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somayya’s Substack · Oct 7, 2025

Paul Kammerer (1910) v. Michael Levin (2010)

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somayya · somayya’s Substack

paul kammerer: Austrian biologist, end of WWI. Lamarckian inheritance: acquired traits becoming heritable. Committed suicide after being accused of fraud. Main question he raised, “can environment imprint morphological memory across generations?”

michael levin: American biologist, modern-day. Studies bioelectric patterning, or inheritance and body genesis beyond genetics. Examples:

  • Planaria worms: Block gap junctions → tail regenerates as a head.

  • Frog embryos: Alter membrane potential → eyes grow on the tail or gut.

  • Tadpole limb buds: Modulate voltage → extra digits or altered polarity.

    (funnily enough he has used ivermectin as intervention, a drug i learned about in my recent gastrointestinal MD lectures)

similar themes of non-genetic inheritance, though one didn’t work out; it will be interesting to see where levin’s work goes.

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