# country risk (blogs) — RSS Amplifier Recent posts from the 2 feeds in the RSS Amplifier directory that cover country risk. Page: Feed: --- ## [AI’s Bar Mitzvah Moment? From Hope & Hype to Hard Business Questions!](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/ais-bar-mitzvah-moment-from-hope) _2026-08-20 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ Change is easy, monetizing it is not... ## [AI"s Bar Mitzvah Moment: From Hype & Hope to Business Questions!](https://aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2026/08/ais-bar-mitzvah-moment-from-hype-hope.html) _2026-08-20 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ In a world where AI enters almost every conversation, it takes effort to remember that its breakout moment was less than four years ago, when, on November 30, 2022, ChatGPT was unveiled to the public. I know! I know! Artificial intelligence has been around a lot longer, with a history tracing back to the birth of the computer age. I am old enough to remember IBM's Deep Blue, a machine powerful… ## [The Situational Awareness Fund Blow-up: Collateral Damage from Investment Conviction!](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/the-situational-awareness-fund-blow) _2026-08-11 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ Lessons from Leo! ## [The Situational Awareness Blow-up: The Collateral Damage from Investing Conviction!](https://aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2026/08/the-situational-awareness-blow-up.html) _2026-08-11 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ Earlier this year, I was asked what I thought about Leopold Aschenbrenner and I admitted that I knew little about him other than what I had read about him, more in social media, than in the press - that he was a 25-year-old wunderkind who had started at OpenAI but had left to start a hedge fund. That hedge fund, built entirely around a bet that AI would pay off big time and near term, buying… ## [Information Timing and Release: The Gaming of Guidance!](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/information-timing-and-release-the) _2026-07-29 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ Quarterly Earnings and Fed Guidance ## [Country Risk: Determinants, Measures and Implications - The 2026 Edition!](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/country-risk-determinants-measures) _2026-07-15 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ You can run, but you cannot hide! ## [Country Risk: Drivers, Measures and Investment Implications - The 2026 Edition!](https://aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2026/07/country-risk-drivers-measures-and.html) _2026-07-15 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ I am a creature of habit in my personal and professional life, and in the context of the content that I post online, there is a ritual that I follow with my data updates. I start the year with my general data update online , and follow up with a series of posts where I examine the implications of this data for investing and corporate finance. Since 2008, I have also done annual update papers on… ## [SpaceX, OpenAI and Anthropic: The S&P 500 Inclusion Question and Investment Consequences!](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/spacex-openai-and-anthropic-the-s) _2026-06-18 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ In search of an index bump! ## [Revisiting the SpaceX Valuation: A Post-Prospectus Update!](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/revisiting-the-spacex-valuation-a) _2026-06-04 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ The numbers are in.. ## [An Ode to Restraint: Lessons from the Tim Cook Legacy!](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/an-ode-to-restraint-lessons-from) _2026-05-06 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ Doing nothing is sometimes better than doing something! ## [Stream Torrents & IPTV Instantly (Sponsored)](https://crawlproof.com/a/pQgnRA1g14ud) _2026-05-06 · **Sponsored**_ Search magnet links and stream movies, music, books, and live TV in-browser ## [To Trillion(s) and Beyond: A SpaceX IPO Odyssey!](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/to-trillions-and-beyond-a-spacex) _2026-04-23 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ Spaceships, Satellites and AI! ## [To a Trillion(s) Dollars and beyond: A SpaceX IPO Odyssey!](https://aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2026/04/to-trillion-dollars-and-beyond-spacex.html) _2026-04-23 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ In 2001, A Space Odyssey , a movie that was well ahead of its time when it was released in 1968, Hal (the computer) famously responded to questions about his reliability with “it (mstakes) can only be attributable to human error”. I was reminded of my fallibility repeatedly as I tried to value SpaceX ahead of its initial public offering, a market debut that is shaping up as a barn-burner for three… ## [Oil, War and the Global Economy: The Market's Narrative in March 2026](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/oil-war-and-the-global-economy-the) _2026-04-02 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ An oil price shock and its aftermath ## [Oil, War and the Global Economy: The Market's Narrative in March 2026](https://aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2026/04/oil-war-and-global-economy-markets.html) _2026-04-01 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ Markets play an expectations game, and in March 2026, we saw the process play out, with all of its upsides and downsides. The month started with a war in the Middle East, which quickly percolated into soaring oil prices and dropping stock prices, but the overwhelming factor was uncertainty about almost every dimension of the war - how long it would last, what permanent changes to oil prices would… ## [Finding your investment lodestar: In search of an investment philosophy!](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/finding-your-investment-lodestar) _2026-03-24 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ If you stand for nothing, you will fall for everything! ## [Finding your investing lodestar: In Search of an Investment Philosophy](https://aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2026/03/finding-your-investing-lodestar-in.html) _2026-03-24 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ When uncertainty roils markets, as is the case right now, it is natural for investors to get knocked off balance, a when off-balance, to make investment decisions that they often regret later. It is during those times that it helps to have a core set of beliefs about markets, and an investment philosophy that reflects those beliefs. You may not be able to mend the damage to your portfolio, but it… ## [The Price of Risk: An Equity Risk Premium Monologue!](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/the-price-of-risk-an-equity-risk) _2026-03-15 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ Fear and greed! ## [The AI Disruption: From Doomsday Destruction to Do-Nothing Bots!](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/the-ai-disruption-from-doomsday-destruction) _2026-03-04 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ Possible? Plausible? Probable? ## [AI Scenarios: From Doomsday Destruction to Do-Nothing Bots!](https://aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2026/03/ai-scenarios-from-economic-doomsday-to.html) _2026-03-04 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ When Chat GPT made its debut on November 30, 2022, it unleashed the hype of AI, and in the three years since, AI has taken on an outsized role not just in markets, but also in our lives. For much of the time, the AI story has been told by its advocates and its salespeople, and the companies in the AI ecosystem have benefited. Not surprisingly, given that its narrators benefit from this growth,… ## [Data Update 8 for 2026: Dividends and Buybacks!](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/data-update-8-for-2026-dividends) _2026-02-25 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ Harvesting your Investments ## [8.1% APY Plus Free Stock (Sponsored)](https://crawlproof.com/a/UkoUPQylinDw) _2026-02-25 · **Sponsored**_ Claim 8.1% APY and up to $1,030 in SK hynix and Nvidia stock. ## [Data Update 8 for 2026: Time for Harvesting - Dividends and Buybacks](https://aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2026/02/data-update-8-for-2026-time-for.html) _2026-02-24 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ In the data update posts this year, I have wended my way from the macro (equities collectives, the bond market and other asset classes) to the micro, starting with hurdle rates and returns in posts five and six and the debt/equity choice in my seventh post. In this post, I will look at the decision by businesses on how much cash to return to their owners, and in what form (dividends or buybacks),… ## [Data Update 7 for 2026: Debt and Taxes](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/data-update-7-for-2026-debt-and-taxes) _2026-02-20 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ Neither a borrower nor a lender be? ## [Data Update 6 for 2026: In Search of Profitability!](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/data-update-6-for-2026-in-search) _2026-02-16 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ The Business End Game Clarified! ## [Data Update 5 for 2026: Risk and Hurdle Rates](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/data-update-5-for-2026-risk-and-hurdle) _2026-02-05 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ Risk = Danger + Opportunity ## [Data Update 4 for 2026: A Risk Journey around the World!](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/data-update-4-for-2026-a-risk-journey) _2026-02-02 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ Country risk and returns ## [Data Update 4 for 2026: The Global Perspective!](https://aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2026/02/data-update-4-for-2026-global.html) _2026-02-02 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ If you have read my first three data updates in 2026, I won’t blame you if you skip this one, because you found them long and boring. I won't take issue with you either if you viewed them as too US-focused, because I did spend my second data update , looking at US equities, and my third , examining US treasuries and the US dollar. In this post, I widen my data analysis to look at the rest of the… ## [Data Update 3: The Trust Deficit - Bonds, Currencies, Gold and Bitcoin in 2025!](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/data-update-3-the-trust-deficit-bonds) _2026-01-28 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ Can I trust you? ## [Data Update 3 for 2026: The Trust Deficit - Bonds, Currencies, Gold and Bitcoin!](https://aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2026/01/data-update-3-for-2026-trust-deficit.html) _2026-01-28 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ In my last post , I talked about the disconnect between the bad news stories that we were reading and the solid performance of US equities during 2025. In this one, I want to focus specifically on four news stories from last year - the US announcement of punitive tariffs on the rest of the world, the downgrade of the US, the longest shutdown in US government history and unprecedented challenges to… ## [Data Update 2 for 2026: A Testing Year (2025) for US Equities](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/data-update-2-for-2026-a-testing) _2026-01-23 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ Climbing walls of worry! ## [Data Update 2 for 2026: Equities get tested, and pass again!](https://aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2026/01/data-update-2-for-2026-equities-get.html) _2026-01-23 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ It was a disquieting year , as political and economic news stories shook the foundations of the post-war economic order, built around global trade and the US dollar. In fact, if you had been read just the news all through the year, and were shielded from financial markets, and been asked what stocks did during the year, you would have guessed, based on the news, that they had a bad year. You would… ## [Every Channel. One Login. (Sponsored)](https://crawlproof.com/a/rdpIoJZAMGN3) _2026-01-23 · **Sponsored**_ 17,000+ live channels, movies and sports on any device. Free trial, no IP lock. ## [Data Update 1 for 2026: The Push and Pull of Data](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/data-update-1-for-2026-the-push-and) _2026-01-09 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ Numbers don't lie, or do they? ## [Trillion Dollar Market Caps: Fairy Tale Pricing or Business Marvels?](https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com/p/trillion-dollar-market-caps-fairy) _2025-12-03 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ Highly Priced ≠ Overpriced ## [A Golden Year (2025): Gold's Price Surge - The Signal in the Noise!](https://aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2025/11/a-golden-year-2025-golds-price-surge.html) _2025-11-06 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ I grew up in India in a time where if you had wealth, your investment options were limited. A stock market with sparse listings, accompanied by a lack of trust in financial assets, led investors to put their wealth into tangible assets. Real estate was the most common choice but gold was a strong competitor, though investments in the latter often took the form of jewelry and ornaments. As… ## [A “Fairly Highly Valued” Market: A Fed Chair Opines on Stocks, but should we listen?](https://aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2025/10/a-fairly-highly-valued-market-fed-chair.html) _2025-10-06 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ In December 1996, Alan Greenspan used the words "irrational exuberance" to describe the stock market at the time, and those words not only became the title of Robert Shiller's cautionary book on market bubbles, but also the beginnings of the belief that central bankers had the wisdom to be market timers and the power to bend the economy to their views. I think that Greenspan's words seem… ## [The Imitation Game: Defending against AI's Dark Side!](https://aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2025/08/the-imitation-game-defending-against.html) _2025-08-05 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ A few weeks ago, I started receiving a stream of message about an Instagram post that I was allegedly starring in, where after offering my views on Palantir's valuation, I was soliciting investors to invest with me (or with an investment entity that had ties to me). I was not surprised, since I have lived with imitations for years, but I was bemused, since I don't have an Instagram account and… ## [Country Risk 2025: The Story behind the Numbers!](https://aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2025/07/country-risk-2025-story-behind-numbers.html) _2025-07-31 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ At the start of July, I updated my estimates of equity risk premiums for countries, in an semiannual ritual that goes back almost three decades. As with some of my other data updates, I have mixed feelings about publishing these numbers. On the one hand, I have no qualms about sharing these estimates, which I use when I value companies, because there is no secret sauce or special insight embedded… ## [To Bitcoin or not to Bitcoin? A Corporate Cash Question!](https://aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2025/07/to-bitcoin-or-not-to-bitcoin-corporate.html) _2025-07-18 · Aswath Damodaran · Musings on Markets_ In this post, I will bring together two disparate and very different topics that I have written about in the past. The first is the role that cash holdings play in a business , an extension of the dividend policy question, with an examination of why businesses often should not pay out what they have available to shareholders. In my classes and writing on corporate finance, I look at the motives…