Optimizing Tool Selection for LLM Workflows: Differentiable Programming with PyTorch and DSPy
Update: Trended on Page 1 on HN for the whole weekend! Part 2 coming soon! Thanks for all the feedback. Hackernews discussion How local…
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From Prompts to Programs: Why We Need a Compiler for LLMs
Early computing started with logic gates. We wrote in binary because we could reason about how bits flowed through circuits. As complexity…
Three Futures for AI
We’re racing toward something. Whether it’s AGI or another false summit, the scale of what we’re building is hard to ignore. There are only…
When Software Starts To Listen
Most software today is basically deaf. You poke at it, and if you’re lucky, it does what you want. But it doesn’t listen. Not really. That’s…
Prompt Engineering Is the New Assembly Language
There’s a belief circulating in AI circles right now that a cleverly written prompt is proprietary gold. That if you can coax the right…
Ops, AI Did It Again
As we create more autonomous tools like @Anthropic Claude Code and @OpenAI Codex, it’s getting more important to understand how to rein in…
The Coming Ambient Discrimination: You’re not being watched. You’re being predicted
What people aren’t talking about yet, surprisingly or maybe not, is how @OpenAI is going to have the most insidiously detailed experiential…
What happens when AI is the journalist in the group chat?
Yesterday’s Signal mishap — where a journalist was mistakenly added to a White House group chat about military planning — wasn’t a technical…
Text prompts won’t scale for coding
Everyone’s buzzing about “prompt engineering” or “vibe coding” using tools like Cursor or Windsurf to turn text prompts into code. It feels…
AI Doesn’t Just Need More Compute — It Needs Better Ways to Think
AI reasoning is often misunderstood. We assume that once a model is trained, it simply retrieves knowledge and applies it to solve complex…
Code Less, Express More: 5 Principles for the LLM Compiler Paradigm
We've traditionally thought of programming as carefully translating our ideas line-by-line into code. But what if writing explicit code isn…
Understanding Microsoft’s New Quantum Breakthrough: A Simple Yet Deep Guide (No PhD Needed)
Microsoft recently announced the Majorana-1 quantum processor, hailed as a breakthrough in quantum computing. Media coverage often glosses…
An IDE for Ideas: Rethinking Code in the Age of AI
We’ve LLM-powered Microsoft VSCode. Engineers now build at speeds that were once unimaginable—with @cursor_ai and @windsurf_ai leading the…
Why Meta open sourced AI to save its future
AI is rewriting the rules of tech dominance, and Mark Zuckerberg is playing a high-stakes game to keep Meta in the fight. Once an…
Heavy metal computing: Foundational AI is the new space race
When people think of a country showcasing its technological might, they might recall the early days of nuclear breakthroughs or iconic space…
AI sovereignty: Understanding India’s AI chip potential in the global GPU race
Yesterday, I discussed the three pillars of AI sovereignty. Today, I’m diving into the first pillar—hardware fabrication—and examining where…
What does AI sovereignty mean for a country? 3 pillars to dominate the AI arms race
AI is becoming a cornerstone of national power. Nations are locked in an escalating AI arms race, as witnessed even this week at the Paris…
Empire of algorithms: America’s blueprint for global AI control
JD Vance’s recent Paris address was less about championing democratic AI, and more a mirror of U.S. companies’ relentless push for fewer…
Telling your story: The human art of writing in an AI world
Over the years, I’ve had the good fortune to build two startups supported by amazing people. In my evolution as a founder, I realized that…
The end of the end user: When consumers become co-creators
In the most literal sense, an “end user” is someone who receives a final product. Someone who has no hand in its design or development. But…
AI disrupted how we create content. Crypto will redefine how we value it.
It is abundantly clear that AI slop is here to stay. We’re in an era of cheap, disposable, shallow content so generic that it barely holds…
From parrots to prodigies: Why scaling alone won’t make AI truly smart
While industry leaders like Sam Altman and Dario Amodei tout that more compute, more data, and ever-lower loss are the keys to AGI, much of…
AI empowers developers: Entering the era of augmentation, not obsolescence
There’s a clamor that AI is going to crash software developer salaries and render them obsolete. Some companies are already saying they won…
Replicating the calculated madness of human brains: Can we teach AI to make irrational decisions?
Chaos may be the catalyst that pushes AI to the next level. Ten years ago, I asked a question: Can there be an algorithm for creativity? I…
The rise of 1 billion casual developers: software is no longer a product. It's a medium
For decades, software was built by professionals. Now, a billion people are making it — without realizing they’re developers. Casual…
Survival for sale: 3 ways AI turns climate disaster into a business model — without us noticing
When disaster strikes, AI won’t ask who deserves to be saved. It’ll ask: who paid for priority access? There’s an old machine learning story…
Thoughts on Dwarkesh’s essay on fully automated firms: 8 implications of a post AGI world
When expertise becomes copy-paste, the architecture of civilization will no longer built around humans. It’ll be around the servers and…
What Kraftwerk did for music, AI will do for engineering: free us to create with empathy
In the 1970s, people thought synthesizers would kill music. Instead, Kraftwerk made it more human. When Kraftwerk released Autobahn in 197…
The future of AI isn't the cloud, its in your pocket. And DeMo just made it possible.
We’ve been building AI backwards: training giant models in data centers and squeezing them onto devices. What if the future of AI works the…
Writing on substack
I'm experimenting with a more social way of writing on Substack. Follow me there for more. -- If you have any questions or thoughts, don't…
AI may create a new aristocracy: where only the rich can afford to be human
AI will democratize education, but it may also create a new class divide — where human mentorship and connection becomes the ultimate…
AI agents will break the internet’s $600B ad economy. Here’s what comes next.
The internet runs on human attention, but AI agents won’t have any. Ads work because people see them: scrolling, clicking, impulse buying…
Algorithmic Imperialism won’t be solved by lawsuits and policy changes alone. 3 upcoming shifts that can actually decolonize AI
In 2025, AI is centralized in the hands of a few western companies that control everything — training data, compute power, access, and…
India’s OpenAI lawsuit exposes Silicon Valley’s Algorithmic Imperialism: Inside the Global South’s fight to reclaim its data
OpenAI’s dismissal of India’s copyright lawsuit as a “jurisdictional mismatch” reveals a fatal blind spot — India’s case isn’t about…
LLMs are fast becoming commodities: 5 trends for builders to add value at the app layer
The future of AI isn’t about bigger models; it’s about smarter apps that solve real problems. The winners will understand business pain…
Marx’s law of innovation: or how China’s constraints are redefining AI’s future and freaking out Silicon Valley
Innovation isn’t about having the most resources. It’s about reconfiguring what you have under constraints. Karl Marx’s insight from his…
Your digital trash Is AI’s next gold rush: The coming battle for 'Exhaust Data'
Forgotten bug reports. Awkward email drafts. Chaotic Slack threads. These aren’t just the digital clutter of our lives. They’re going to be…
Why most founders fail at customer conversations — 3 hard-earned lessons from 300+ interviews
I thought customer interviews were about asking the right questions. Turns out, they’re about what you give, not what you get. Early on, I…
The Tiktokification of apps: How AI will transform building, selling, and monetizing software
When anyone can create apps as easily as content, software stops being a product. It becomes a language of expression. For decades, apps…
How AI can replace fossil fuels faster than politicians: a jargon-free guide to its surprising climate impact
Every time you ask ChatGPT a question, a server gulps down electricity. Multiply that by billions of queries, and you begin to see the…
3 things I learned selling AI to enterprises — what every founder should know
Your buyer doesn’t care about your cool technology. They care about saving money**,** making money**, or** looking good to their boss…
4 principles to keep in mind when building truly autonomous AI agents
"An AI agent that can be shut down or quietly rewritten isn’t autonomous. It’s just pretending to be.” In 2021, a major AWS outage disrupted…
The future of Figma is Replit: Why prototypes are the new product specs
Static product specs are obsolete. They’re relics of a slower, less iterative world, disconnected from the realities of modern product…
The rise of Creator-PMs: why failing faster is the new superpower
The best product managers (PMs) aren’t defined by how much they create — but by how fast they discard wrong hypotheses. AI has fundamentally…
How US AI export controls are igniting a global AI arms race
The US has imposed new restrictions on AI exports, claiming they’ll “protect innovation.” Instead, they’re setting the stage for a global…
Why Founder-Community fit is even more important than Product-Market fit
Every startup begins with the same goal: solve an unsolved problem for a specific group of people. But here’s the often-overlooked question…
AI won’t steal your job — it’ll transform it
There’s a persistent myth that AI is here to replace human workers. It’s an easy narrative to believe—robots taking over jobs make for…
3 topics I’m excited about right now
Over the years, my interests have centered on technology, society, and how the two intersect. Here are three areas I’m actively exploring:…
3 Mistakes I Made When Building An AI Startup
10 years ago, I built a chatbot called Myra that could handle restaurant recommendations, grocery orders, and even Uber bookings—all through…
Your AI Assistant Wants to Sell You Something
Imagine this: Your AI assistant reminds you to pick up coffee filters—and suggests a deal at the local shop. Welcome to the age of ad…