Here is the reference list accompanying the state-of-the-art review I have collaborated with Professor Ruth Parry, which is about to undergo peer review. We are publishing it to share the evidence discussed in our conference presentation at “Rethinking Youth Gender Medicine” and to provide access the original sources. Here is Nick Wallis’ write up of the presentation, and this is what I wrote about it.
As the paper goes through peer review, references may change, I’ll update this page accordingly.
This reference list accompanies our presentation at the CAN-SG and SEGM conference. You can also read the accompanying conference summary on this post.
We hope making the reference list openly available is helpful to clinicians, researchers, students and anyone wishing to read the evidence for themselves.
The references are alphabetised by first author. Formatting is inconsistent at present (journal titles, punctuation, abbreviations and citation style) and will be standardised to meet the journal's requirements before manuscript submission.
Many thanks to my lead author and friend, Professor Ruth Parry for her hard work on this. I’m learning a LOT from her!
QR code coming. And some intense muttering, I expect.
Thank you for the interest in our work.
ACOG Committee. Caring for Patients Who Have Experienced Trauma: ACOG Committee Opinion, Number 825. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021; 137: E94–E99.
Albarqouni L, Sanders S, Clark J, et al. Self-Management for Men With Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Fam Med 2021; 19: 157.
Anllo L. Challenges of Sexual Life after Detransition: Trauma, Disenfranchized Grief, and Unmet Needs. J Sex Marital Ther 2025; 51: 639–651.
Barry ES, Merkebu J, Varpio L. How to Conduct a State-of-the-Art Literature Review. J Grad Med Educ 2022; 14. DOI: 10.4300/JGME-D-22-00704.1.
Barry ES, Merkebu J, Varpio L. Understanding State-of-the-Art Literature Reviews. J Grad Med Educ 2022; 14. DOI: 10.4300/JGME-D-22-00705.1.
Barry ES, Merkebu J, Varpio L. State-of-the-art literature review methodology: A six-step approach for knowledge synthesis. Perspect Med Educ 2022; 11. DOI: 10.1007/s40037-022-00725-9.
Campbell PG, Malone J, Yadla S, et al. Comparison of ICD-9-based, retrospective, and prospective assessments of perioperative complications: assessment of accuracy in reporting. J Neurosurg Spine 2011; 14: 16–22.
Cortés-Amador S, Vidal-Chaparro A, Hernández-Guillén D, et al. An overview of the transgender population’s knowledge of the role of physical therapy during the transitioning process: a cross-sectional survey study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2026; 318: 114905.
da Silva LMB, Freire SND, Moretti E, et al. Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Transgender Men on Gender-affirming Hormone Therapy: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. Int Urogynecol J 2024; 35: 1077–1084.
de Brouwer IJ, Elaut E, Becker-Hebly I, et al. Aftercare Needs Following Gender-Affirming Surgeries: Findings From the ENIGI Multicenter European Follow-Up Study. J Sex Med 2021; 18: 1921–1932.
Ding C, Khondker A, Goldenberg MG, et al. Urinary complications after penile inversion vaginoplasty in transgender women: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Can Urol Assoc J 2023; 14. DOI: 10.5489/CUAJ.8108.
Dominoni M, Scatigno AL, Pasquali MF, et al. Pelvic floor and sexual dysfunctions after genital gender-affirming surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sex Med 2025; 22: 184–195.
Ferrando CA, Mishra K, Grimstad FW, et al. A randomized trial comparing perioperative pelvic floor physical therapy to current standard of care in transgender women undergoing vaginoplasty for gender affirmation: the FLOWER Trial. Int Urogynecol J 2023; 34: 2985–2993.
Harrison R, Jones B, Gardener P, et al. Quality assessment with diverse studies (QuADS): an appraisal tool for methodological and reporting quality in systematic reviews of mixed- or multi-method studies. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21: 144.
Hatanaka LM de SS, Pereira GMV, Lara LA da S, et al. Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in the Transgender Patient: A Scoping Review. Int Urogynecol J 2025; 36: 2145–2167.
Jorge CH, Bø K, Chiazuto Catai C, et al. Pelvic floor muscle training as treatment for female sexual dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 231: 51–66.e1.
Liang S, Li J, Chen Z, et al. Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Help-Seeking Behavior Among Women with Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Womens Health 2023; 32: 1363–1379.
Loving S, Nordling J, Jaszczak P, et al. Does evidence support physiotherapy management of adult female chronic pelvic pain? A systematic review. Scand J Pain 2012; 3: 70–81.
Manrique OJ, Adabi K, Huang TCT, et al. Assessment of pelvic floor anatomy for male-to-female vaginoplasty and the role of physical therapy on functional and patient-reported outcomes. Ann Plast Surg 2019; 82: 661–666.
Mattawanon N, Charoenkwan K, Tangpricha V. Sexual Dysfunction in Transgender People: A Systematic Review. Urol Clin North Am 2021; 48: 437–460.
McIntosh S, Harries B, Perry M, et al. Barriers & Facilitators to Help-Seeking Behaviour for Abnormal Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men: Systematic Review. Cancer Med 2025; 14: e71214.
McLellan C, Yeh PT, Kennedy CE, et al. Global Burden of Violence Against Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2026; 9: e2552953.
Miroshnychenko A, Ibrahim S, Roldan Y, et al. Gender affirming hormone therapy for individuals with gender dysphoria aged <26 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child 2025; 110: e327921.
Moreira ED, Glasser DB, Nicolosi A, et al. Sexual problems and help-seeking behaviour in adults in the United Kingdom and continental Europe. BJU Int 2008; 101: 1005–1011.
Myers C, Smith M. Pelvic floor muscle training improves erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation: a systematic review. Physiotherapy 2019; 105: 235–243.
National Guideline Alliance (UK). Pelvic floor muscle training for the management of symptoms: Evidence Review (NICE Guideline No. 210). National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), December 2021.
Ortengren CD, Blasdel G, Damiano EA, et al. Urethral outcomes in metoidioplasty and phalloplasty gender affirming surgery (MaPGAS) and vaginectomy: a systematic review. Transl Androl Urol 2022; 11: 1762–1770.
Phillips A, Stiller K, Williams M, et al. Medical Record Documentation: The Quality of Physiotherapy Entries. Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice 2006; 4: 4.
Ray A, Fernstrum A, Mahran A, et al. MP30-20 Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Transgender Persons Treated With Estrogens. J Urol 2020; 203. DOI: 10.1097/JU.0000000000000869.020.
Tordoff DM, Lunn MR, Chen B, et al. Testosterone use and sexual function among transgender men and gender diverse people assigned female at birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 229: 669.e1–669.e17.
van Vugt WLJ, van den Boogaard E, van der Tuuk K, et al. Gynecologic function and dysfunction in transmasculine and gender-diverse individuals using testosterone therapy: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Epub ahead of print February 5, 2026. DOI: 10.1016/J.AJOG.2026.01.036.
Waljee J, McGlinn EP, Sears ED, et al. Patient expectations and patient-reported outcomes in surgery: A systematic review. Surgery 2014; 155: 799–808.
Waterschoot M, Hoebeke P, Verla W, et al. Urethral Complications After Metoidioplasty for Genital Gender Affirming Surgery. J Sex Med 2021; 18: 1271–1279.
Widenor RCL, Hofmann MC. Indications for the Utilization of Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy for Transgender Women Following Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty: A Narrative Review. Transgender Health. Epub ahead of print June 4, 2025. DOI: 10.1089/TRGH.2021.0159.
Yaish I, Amir H, Eilam H, et al. Effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual function among transgender individuals. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2025; 168: 1292–1297.
This page will be updated with the full citation and a link to the published paper once the manuscript has been accepted and published.
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