Pure quantum version of Pollack battery and Biefeld-Brown effect

Wikipedia informs that there are a number of battery voltages that are preferred and that chemistry forces them (see this ). 1.5 eV deducted for the Donut battery is one of them. Why? The answer to the question reduces to the notion of electronegativity characterized by chemical potential. For example, oxygen is willing to accept electrons from less electronegative atoms and hydrogen, alkali atoms…