Cardiac Physiology Hemodynamics – Analysis of Stroke Volume, Ejection Fraction, Cardiac Work, and Fick’s Principle (2024) Dr. Elias K. Harrington

This text provides a foundational overview of cardiovascular hemodynamics, covering the determinants of cardiac output (stroke volume and heart rate), definitions of end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes, calculation of ejection fraction, and methods for measuring cardiac output (Fick's principle). It extensively analyzes cardiac work (volume vs. pressure work) and relates heart mechanics to the…