SVALBARD: A WINDOW INTO THE END PERMIAN EXTINCTION EVENT

Trekking in Svalbard, Norwegian ArcticWhen the end-Permian extinction struck 252 million years ago, it nearly wiped the slate clean. More than 80% of marine species vanished. Coral reefs collapsed. Food webs unraveled. We've long believed that ocean life, particularly vertebrates, clawed its way back slowly and stepwise, with ecosystems taking millions of years to re-establish