Improvements in length structure, reproductive indices, and spawning biomass following strengthened fisheries management: evidence from the common sardine (Strangomera bentincki) off central-southern Chile

Fisheries management measures are expected to enhance the demographic structure and reproductive capacity of exploited fish populations, particularly in short-lived, fast-growing small pelagic species. We evaluated long-term changes in key demographic traits of common sardine ( Strangomera bentincki ) off central-southern Chile in relation to major regulatory milestones implemented between 1991…