‘The Philadelphia Longshoremen Become an Independent Union’ by Ben Fletcher from The Messenger. June, 1923.

Writing for A. Philip Randolph's 'The Messenger' long-time wobbly activist and Philadelphia longshore workers' leader Ben Fletcher explains the history of Marine Transport Workers' Union Local 8 of the I.W.W. and why they have chosen to leave the Industrial Workers of the World after a decade as one of that organizations' most successful Locals.