Iran and the United States: Prospects After the Failure of the Islamabad Memorandum

Signed on June 17, the Islamabad Memorandum was intended to bring military operations to an end, gradually reopen the Strait of Hormuz, and pave the way, within sixty days, for a final agreement between Iran and the United States. Less than a month later, strikes have resumed, maritime traffic is once again paralyzed, and Iranian civilian infrastructure is increasingly being targeted by the United…