Catalytic isomerization of light alkanes: thermodynamic, kinetic, and technological aspects

The gradual tightening of environmental standards, combined with growing global demand for environmentally friendly fuels, has significantly increased the importance of advanced technologies in oil refining. In this context, the catalytic isomerization of light alkanes (C₄–C₆ fraction) is one of the most strategic processes for improving gasoline quality without increasing the concentration of…