The code of «loneliness» in lyric poetry (based on the poems of Goethe, Lermontov, and Abay)

The article examines the concept of «loneliness» in poetry as a code and takes into account the poetic and semiotic meaning of the phenomenon of loneliness. Research in this area was carried out by analyzing the works of the outstanding representative of German poetry, J.W. Goethe, the greatest figure of Russian litera- ture of the Romantic era, M.Y. Lermontov, and the classic of Kazakh poetry,…