Unified L4+L7 bandwidth governance: rethinking Internet-scale TLS scanning

When you&rsquo;re scanning the IPv4 space for TLS certificates, the bottleneck isn&rsquo;t usually the SYN sweep or the TLS handshakes individually. It&rsquo;s the interaction between them, and the standard tooling doesn&rsquo;t model that interaction. The canonical research pipeline is ZMap piped through ZTee into ZGrab2. ZMap fires SYNs at a configured L4 rate. ZGrab2 reads verified hosts off…