sharing my…
Regular expressions (or regex in short) is a much-hated & underrated topic so far with Modern C++. But at the same time, correct use of regex can spare you writing many lines of code. If you have spent quite enough time in the industry. And not knowing regex then you are missing out on 20-30% productivity. In that case, I highly recommend you to learn regex, as it is one-time investment(something…
std::map and its siblings(std::multimap, std::unordered_map/multimap) used to be my favourite containers when I was doing competitive programming. In fact, I still like them(though using less frequently nowadays). And with Modern C++, we now have more reasons to use std::map. That’s why I have decided to address this topic by writing an article summarizing these new features. So, without…
Curiously Recurring Template Pattern(CRTP) in C++ is definitely a powerful technique & static alternative to virtual functions. But at the same time, learning it may seem a bit weird at first. If you are like me who struggled to grasp anything in one go. Then this article might help you to provide a thought process on where CRTP fits in day-to-day coding. And, if you are an Embedded Programmer,…
I know, it’s been a while since the last time I published something newbies-friendly on my blog. The main reason is that most of my readers are either experienced devs or from C background having modest C++ encounter. But while programming in C++ you need a completely different mindset as both C & C++ belongs to different programming paradigm. And I always strive to show them a better way of doing…
From C++11, std::tuple is an incredible expansion to Modern C++, that offers a fixed-size collection of heterogeneous values. Unfortunately, tuples can be somewhat dubious to manage in a conventional fashion. But, subsequently released C++ standard introduced a few features & helpers that greatly reduce the necessary boilerplate. So, in this article, I will explain the variadic…
In the embedded systems/SoCs, Watchdog Timer(WDT) is the basic, subtle and essential circuit/ic. No matter, how good you write your firmware/software. There are always unexpected situations like your program may stick in an infinite loop, hung somewhere or hardware burn-out/failure. To combat these unexpected situations, we need some circuitry that keeps monitoring the main system/application and…
Double Dispatch in C++ is a mechanism that dispatches a function call to different concrete functions depending on the runtime types of two objects involved in the call. In more simple words, its function calling using two different virtual tables of respective two objects. I know this sounds cryptic, but don’t worry I will come to double dispatch solution after trying most of the naive…
So you know how to code in general, understand the object-oriented programming, learned C++, and completed at least one Software Development Course (if you’re not there yet, these articles aren’t for you). You can write software easily if you know at least one programming language, but is your code any good? Could it be done any better? Is it clean (and what on earth does that mean)? Is your…
This is the second part of a five-part article series about SOLID as Rock design principle. The SOLID design principles, when combined together, make it easy for a programmer to craft software that is easy to maintain, reuse & extend. Open-Closed Principle(OCP) is the second principle in this series which I will discuss here with minimalistic example in Modern C++ along with its benefits & generic…
This article is the first part of a five-part series about SOLID as Rock design principle series. The SOLID design principles focus on developing software that is easy to maintainable, reusable & extendable. In this article, we will see an example of the Single Responsibility Principle in C++ along with its benefits & generic guideline. By the way, If you want to directly jumps to other design…
After hitting a certain level of experience & spending quite enough time in the industry, I have realised the importance of designing/architecting system & software. So I have started looking into system/software design & got to know nothing can better start than a Design Pattern. And the first thing I have done is googling “What is Design Pattern?” Hence got the idea of this article.…
In software engineering, Creational Design Patterns deal with object creation mechanisms, trying to create objects in a manner suitable to the situation. The basic or ordinary form of object creation could result in design problems or added complexity to the design. Builder Design Pattern in C++ solves this specific problem by separating the construction of a complex object from its…
Dependency Inversion Principle in C++ is the fifth & last design principle of a series SOLID as a Rock design principles. The SOLID design principles focus on developing software that is easy to maintainable, reusable & extendable. In this article, we will see an example code with the flaw & correct it with help of DIP. We will also see guideline & benefits of DIP in closure of the article.
In software engineering, Creational Design Patterns deal with object creation mechanisms, i.e. try to create objects in a manner suitable to the situation. In addition to this basic or ordinary form of object creation could result in design problems or added complexity to the design. Factory Design Pattern in C++ helps to mitigate this issue by creating objects using separate methods or…
Interface Segregation Principle in C++ is the fourth & by far the simplest design principle of a series SOLID as a Rock design principles. The SOLID design principles focus on developing software that is easy to maintainable, reusable & extendable. In this article, we will see a code violating ISP, a solution to the same code, guideline & benefits of ISP. By the way, If you haven’t gone…
Prototype Design Pattern is a Creational Design Pattern that helps in the prototyping(creating/copying cheaply) of an object using separate methods or polymorphic classes. You can consider the prototype as a template of an object before the actual object is constructed. In this article of the Creational Design Patterns, we’re going to take a look at why we need a Prototype Design Pattern in…
In software engineering, Creational Design Patterns deal with object creation mechanisms, i.e. try to create objects in a manner suitable to the situation. The basic or ordinary form of object creation could result in design problems or added complexity to the design. In this article of the Creational Design Patterns, we’re going to take a look at the much-hated & commonly asked design…
SRP – Single Responsibility Principle OCP – Open/Closed Principle LSP – Liskov Substitution Principle ISP – Interface Segregation Principle DIP – Dependency Inversion Principle
In software engineering, Structural Design Patterns deal with the relationship between object & classes i.e. how object & classes interact or build a relationship in a manner suitable to the situation. The structural design patterns simplify the structure by identifying relationships. In this article of the Structural Design Patterns, we’re going to take a look at Adapter Design Pattern in…
Bridge Design Pattern is a Structural Design Pattern used to decouple a class into two parts – abstraction and it’s implementation – so that both can be developed independently. This promotes the loose coupling between class abstraction & its implementation. You get this decoupling by adding one more level of indirection i.e. an interface which acts as a bridge between your original class &…
GoF describes the Composite Design Pattern as “Compose objects into a tree structure to represent part-whole hierarchies. Composite lets the client treat individual objects and compositions of objects uniformly”. This seems over-complicated to me. So, I would not go into tree-leaf kind of jargon. Rather I directly saw you 2 or 3 different ways to implement Composite Design Pattern in Modern C++.…
In software engineering, Structural Design Patterns deal with the relationship between object & classes i.e. how object & classes interact or build a relationship in a manner suitable to the situation. The Structural Design Patterns simplify the structure by identifying relationships. In this article of the Structural Design Patterns, we’re going to take a look at the not so complex yet…
Facade Design Pattern is a Structural Design Pattern used to provide a unified interface to a complex system. It is same as Facade in building architecture, a Facade is an object that serves as a front-facing interface masking a more complex underlying system. A Facade Design Pattern in C++ can: Improve the readability & usability of a software library by masking interaction with more complex…
Flyweight Design Pattern is a Structural Design Pattern that concerned with space optimization. It is a technique to minimizes memory footprint by sharing or avoiding redundancy as much as possible with other similar objects. Flyweight Design Pattern in Modern C++ is often used in a situation where object count is higher which uses an unacceptable amount of memory. Often some parts of these…
In software engineering, Structural Design Patterns deal with the relationship between objects i.e. how objects/classes interact or build a relationship in a manner suitable to the situation. The Structural Design Patterns simplify the structure by identifying relationships. In this article of the Structural Design Patterns, we’re going to take a look at Proxy Design Pattern in C++ which…
Chain of Responsibility is a Behavioural Design Pattern that provides facility to propagate event/request/command/query to the chain of loosely coupled objects. Chain of Responsibility Design Pattern in Modern C++ lets you pass requests along a chain of handlers & upon receiving a request, each handler decides either to process the request or to forward it to the next handler in the chain. By the…
In software engineering, Behavioural Design Patterns deal with the assignment of responsibilities between objects which in turn make the interaction between the objects easy & loosely coupled. In this article of the Behavioural Design Patterns, we’re going to take a look at Command Design Pattern in Modern C++ which encapsulate all the details related to operation into a separate object.…
Interpreter Design Pattern is a Behavioural Design Pattern which is a component that processes structured text data by turning it into separate lexical tokens(lexing) and then interpreting sequences of tokens(parsing). In this article, we will see the Interpreter Design Pattern in Modern C++. By the way, If you haven’t check out my other articles on Behavioural Design Patterns, then here is the…
Iterator Design Pattern in Modern C++ is a heavily used pattern i.e. provides facility to traverse data containers sophistically. For simplicity, you can consider a pointer moving across an array, but the real magic comes when you get to the next element of a container, in that case, you need not know anything about how the container is constructed(like sequential(not necessarily be contiguous),…
In software engineering, Behavioural Design Patterns deal with the assignment of responsibilities between objects & encapsulating behaviour in an object to delegate requests. In this article of the Behavioural Design Patterns, we’re going to take a look at Mediator Design Pattern in Modern C++. And the motivation behind the Mediator Design Pattern is to provide proper communication between…
Memento Design Pattern in Modern C++ is a very straight forward Behavioural Design Pattern. The motivation behind using the Memento Design Pattern is to keep some sort of token which then allows you to restore an object to a particular state. This is particularly useful if you have a system with medieval components i.e. an object or indeed a set of objects goes through a set of changes. By the…
The Observer Design Pattern is a type of Behavioural Design Pattern that use to get information when certain events happen i.e. basically one component want information about something happening in the other component. And that can a lot of things like a field changes to a particular value or you want to information when the object does a particular thing, etc. Observer Design Pattern in Modern…
In software engineering, Behavioural Design Patterns deal with the assignment of responsibilities between objects. That in turn, make the interaction between the objects easy & loosely coupled. In this article of the design pattern series, we’re going to take a look at Visitor Design Pattern in Modern C++ which is also known as a classic technique for recovering lost type information(using…
A State Design Pattern is a type of Behavioural Design Pattern that defines objects behaviour(defined as a state) based on some event happens. And that can be the internal or external event. For example, if you design an ATM machine using the State Design Pattern, the external event could be someone inserted debit/credit card & internal event could be a user timeout. So in nutshell, the State…
In software engineering, Behavioural Design Patterns deal with the assignment of responsibilities between objects which in turn make the interaction between the objects easy & loosely coupled. In this article of the Behavioural Design Pattern series, we’re going to take a look at Strategy Design Pattern in Modern C++. It allows you to partially specify the behaviour of the class and then…
In software engineering, Behavioural Design Patterns deal with the assignment of responsibilities between objects. And encapsulating behaviour in an object to delegate requests. The Behavioural Design Patterns make the interaction between the objects easy & loosely coupled. In this article of the design pattern series, we’re going to take a look at Template Method Design Pattern in Modern…
Factory Builder Prototype Singleton
Chain of responsibility Command Interpreter Iterator Mediator Memento Observer State Strategy Template Method Visitor
The code snippets you see throughout this series of articles are simplified not sophisticated. So you often see me not using keywords like override, final, public(while inheritance) just to make code compact & consumable(most of the time) in single standard screen size. I also prefer struct instead of class just to save line by not writing “public:” sometimes and also miss virtual…
Adapter Bridge Composite Decorator Facade Flyweight Proxy
The answer to “What exactly nullptr is in C++?” would be a piece of cake for experienced C++ eyes & for those who are aware of Modern C++ i.e. keyword. But nullptr is more than just a keyword in C++ & to explain that, I have written this article. But before jump-into it, we will see issues with NULL & then we’ll dive into the unsophisticated implementation of nullptr & some…
So I have started updating myself with Modern C++ a while ago & since my post 21 new features of Modern C++ to use in your project & All about lambda function in C++ was popular I decided to write about advance C++ concepts & idioms which I have learned from this wikibook & course. There are many other advance C++ concepts & idioms as well but I consider these 7 as “should-know”.
Exception handling in C++ is a well-unschooled topic if you observe initial stages of the learning curve. There are numerous tutorials available online on exception handling in C++. But few explains what you should not do & intricacies around it. So here I am to bridge the gap & show you some intricacies, from where & why you should not throw an exception and C++ exception handling best practices.…
So, you came across the Modern C++ & overwhelmed by its features in terms of performance, convenience & code expressiveness. But in a dilemma that how you can spot where you can enforce Modern C++ features in your day to day coding job. No worries, here we will see 21 new features of Modern C++ you can use in your project. C++ community releasing new standards more frequently than iPhone releases.
Lambda function is quite an intuitive & widely loved feature introduced in C++11. And, there are tons of articles & tutorials already available on the topic. But, there are very few or none of them touched upon things like IIFE, types of lambda and newer updates on lambda by subsequent standard releases. So, I got the opportunity to fill the blank. I will start this article with what is lambda…
In an earlier article, we have seen C runtime: before starting main & How C program stored in RAM memory. Here we will see “How C program converts into assembly?” and different aspect of its working at the machine level. A Bit About Functions Stack Frames During function code execution, a new stack frame is created in stack memory to allow access to function parameters and local…