Zero Knowledege Proofs, Berkeley Math Circle

These are my notes from a class at the Berkeley Math Circle on October 23rd, 2024. You can find an accompanying handout here.&#xA;Today we&rsquo;ll be talking about spies and secret messages and the question of what it is possible to know.&#xA;A quote from the Soviet mathematician VI Arnold:&#xA;All mathematics is divided into three parts: cryptography (paid for by CIA, KGB and the like),…