Paracomplete logic and the Aymara language

Last week my EPFL colleague Martin Rohrmeier (Digital and Cognitive Musicology) pointed out to me the truly fascinating Aymara people and their language, which can directly express 3-valued logic (true, false, uncertain). Aymara is an “existence proof” that the rules of human reasoning are elastic and need not necessarily be dominated exclusively by the classical 2-valued Aristotelian standard.…