Ghost Logic is dead or unnecessary code that leads the reader to make false assumptions about values and states. An example is better than a thousand words: def recalculate_score ( age : Int32 ?, iq : Float32 , wealth : Money ?) : PersonalScore return PersonalScore . UNKNOWN if ! age return PersonalScore . UNKNOWN if ! money if ( age < 18 ) return PersonalScore . CHILD end if ( iq > 200 ) Log .…