A 4π Framework for Forecasting Solar‑Limb Flares Using the AFT Model and NSF-NOAA GONG Far-Side Helioseismic Maps

Solar flares are a well-recognized component of space weather, yet operational flare forecasting often fails when the source region of the flares lies near or just beyond the Sun’s visible “edges”, or solar limbs. Two major advances over the past decade have now been combined to demonstrate an approach for predicting these “limb flares,” which can still significantly disrupt communication systems.…