When Retraining Becomes a Right, Not a Benefit: ICESCR Article 13 and the Education Gap After AI Displacement

ICESCR Article 13 recognizes the right of everyone to education — including the technical and vocational education that workers need when automation displaces them. In the United States, retraining exists as a workforce policy benefit, not a justiciable right. The U.S. has never ratified the treaty that would make the difference binding.