How to properly shut down a Linux system

In a previous post, I discussed how you can determine that you are pid 1 , the init process, when the system is booting. Today, we’ll consider the end of the init process: system shutdown. If you look into a book on Unix system administration, the classic way to manually turn off a Unix system contains a few steps: Bring the system to single-user mode ( init 1 or shutdown ). Unmount all…