The Final Chapter on Google Android Saga: What the judgment means for Article 102 TFEU enforcement in digital markets

More than a decade after the Commission first opened its investigation into Google Android, the Court of Justice (CoJ) has finally brought the curtain down. On 2 July 2026, the CJEU handed down its judgment (C-738/22 P, Google and Alphabet v Commission), upholding the General Court’s ruling (Case T-604/18, Google and Alphabet v Commission) which imposed a €4.1 billion fine on Google and largely…