# excessive force (blogs) — RSS Amplifier Recent posts from the 3 feeds in the RSS Amplifier directory that cover excessive force. Page: Feed: --- ## [CO: DNA could be seized from trash](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64692) _2026-08-21 · Hall · (untitled)_ Collecting defendant’s DNA from his trash out for collection didn’t violate the Fourth Amendment or the Colorado Constitution. People v. Anderson, 2026 COA 64 (Aug. 20, 2026) (2-1 on the state issue; a warrant should be required). Plaintiff’s claim that … Continue reading → ## [CA8: Nebraska statute allowing SWs to cross state lines doesn’t violate 4A](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64689) _2026-08-20 · Hall · (untitled)_ Nebraska statute authorizes search warrants to cross state lines, and this does not violate the Fourth Amendment. This was a Snapchat warrant. \[The Stored Communications Act, 18 U.S.C. § 2703(a,d), allows state subpoenas to cross state lines.\] United States v. … Continue reading → ## [WA: Sweat patch as condition of release violated state constitution’s privacy provision](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64687) _2026-08-20 · Hall · (untitled)_ The court imposing a sweat patch on plaintiff violated his state constitutional privacy rights. Lesser intrusive measures are required. Bailey-Cobb v. Snohomish Cty. Dist. Court, 2026 Wash. App. LEXIS 1871 (Aug. 17, 2026). Plaintiff stated a claim for his severe … Continue reading → ## [E.D.Mich.: Michigan liquor control administrative searches here don’t comply with Burger/Patel](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64685) _2026-08-20 · Hall · (untitled)_ The administrative search provisions of the Michigan liquor control statute don’t measure up to the Burger/Patel standards for administrative searches. Defendants’ motion for summary judgment denied. Generis Ent., LLC v. Donley, 2026 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 185142 (E.D. Mich. Aug. 18, … Continue reading → ## [The Gloves Are Off: ICE, Electric Shock Weapons and Secret Police](https://www.rutherford.org/publications_resources/john_whiteheads_commentary/the_gloves_are_off_ice_electric_shock_weapons_and_secret_police) _2026-08-19 · By John & Nisha Whitehead · The Rutherford Institute RSS Updates_ ICE is preparing to spend millions of dollars equipping agents with electric shock gloves designed to inflict pain and compel "compliance." In the hands of an agency already accused of excessive force, unlawful arrests, secrecy, mass surveillance and constitutional violations, these so-called less-lethal weapons pose a much larger danger. The problem is not merely the weapon. It is what happens… ## [The Gloves Are Off: ICE, Electric Shock Weapons and Secret Police \[SHORT\]](https://www.rutherford.org/publications_resources/john_whiteheads_commentary/the_gloves_are_off_ice_electric_shock_weapons_and_secret_police_short) _2026-08-19 · By John & Nisha Whitehead · The Rutherford Institute RSS Updates_ ICE is preparing to spend millions of dollars equipping agents with electric shock gloves designed to inflict pain and compel "compliance." In the hands of an agency already accused of excessive force, unlawful arrests, secrecy, mass surveillance and constitutional violations, these so-called less-lethal weapons pose a much larger danger. The problem is not merely the weapon. It is what happens… ## [Reason: Border Agents Searched His Phone 5 Times Without a Warrant. He’s Asking the Supreme Court To Put a Stop to It.](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64683) _2026-08-19 · Hall · (untitled)_ Reason: Border Agents Searched His Phone 5 Times Without a Warrant. He’s Asking the Supreme Court To Put a Stop to It. by Elizabeth Nolan Brown (“The Fourth Amendment says authorities can’t search you or your things without probable cause … Continue reading → ## [CA11: SD card in a video voyeur device placed in another’s bedroom has no REP](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64681) _2026-08-18 · Hall · (untitled)_ “This appeal is about the reasonable expectation of privacy–or the lack thereof. Kenneth Mininger secretly placed video cameras in shared rooms in his ex-wife’s house. He used these cameras to record his ex-wife’s minor daughter undressing. The police examined the … Continue reading → ## [This Foot Chase Got a Cop Fired — Then Police Hid the Video](https://thecivilrightslawyer.com/2026/08/17/this-foot-chase-got-a-cop-fired-then-police-hid-the-video/) _2026-08-17 · johnbryanlaw · The Civil Rights Lawyer_ Andrew Fraieli is an investigative journalist who runs a nonprofit that he started called Blue Surveillance, based out of Denver, Colorado. Basically what he does is monitor Colorado’s “Peace Officer Standards and Training” (POST) website which documents the certification of police officers within the state. He noticed that a Wheat Ridge Police Department officer named Carlos Bowdre was terminated… ## [CA7: False confession claim is a 4A not 14A claim](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64677) _2026-08-17 · Hall · (untitled)_ Plaintiff’s claim of false confessions sounds in the Fourth Amendment not Fourteenth. But here, the alleged false confession was never used in court. Therefore, no liability. Savory v. Andrews, 2026 U.S. App. LEXIS 24655 (7th Cir. Aug. 14, 2026)\*: In … Continue reading → ## [AI News Summaries & Audio (Sponsored)](https://crawlproof.com/a/bakk8TFoYxci) _2026-08-17 · **Sponsored**_ Tap an article for an AI summary and an audio briefing. ## [CA5: RS required of weapons or contraband for search of vagina](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64675) _2026-08-17 · Hall · (untitled)_ This strip search of a female detainee stated a claim and overcame qualified immunity. Brown v. Wallace, 2026 U.S. App. LEXIS 24643 (5th Cir. Aug. 14, 2026): In other words, both our precedent and “a robust consensus of cases of … Continue reading → ## [CA4: Affidavit for SW provided neither nexus nor timing and even failed GFE](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64673) _2026-08-16 · Hall · (untitled)_ The affidavit for warrant here provided neither nexus nor timing to address 6740. As to all around it, yes, but not there. As to timing, as to the others, yes, but all the police had as to 6740 was 13-year-old … Continue reading → ## [CA9: Ptfs didn’t meet burden of showing administrative subpoena was 4A violation or in bad faith](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64671) _2026-08-15 · Hall · (untitled)_ Bad faith administrative subpoenas are grounded in the Fourth Amendment, but the burden is high in showing bad faith, and plaintiffs didn’t meet it. Queerdoc, PLLC v. DOJ, 2026 U.S. App. LEXIS 24567 (9th Cir. Aug. 14, 2026) (“The prohibition … Continue reading → ## [Political Speech Under Threat: The Government Is Using Deportation to Silence Dissent](https://www.rutherford.org/publications_resources/on_the_front_lines/political_speech_under_threat_the_government_is_using_deportation_to_silence_dissent) _2026-08-14 · The Rutherford Institute RSS Updates_ Can the government arrest and threaten to deport a handful of political dissenters in order to frighten everyone else into silence? The Rutherford Institute has joined civil liberties groups in AAUP v. Rubio and The Stanford Daily v. Rubio to challenge government efforts that threaten to turn immigration enforcement into a weapon for punishing political speech and chilling First Amendment rights.… ## [CA2: No 4A requirement for SWs being issued with notice to target](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64667) _2026-08-14 · Hall · (untitled)_ Search warrants are usually issued ex parte, and there’s no Fourth Amendment justification for advance notice to the target of the search. It avoids warning the target to destroy or hide evidence or flee. United States v. Leeper, 2026 U.S. Continue reading ## [CA6: Denying ptf access to his own bathroom during a search of his house stated 4A claim](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64665) _2026-08-14 · Hall · (untitled)_ “In light of totality of the circumstances of this case, we thus ask whether Plaintiff has plausibly alleged that Defendant Josephs repeated refusal of Plaintiff s requests to use his own restroom rendered Plaintiff s seizure unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment. Though Continue reading ## [W.D.Mo.: Not exactly following the inventory policy doesn’t make it unreasonable under 4A](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64662) _2026-08-14 · Hall · (untitled)_ Not exactly following the inventory policy doesn’t make it unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment. United States v. Maldonadochavarria, 2026 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 180956 (W.D. Mo. July 13, 2026). “Here, King was placed in handcuffs and moved from the Rite Shop Continue reading ## [GA: No IAC for not challenging complete cell phone download before search](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64660) _2026-08-14 · Hall · (untitled)_ Defense counsel wasn’t ineffective for not challenging a complete cell phone download as overbroad before the search because no binding case says it is. Lenon v. State, 2026 Ga. LEXIS 250 (Aug. 13, 2026). The question is not whether plaintiff Continue reading ## [DNYUZ: CBP Workers Allegedly Used Government Databases to Spy on Exes, Crushes, and Colleagues](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64658) _2026-08-14 · Hall · (untitled)_ DNYUZ: CBP Workers Allegedly Used Government Databases to Spy on Exes, Crushes, and Colleagues: Internal records obtained by WIRED reveal how, for years, United States Customs and Border Protection employees and contractors were accused of abusing sensitive government databases for Continue reading ## [ABAJ: Is resetting your phone after being stopped by Border Patrol agents a federal offense?](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64656) _2026-08-14 · Hall · (untitled)_ ABAJ: Is resetting your phone after being stopped by Border Patrol agents a federal offense? By Anna Stolley Persky: It all started when Sam Tunick, described as a 30-year-old barista and musician with concerns about the environment and police militarization, Continue reading ## [Non-Custodial Crypto Gateway (Sponsored)](https://crawlproof.com/a/hZEHmNaew5xa) _2026-08-14 · **Sponsored**_ Accept multi-chain crypto, automated fee handling, and trustless escrow with real-time settlement. ## [NYT: Flock Announces Privacy Updates to Its Car-Tracking Cameras](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64654) _2026-08-14 · Hall · (untitled)_ NYT: Flock Announces Privacy Updates to Its Car-Tracking Cameras by Aruni Soni (“Critics say the measures are “public relations” and leave room for continued misuse.”): Flock Safety, a company facing increasing scrutiny of its nationwide car-tracking technology, announced several updates Continue reading ## [Cop Beats Grandpa Sleeping in Car — ACQUITTED](https://thecivilrightslawyer.com/2026/08/13/cop-beats-grandpa-sleeping-in-car-acquitted/) _2026-08-13 · johnbryanlaw · The Civil Rights Lawyer_ Remember the case where the 62 year old grandpa, Kevin Hinton, was driving with his pet cockatoo on a road trip to meet his new baby granddaughter… and he gets tired, pulls into a public park in Spokane, Washington, and tries to take a nap? But then Spokane, Washington police officer, Clay Hilton, shows up and starts to harass him, ultimately beating him to the point that he would have 8 broken… ## [S.D.N.Y.: Project Veritas SW unsealed with limited redactions](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64651) _2026-08-13 · Hall · (untitled)_ One of the Project Veritas search warrant affidavits is partially redacted for privacy of some people and ordered filed. Redactions must be limited. In re Search Warrant Dated Nov. 5, 2021, 2026 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 179075 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 11, 2026): Continue reading ## [D.Ariz.: SW for firearm didn’t go stale](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64649) _2026-08-13 · Hall · (untitled)_ This search warrant for a firearm wasn’t stale because firearms are kept. In any event, the good faith exception applies. United States v. Cherry, 2026 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 178900 (D. Ariz. Aug. 11, 2026).\* Defendant’s failure to file a post-trial Continue reading ## [VA: Reverse keyword search warrant to Google decided on GFE but not merits](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64646) _2026-08-13 · Hall · (untitled)_ Reverse keyword search warrant to Google connected defendant to this crime. It’s not like geofence warrants in Chatrie, but the merits aren t decided because the good faith exception applies in any event. Clements v. Commonwealth, 2026 Va. App. LEXIS 428 Continue reading ## [N.D.Ohio: Two dog sniffs didn’t provide PC for vehicle search](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64644) _2026-08-13 · Hall · (untitled)_ The first dog sniff didn’t provide probable cause, but it did provide reasonable suspicion to continue the stop longer. Then a second sniff didn’t either. Motion to suppress granted. United States v. Copeland, 2026 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 178749 (N.D. Ohio Continue reading ## [GA reaffirms a constitutional right of privacy in medical records](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64641) _2026-08-13 · Hall · (untitled)_ Georgia reaffirms there is a constitutional right of privacy in medical records. Here it was a civil discovery dispute. Goodell v. Moulton, 2026 Ga. LEXIS 232 (Aug. 11, 2026): Finally, we also extended the Georgia constitutional right to privacy to Continue reading ## [The Posse Comitatus Presidency: Trump’s Standing Army on American Streets](https://www.rutherford.org/publications_resources/john_whiteheads_commentary/the_posse_comitatus_presidency_trumps_standing_army_on_american_streets) _2026-08-12 · By John & Nisha Whitehead · The Rutherford Institute RSS Updates_ One year after President Trump deployed the National Guard to Washington, D.C., the so-called "emergency" is over-but the troops never left. Now the Pentagon is preparing to keep a standing military presence in the nation's capital through the end of Trump's term. What began as an extraordinary response to a supposed crime crisis is becoming something far more dangerous: a precedent for using… ## [The Posse Comitatus Presidency: Trump’s Standing Army on American Streets \[SHORT\]](https://www.rutherford.org/publications_resources/john_whiteheads_commentary/the_posse_comitatus_presidency_trumps_standing_army_on_american_streets_short) _2026-08-12 · By John & Nisha Whitehead · The Rutherford Institute RSS Updates_ One year after President Trump deployed the National Guard to Washington, D.C., the so-called "emergency" is over-but the troops never left. Now the Pentagon is preparing to keep a standing military presence in the nation's capital through the end of Trump's term. What began as an extraordinary response to a supposed crime crisis is becoming something far more dangerous: a precedent for using… ## [N.D.Ohio: Dog sniff during initial records check did not extend the stop](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64638) _2026-08-11 · Hall · (untitled)_ The stop was not extended by the drug dog that arrived almost immediately and the sniff was done while the records check was going on. Alternatively, there was reasonable suspicion for it. United States v. Billips, 2026 U.S. Dist. LEXIS Continue reading ## [Persona-led AI publishing (Sponsored)](https://crawlproof.com/a/2Q8UxLwACHqV) _2026-08-11 · **Sponsored**_ Generate drafts, schedule subdomain publishing, and keep human review where needed. ## [E.D.Mo.: Seizure of def’s Apple watch was valid as a search incident because it could be used to erase iPhone](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64636) _2026-08-11 · Hall · (untitled)_ Seizure of defendant’s Apple watch was valid incident to arrest because officers feared he could erase his iPhone with it. The traffic stop might have been pretextual, but it doesn’t matter because defendant had an arrest warrant on a federal Continue reading ## [Truthout: First Came the Flock Cameras. Now Local Cops Want Autonomous Drones.](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64633) _2026-08-11 · Hall · (untitled)_ Truthout: First Came the Flock Cameras. Now Local Cops Want Autonomous Drones. by Michael Ludwig ( Hundreds of local police departments have received waivers to fly surveillance drones that navigate with AI. ): Police in cities across the U.S. are rolling out Continue reading ## [NYT: The Surveillance Network Tracking Cars Across the U.S.](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64630) _2026-08-10 · Hall · (untitled)_ NYT: The Surveillance Network Tracking Cars Across the U.S. (there are now 120,000 cameras). ## [D.N.M.: 2¼ hour detention was still with RS despite 10th Cir.’s 90-minute limit](https://fourthamendment.com/?p=64626) _2026-08-09 · Hall · (untitled)_ “Defendant was detained from approximately 4:45 a.m. until his release at around 7:00 a.m., a total duration of two hours and 15 minutes. … Having concluded that the initial detention was lawful, the Court must next address whether the detention Continue reading ## [Who Decides What You Can Display on Your Own Property? Rutherford Institute Issues Guidance on Signs, Flags and Religious Displays](https://www.rutherford.org/publications_resources/on_the_front_lines/who_decides_what_you_can_display_on_your_own_property_rutherford_institute_issues_guidance_on_signs_flags_and_religious_displays) _2026-08-06 · The Rutherford Institute RSS Updates_ The First Amendment protects more than spoken and written words. It also protects the right to communicate through signs, flags, crosses, banners, artwork and other expressive displays on private property. While local governments may enforce reasonable, content-neutral safety and land-use regulations, they may not favor approved messages, suppress controversial viewpoints or make protected… ## [Constitutional Q&A: The Right to Display First Amendment Messages on Private Property](https://www.rutherford.org/publications_resources/legal_features/constitutional_qa_the_right_to_display_first_amendment_messages_on_private_property) _2026-08-06 · The Rutherford Institute RSS Updates_ The First Amendment protects more than the right to speak. It also protects the right to communicate through signs, symbols, flags, art and religious displays without government favoring some viewpoints and suppressing others. In this Constitutional Q&A, The Rutherford Institute explains the constitutional protections governing First Amendment displays on private property and offers general… ## [America Reaps What Trump Sows: The Price of Policing the Globe](https://www.rutherford.org/publications_resources/john_whiteheads_commentary/america_reaps_what_trump_sows_the_price_of_policing_the_globe) _2026-08-05 · By John & Nisha Whitehead · The Rutherford Institute RSS Updates_ No government can bomb, threaten and police the world indefinitely without eventually bringing the consequences home. They come home through hacked water systems, heightened surveillance, militarized police and demands that Americans surrender still more freedom in exchange for protection from dangers the government helped create. This is blowback-and once again, "we the people" will be left to… ## [America Reaps What Trump Sows: The Price of Policing the Globe \[SHORT\]](https://www.rutherford.org/publications_resources/john_whiteheads_commentary/america_reaps_what_trump_sows_the_price_of_policing_the_globe_short) _2026-08-05 · By John & Nisha Whitehead · The Rutherford Institute RSS Updates_ No government can bomb, threaten and police the world indefinitely without eventually bringing the consequences home. They come home through hacked water systems, heightened surveillance, militarized police and demands that Americans surrender still more freedom in exchange for protection from dangers the government helped create. This is blowback-and once again, "we the people" will be left to… ## [Rutherford Institute Urges Localities Not To Penalize Compassion by Placing Roadblocks Before Churches Ministering to the Homeless](https://www.rutherford.org/publications_resources/on_the_front_lines/rutherford_institute_urges_localities_not_to_penalize_compassion_by_placing_roadblocks_before_churches_ministering_to_the_homeless) _2026-08-03 · The Rutherford Institute RSS Updates_ Government officials are increasingly passing laws that make it harder for the homeless to survive in public spaces-while regulating, restricting or even penalizing churches, religious charities and nonprofits that attempt to help. Yet churches should not have to choose between answering their religious calling and complying with unnecessary government paperwork before offering someone shelter on… ## [Cops Tackle the WRONG Teen… Then Lie About It](https://thecivilrightslawyer.com/2026/07/31/cops-tackle-the-wrong-teen-then-lie-about-it/) _2026-08-01 · johnbryanlaw · The Civil Rights Lawyer_ A mom called the cops on her 16 year old son because she was allegedly having trouble controlling him. Officers from the Melbourne (Florida) Police Department (my hometown) arrive on scene. They see a kid… One of the cops jumps out of his cruiser, threatens the kid, runs towards him and basically tackles him to the ground. The other cops then pile on. They pull the kid’s arm behind his back,… ## [UPDATE: Man Buys His Dream Truck, Gets Arrested For Driving a Stolen Truck](https://thecivilrightslawyer.com/2026/07/25/update-man-buys-his-dream-truck-gets-arrested-for-driving-a-stolen-truck/) _2026-07-25 · johnbryanlaw · The Civil Rights Lawyer_ Recently I posted a YouTube short about a video I did back in September of 2025: Man Buys His Dream Truck, Then Gets Arrested For Driving a Stolen Truck. That was the video where the Coast Guard officer buys a truck from a car dealership, and then the car dealership (Doral Volkswagen) falsely reports the truck as stolen, and he gets arrested at gunpoint and interrogated by clueless detectives.… ## [UPDATE: I Help YouTubers Arrested Over Lego Videos (Part 5)](https://thecivilrightslawyer.com/2026/07/15/update-i-help-youtubers-arrested-over-lego-videos-part-5/) _2026-07-15 · johnbryanlaw · The Civil Rights Lawyer_ An entire police department in Utah turned on a Youtuber and it was all caught on video. And it only took me 5 videos to break it all down. I started with an interview of that Youtuber - Reckless Ben - and now, I just re-interviewed Ben - just as a judge finally lifted his gag order, allowing him to once-again speak. So this is not only the finale, and part 5 of my analysis of the Reckless Ben… ## [I Help YouTubers Arrested Over Lego Videos (PART 4)](https://thecivilrightslawyer.com/2026/06/30/i-help-youtubers-arrested-over-lego-videos-part-4/) _2026-07-01 · johnbryanlaw · The Civil Rights Lawyer_ A 200,000 dollar Lego collection went missing. A YouTuber started to cover it. And then cops in Utah started to cover it up. It went viral all over the world. Then I started to cover it, and now I’m on part 4. We’ve gone from Reckless Ben and his friends being stopped and harassed; to them being stopped and harassed more and accused of having and being on drugs; to now Reckless Ben being placed in… ## [I Help YouTubers Arrested Over Lego Videos (PART 3)](https://thecivilrightslawyer.com/2026/06/23/i-help-youtubers-arrested-over-lego-videos-part-3/) _2026-06-23 · johnbryanlaw · The Civil Rights Lawyer_ We’ve been covering the story of how a single phone call between two drama queen grown men - Josh Johnson and Officer Tonga of the American Fork Police Department - somehow escalated into a worldwide internet phenomenon that has permeated every layer of content and discussion in our society. Everything from lawyers on YouTube to stand-up comedy - and even regular TV news. In my last video I… ## [I Help YouTuber(s) Arrested Over Lego Videos (Part 2)](https://thecivilrightslawyer.com/2026/06/07/i-help-youtubers-arrested-over-lego-videos-part-2/) _2026-06-07 · johnbryanlaw · The Civil Rights Lawyer_ Since I talked with Reckless Ben about the stolen Lego situation and the ensuing harassment and retaliation he received from the American Fork Police Department in Utah, a lot has happened. I got the chance to talk to the other guy with Ben in the videos, Tyler Shaw, who was the one driving the car - the same guy the cops falsely accused of being on drugs. And most importantly, I now have access… ## [I Help YouTuber Arrested Over Lego Videos (Part 1)](https://thecivilrightslawyer.com/2026/06/02/i-help-youtuber-arrested-over-lego-videos-part-1/) _2026-06-02 · johnbryanlaw · The Civil Rights Lawyer_ Hundreds, or maybe thousands of you, reached out to me about covering the Reckless Ben Lego videos. Ben reached out to me as well. Basically, he made a video about a stolen Lego collection that ended with him getting arrested and charged by the American Fork Police Department in Utah County, Utah. I was immediately intrigued and I wanted to help him. But before I could do that, I had to understand… ## [Wrong Woman Jailed 13 Days For Triple Fatal Crash](https://thecivilrightslawyer.com/2026/05/30/wrong-woman-jailed-13-days-for-triple-fatal-crash/) _2026-05-30 · johnbryanlaw · The Civil Rights Lawyer_ On October 4, 2025 on I-4 near mile marker 108 in Volusia County, Florida, a Dodge Durango made an unsafe lane change, triggering a violent chain-reaction crash involving motorcycles and multiple vehicles. Three people were killed. The Dodge Durango fled the scene, leading to a massive manhunt. The public was demanding justice. After a 6 month investigation, law enforcement finally made an arrest,… ## [37 Days in Jail For Posting a Meme | County Pays $835,000 | Sheriff Gaslights Public](https://thecivilrightslawyer.com/2026/05/26/37-days-in-jail-for-posting-a-meme-county-pays-835000-sheriff-gaslights-public/) _2026-05-26 · johnbryanlaw · The Civil Rights Lawyer_ A couple of months ago I told you the story of Larry Bushart, who spent 37 days behind bars simply for posting a meme in a Facebook group. That video was a collaboration with FIRE, a national nonprofit First Amendment advocacy organization, who had just filed the civil rights lawsuit against Perry County, Tennessee, Sheriff Nick Weems and Investigator Jason Morrow, for multiple constitutional…