Milking into a leaking bucket: Rethinking social grants for community economic development in Kaalpan Rural Village, North West, South Africa

This article explores how social grants can be repositioned as drivers of community economic development (CED) in rural South Africa. The study aimed to examine the role of grants in shaping local economic activity, assess patterns of economic leakage, and identify strategies to retain and leverage grant flows for sustainable livelihoods. The guiding research question was: How can social grants be…