Calculating Pi with Numerical Integration in Python and C++

This article explains how to approximate Pi using the definite integral [math]\pi=\int_0^1\frac{4}{1+x^2},dx[/math]. It introduces the mathematics behind the identity, explains the trapezoidal and midpoint integration methods, and provides single-threaded and multithreaded implementations in both Python and C++. It also demonstrates how the same calculation can be divided across five distributed…