SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF HERBAL PHYTOBIOTICS AND BAY LEAF (Syzygium polyanthum) ACIDIFIER ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF MALE ALABIO DUCKS THROUGH IMMUNOMODULATORY MECHANISMS

Duck production continues to face challenges related to feed efficiency and animal health, while the use of antibiotic growth promoters has been prohibited. Consequently, phytobiotics and acidifiers have emerged as promising natural alternatives, including the use of bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum). Bay leaves possess considerable potential as a phytobiotic acidifier due to their antibacterial…