Money, Borders, Power: The Pattern That Actually Killed Rome

The Roman pattern didn't end with Rome. It just kept running at a smaller scale. Everywhere the Western Empire had held together — Hispania, Gaul, North Africa, Italy, Britain — the political form gave out, but the substance didn't disappear. It fragmented, reassembled, and kept running the same three-part pattern at a new scale: money weakens the center, borders get harder to defend, and power…