Analysis of the effectiveness of surfactant application in enhanced oil recovery methods

Background: Conventional waterflooding typically achieves an oil recovery factor of no more than 35–40%, leaving a significant portion of the oil in place within the pore space of the reservoir rock, where it is retained by capillary forces. The application of chemical enhanced oil recovery methods, particularly Alkaline–Surfactant–Polymer (ASP) flooding, is a promising approach for high-viscosity…