Strengthening Coastal Resilience through Science-Based Mangrove Governance in Davao Occidental, Philippines

Mangrove rehabilitation represents a significant public investment in Davao Occidental; however, outcomes remain inconsistent and, in many cases, inefficient. Empirical field evidence from the municipalities of Malita and Santa Maria indicates survival rates ranging from 70% to more than 95%. This variability is primarily attributed to persistent site–species mismatch, continued overreliance on…