Next.js 16.3 vs Astro 7 vs Nuxt 4.5 on the same blog design, 172KB vs 0KB JS

Tested Next.js 16.3, Astro 7 and Nuxt 4.5 on an M4 Mac mini with one identical blog. Pixel-identical output ships 172KB vs 21.5KB vs 0KB gzipped JS; build cache and dev-server memory measured too.