Automate Vultr Snapshots Using Bash

Vultr is a VPS (Virtual Private Server) hosting platform that uses KVM (Kernel–based Virtual Machine) virtualization. Signing into their website over and over again to make a snapshot can be tedious. Let’s automate this process using bash, and systemd timers.

Vultr offers an excellent API (Application Programming Interface) that lets you programmatically orchestrate a web based hypervisor dashboard, right down to account payments. We will use this API to automatically create snapshots.

Update: Vultr’s snapshots Other low level methods for snapshotting exist. This is merely a nice convenience. used to be free, but the pricing changed to $0.05/GB per month. Keeping this in mind the script below sets an initial Vultr used to support up to 11 free snapshots. limit of 11 snapshots.

First let’s set up the variables that our script will use to create and rotate snapshots.

#!/bin/sh -eu

Key='YourAPIKEY'
SnapshotLimit=11
SnapshotCount=$(curl -s -H "API-Key: $Key" https://api.vultr.com/v1/snapshot/list | grep -o SNAPSHOTID | wc -l)
Fields=$(curl -s -H "API-Key: $Key" https://api.vultr.com/v1/snapshot/list | grep -o '"' | wc -l)
LastSnapshotField=$((Fields - 24))
LastSnapshotID=$(curl -s -H "API-Key: $Key" https://api.vultr.com/v1/snapshot/list | grep '"' | cut -d '"' -f $LastSnapshotField)

We are using command substitutions with curl. Let’s add our API key and set the snapshot limit to 11. The API will respond in json. We can install jq but I’ll use the tools that are available to process the output. First, we’ll get the current number of snapshots using grep and wc.

SnapshotCount=$(curl -s -H "API-Key: $Key" https://api.vultr.com/v1/snapshot/list | grep -o SNAPSHOTID | wc -l)

Then use the same technique to get the number of fields in the json output delimited by ".

Fields=$(curl -s -H "API-Key: $Key" https://api.vultr.com/v1/snapshot/list | grep -o '"' | wc -l)

Since we have an upper snapshot limit of 11, we also need to know the ID of the oldest snapshot. This will allow us to destroy that snapshot when we reach the limit automatically. I already know that the oldest snapshot ID is always 28 fields away from the end of the delimited json output.

LastSnapshotField=$((Fields - 28)

Finish up by using grep and cut to extract the oldest snapshot ID.

LastSnapshotID=$(curl -s -H "API-Key: $Key" https://api.vultr.com/v1/snapshot/list | grep '"' | cut -d '"' -f $LastSnapshotField)

Execute a simple if statement to destroy that snapshot when necessary. Nothing fancy.

if [ "$SnapshotCount" -eq "$SnapshotLimit" ]
  then
    curl -H "API-Key: $Key" https://api.vultr.com/v1/snapshot/destroy --data "SNAPSHOTID=$LastSnapshotID" || exit 1;
fi

curl -H "API-Key: $Key" https://api.vultr.com/v1/snapshot/create --data 'SUBID=YourSUBID';

Our full script now looks like this and is complete.

#!/bin/sh -eu

Key='YourAPIKEY'
SnapshotLimit=11
SnapshotCount=$(curl -s -H "API-Key: $Key" https://api.vultr.com/v1/snapshot/list | grep -o SNAPSHOTID | wc -l)
Fields=$(curl -s -H "API-Key: $Key" https://api.vultr.com/v1/snapshot/list | grep -o '"' | wc -l)
LastSnapshotField=$((Fields - 24))
LastSnapshotID=$(curl -s -H "API-Key: $Key" https://api.vultr.com/v1/snapshot/list | grep '"' | cut -d '"' -f $LastSnapshotField)

if [ "$SnapshotCount" -eq "$SnapshotLimit" ]
  then
    curl -H "API-Key: $Key" https://api.vultr.com/v1/snapshot/destroy --data "SNAPSHOTID=$LastSnapshotID" || exit 1;
fi

curl -H "API-Key: $Key" https://api.vultr.com/v1/snapshot/create --data 'SUBID=YourSUBID';

Let’s drop this into a systemd service at /etc/systemd/system/vultr-snapshot.service.

[Unit]
Description=Create Vultr Snapshot

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/vultr-snapshot

Then run it using a timer at /etc/systemd/system/vultr-snapshot.timer. This timer runs the script at 5:30 AM every morning.

[Unit]
Description=Create Vultr Snapshot

[Timer]
OnCalendar=*-*-* 05:30:00
RandomizedDelaySec=60

[Install]
WantedBy=timers.target

That’s it. This is a quick way of supplementing your normal backups with automatic Vultr snapshots.