A Metallurgist’s Doubts About Self-Replicating Probes

Frank Tipler jolted the astrophysics community in 1980 when he introduced self-replicating interstellar probes into discussion of the Fermi Paradox. The mathematical model of self-replication came from John von Neumann, and was codified in 1966 (after von Neumann s death) by Arthur Burks in Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata (1966). SF fans will also know of Fred [ ]