Assessment of the impact of lipopolysaccharide from multidrug-resistant proteus on the expression of ZapA and UreR virulence genes of Proteus mirabilis

Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen implicated in urinary tract infections, with virulence largely attributed to factors such as ZapA, a metalloprotease, and UreR, a regulator of urease activity. Lipopolysaccharides [LPS] are a vital ingredient of the outing Gram-negative bacteria membranes, functioning in both structural integrity and pathogenesis. However, the role of endogenous LPS…